Integrative Biology Journals

JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 1-.DOI: 10.1007/s11676-026-02070-7

• Original Paper •    

Universal transfer‑response function: modelling the impacts of climate on lodgepole pine maximum height in British Columbia, Canada

Kate F. Peterson1, Tongli Wang1, Gregory A. O’Neill2, Derek F. Sattler3, Bianca N. I. Eskelson4   

  1. 1Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Stewardship, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada 

    2Forest Improvement and Research Management Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Vernon, BC V1T 6L6, Canada

    3Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada 

    4Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Stewardship, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

  • Received:2025-10-24 Accepted:2026-03-22 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-01-01
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) PGSD grant awarded to K.F. Peterson, as well as the British Columbia Ministry of Forests funding awarded to Dr. Tongli Wang (grant number 1070-20/RE21FHQ011), along with the support of the University of British Columbia Faculty of Forestry.

Abstract: This study addresses a critical gap in forest management by introducing a Universal Transfer-Response Function (UTRF) to predict Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta var. latifola Dougl.) maximum height under varying climate conditions in British Columbia. Using long-term provenance trial data, we developed a two-stage modeling approach: first, fitting a logistic height-age curve to estimate individual tree growth potential, and second, applying a cubic polynomial UTRF incorporating site, provenance, and climate transfer variables. The model explained approximately 62% of variation in maximum height and was used to simulate future growth under multiple climate scenarios. Results indicate that southern lodgepole pine populations will experience severe declines in height growth under warming conditions, while northern populations may benefit temporarily, reflecting a northward shift in the species’ climatic niche. Spatial predictions further highlight regions becoming unsuitable for lodgepole pine by 2100, emphasizing the urgency of climate-based seed transfer and assisted migration strategies. By integrating UTRF into operational growth and yield models, forest managers can simulate adaptive strategies to mitigate timber yield losses. This finding represents a significant advancement in climate-sensitive forestry modeling and provides a foundation for sustainable management under future climate uncertainty.

Key words: Forestry, Climate change, Genecology, Growth and yield