植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 807-815.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.014

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江西部3种杨树生长及生理特征比较

张政, 张鹏()   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 张鹏 E-mail:zhangpeng@nefu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张政(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事森林培育研究。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省学科协同创新项目

Comparative Research on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Three Poplar Varieties Grown in Western Heilongjiang

Zheng ZHANG, Peng ZHANG()   

  1. College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
  • Received:2025-03-01 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-28
  • Contact: Peng ZHANG E-mail:zhangpeng@nefu.edu.cn

摘要:

针对松嫩平原杨树人工林立地品种配置吻合度低问题,以黑龙江西部适生杨树良种黑青杨(Populus euramericana ‘N3016’×P. ussuriensis)、龙丰1号杨(P. deltoides×P. simonii ‘LongFeng-1’)、齐林1号杨(P. euramericana(Dode) cv. ‘DN113’)为对象,对比分析3个树种生长、枝叶元素化学计量关系、叶片生理特征。结果表明:3个树种年均径向生长速率为2.32~2.84 cm·a-1,其中,龙丰1号杨径向生长速率最快,齐林1号杨次之,均显著高于黑青杨(P<0.05);3个树种树干直径与树干高度之间呈二项式函数关系。龙丰1号杨和齐林1号杨枝含水率显著高于黑青杨(P<0.05);龙丰1号杨叶片比叶面积高于其他2个树种。3个树种标准枝附属高级枝及叶元素含量和元素化学计量比均存在显著差异,其中,龙丰1号杨叶片和枝氮(N)和钾(K)含量最高,齐林1号杨次之,黑青杨最低,齐林1号杨叶片磷(P)含量高于龙丰1号杨和黑青杨;3个树种标准枝附属高级枝叶片C∶N(质量比)为19.41~21.65,N∶P(质量比)为6.01~9.40。3个树种叶片碳、氮代谢水平存在显著差异,其中,黑青杨叶片可溶性糖、淀粉、非结构性碳水化合物含量高于龙丰1号杨、齐林1号杨;黑青杨叶片硝态氮、铵态氮和可溶性蛋白含量高于齐林1号杨,但游离氨基酸含量低于其他2个树种(P<0.05)。不同品种之间叶片激素水平存在差异,其中,黑青杨叶片水杨酸含量低于龙丰1号杨和齐林1号杨(P<0.05);齐林1号杨叶片脱落酸含量低于龙丰1号杨(P<0.05);龙丰1号杨叶片生长素含量低于齐林1号杨。3个树种叶片赤霉素含量无显著差异。

关键词: 杨树, 松嫩平原, 生物量, 含水率, 碳、氮代谢, 植物激素

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of unmached species to site for poplar plantations in western Songnen Plain, three poplar varieties, namely HQ(P. euramericana ‘N3016’×P. ussuriensis), LF(P. deltoides×P. simonii ‘LongFeng-1’) and 2111Y(Populus euramericana(Dode) cv. ‘DN113’) grown in western Heilongjiang as materials, the growth parameters, stoichiometric relationship of branches and leaves, and physiological characteristics of leaves were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the averaged annual radial growth rate was in a range of 2.32-2.84 cm·a-1, of which LF had the highest radial growth rate, followed by 2111Y, significantly higher than that of HQ. A binomial function relationship between stem diameter and stem height existed in the poplar varieties. Branch water contents of LF and 2111Y were significantly higher than that of HQ(P<0.05). Specific leaf area of LF was higher than that of the other poplar varieties. There were significant differences in elements content and their stoichiometric ratio in the twigs and leaves of high-class twigs. Among them, the N and K contents in leaves and twigs of LF were the highest, followed by 2111Y, and HQ; P content in leaves of 2111Y was higher than that of the other poplars. Leaf C-to-N ratios of the three poplar varieties were in the range of 19.41-21.65; C-to-P ratios in the range of 6.01-9.40. There were significant differences in leaf C and N metabolism levels of the three poplar varieties. Among them, leaf content of soluble sugar, starch, and non-structure carbohydrates of HQ were higher than those of LF and 2111Y, and the contents ofNO3-andNH4+were higher than those of 2111Y, whereas leaf free amino acid content of HQ was lower than that of the other poplars. There was significant difference in plant hormone levels among the three poplar varieties, with salicylic acid contents in leaves of HQ and abscisic acid content in leaves of 2111Y significantly lower than the other poplars. The auxin content of LF leaves was lower than that of 2111Y leaves. There was no difference in leaf gibberellin content among the poplar varieties.

Key words: Populus, Songnen Plain, biomass, water content, carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, plant hormone

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