植物研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 96-106.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2024.01.012
张婧1,2, 张伟溪2, 丁昌俊2(), 苑正赛1,2, 代丽蕊1,2, 苏晓华2, 沈应柏3, 曲冠证1
收稿日期:
2023-06-21
出版日期:
2024-01-20
发布日期:
2023-12-27
通讯作者:
丁昌俊
E-mail:changjund@126.com
作者简介:
E-mail:changjund@126.com。基金资助:
Jing ZHANG1,2, Weixi ZHANG2, Changjun DING2(), Zhengsai YUAN1,2, Lirui DAI1,2, Xiaohua SU2, Yingbai SHEN3, Guanzheng QU1
Received:
2023-06-21
Online:
2024-01-20
Published:
2023-12-27
Contact:
Changjun DING
E-mail:changjund@126.com
摘要:
通过比较不同品种杨树(Populus)的生长、光合生理及根尖离子流速特性差异,为速生适应性强品种的早期选育提供参考。以渤丰3号杨(P. × euramericana ‘Bofeng 3’)、渤丰1号杨(P. × euramericana ‘Bofeng 1’)、西雄1号杨(P. × euramericana ‘Xixiong 1’)、中雄7号杨(P. × euramericana ‘Zhongxiong 7’)和中雄4号杨(P. deltoides × P. suaveolens cl. ‘Zhongxiong 4’)5个杨树品种1年生苗为研究对象,于正常培养条件下的试验开始和试验结束(30 d)时分别测定株高、地径等生长指标,并于10、20、30 d时分别测定幼苗的叶片数量、单叶面积、叶长、叶宽、瞬时净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2摩尔浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素相对含量以及根尖K+、Ca2+、H+流速等指标,经过30 d的正常管理,5个品种的株高生长量之间的差异达到显著水平,由高到低依次为中雄4号杨、西雄1号杨、渤丰3号杨、中雄7号杨、渤丰1号杨;其中光合特性指标和蒸腾速率渤丰1号杨均表现为最大,中雄4号杨均表现为最小,但是中雄4号杨的单叶面积((57.49±2.37) cm2)、总叶面积((1 721.10± 28.59) cm2)、单株净光合速率((17 863.10±910.21) μmol·m-2·s-1)和水分利用率((3.15±0.06) μmol·mmol-1)均表现为最大,且K+外排流速最慢,为(62.68±0.45) pmol·cm-2·g-1,Ca2+内流流速最快,为(-74.24±1.29) pmol·cm-2·g-1,而渤丰1号的单株净光合速率((8 539.70±164.64) μmol·m-2·s-1)和水分利用率((2.64±0.07) μmol·mmol-1)最小,且K+外排流速((130.81±1.71) pmol·cm-2·g-1)最快,Ca2+内流流速((-34.43±0.84) pmol·cm-2·g-1)最慢。综上所述,5个杨树品种中,中雄4号杨总叶面积、单株净光合速率、水分利用率最高,蒸腾速率最小,根尖K+外排流速最慢,Ca2+内流流速最快,植物体内K+、Ca2+离子含量最多,H+最活跃,株高生长表现最好,可能具有潜在的较强环境适应能力,适宜种植的范围更广。
中图分类号:
张婧, 张伟溪, 丁昌俊, 苑正赛, 代丽蕊, 苏晓华, 沈应柏, 曲冠证. 五个杨树品种生长、光合生理及根尖离子流速特性比较分析[J]. 植物研究, 2024, 44(1): 96-106.
Jing ZHANG, Weixi ZHANG, Changjun DING, Zhengsai YUAN, Lirui DAI, Xiaohua SU, Yingbai SHEN, Guanzheng QU. Comparative Analysis of Growth, Photosynthetic Physiology and Root Tip Ion Flow Characteristics of Five Poplar Varieties[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(1): 96-106.
表1
5个杨树品种信息
品种名称 Varieties Name | 母本 female parent | 父本 male parent | 良种编号/新品种权号 Improved seed number/ new variety right number |
---|---|---|---|
渤丰3号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 3’ | 美洲黑杨 P.deltoides cl. ‘55/65’×P.deltoides cl.‘2KEN8’ | 欧洲黑杨 P.nigra ‘Brummen’× P.nigra ‘Piccarolo’ | 良种编号:国S-SV-PE-003-2017 |
渤丰1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 1’ | 美洲黑杨 P.deltoides cl.‘55/65’×P.deltoides cl. ‘2KEN8’ | 欧洲黑杨 P.nigra ‘Brummen’× P.nigra ‘Piccarolo’ | 良种编号:国S-SC-PE-002-2011 |
西雄1号杨 P.×euramericana‘Xixiong 1’ | 美洲黑杨 P.deltoides cl.‘55/65’×P.deltoides cl.‘2KEN8’ | 欧洲黑杨 P.nigra cv. italica | 新品种权号:20190358 |
中雄7号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Zhongxiong 7’ | 美洲黑杨 P.deltoides cl.‘55/65’×P.deltoides cl.‘2KEN8’ | 欧洲黑杨 P.nigra ‘N146’ | 良种编号:鲁S-SV-PE-006-2020 |
中雄4号杨 P.deltoides×P.suaveolens cl. ‘Zhongxiong 4’ | 美洲黑杨 P.×deltoides cv. ‘Shanhaiguanensis’ | 甜杨 P.suaveolens | 新品种权号:20180140 |
表2
5个杨树品种试验开始前生长数据
品种名称 Varieties Name | 株高 Plant height/cm | 地径 Ground diameter/mm | 叶片数量/枚 Number of blades | 节间距 Section spacing/cm |
---|---|---|---|---|
渤丰3号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 3’ | 45.58 | 5.14 | 20 | 2.23 |
渤丰1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 1’ | 36.54 | 4.39 | 17 | 2.12 |
西雄1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Xixiong 1’ | 42.42 | 4.58 | 21 | 2.01 |
中雄7号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Zhongxiong 7’ | 47.40 | 4.50 | 22 | 2.14 |
中雄4号杨 P.deltoides×P.suaveolens cl. ‘Zhongxiong 4’ | 83.49 | 5.98 | 25 | 3.27 |
表3
5个杨树品种叶片数量、节间距
杨树品种 Poplar varietes | 节间距 Section spacing/cm | 叶片数量/枚 Number of blades |
---|---|---|
渤丰3号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 3’ | 2.21±0.07b | 24±0.71b |
渤丰1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 1’ | 2.07±0.13d | 22±0.71c |
西雄1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Xixiong 1’ | 2.14±0.06c | 25±0.50b |
中雄7号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Zhongxiong 7’ | 2.20±0.04b | 25±0.82b |
中雄4号杨 P. deltoides×P. suaveolens cl. ‘Zhongxiong 4’ | 3.16±0.01a | 29±0.82a |
表4
5个杨树品种叶片形态指标
杨树品种 Poplar varieties | 叶长 Length of leaf/cm | 叶宽 Leaf width/cm | 单叶面积 Leaf area/cm2 | 总叶面积 Total blade area/cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
渤丰3号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 3’ | 6.94±0.03b | 7.69±0.16b | 35.35±0.33b | 852.35±7.92c |
渤丰1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 1’ | 6.17±0.13d | 7.27±0.03c | 28.97±0.67c | 633.38±17.01d |
西雄1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Xixiong 1’ | 7.17±0.23b | 7.96±0.17b | 37.23±0.83b | 932.75±6.50b |
中雄7号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Zhongxiong 7’ | 6.46±0.28c | 7.85±0.37b | 35.74±0.94b | 884.09±23.41bc |
中雄4号杨 P.deltoides×P.suaveolens cl. ‘Zhongxiong 4’ | 8.91±0.15a | 9.04±0.40a | 57.49±2.37a | 1721.10±28.59a |
表5
5个杨树品种光合参数指标和SPAD值
杨树品种 Poplar varietes | 气孔导度Gs /(mmol·m-2·s-1) | 胞间CO2摩尔分数Ci /(μmol·mol-1) | 蒸腾速率Tr /(g·m-2·h-1) | SPAD值 SPAD value |
---|---|---|---|---|
渤丰3号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 3’ | 0.249±0.037b | 273.05±6.48a | 4.62±0.12b | 34.47±0.21b |
渤丰1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Bofeng 1’ | 0.274±0.015a | 274.51±2.32a | 5.14±0.16a | 36.13±0.78a |
西雄1号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Xixiong 1’ | 0.224±0.008c | 262.27±2.32b | 4.51±0.07c | 31.61±0.14c |
中雄7号杨 P.×euramericana ‘Zhongxiong 7’ | 0.215±0.003c | 244.84±0.64c | 3.67±0.03d | 34.42±0.14b |
中雄4号杨 P.deltoides×P.suaveolens cl. ‘Zhongxiong 4’ | 0.157±0.005d | 232.99±5.61d | 3.39±0.13e | 30.31±0.22d |
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