启动子是高等植物中驱动基因表达不可或缺的重要调控序列。启动子元件的不同功能是导致基因表达效率和时空特异性差异的根本原因, 鉴定其结构和功能对理解植物生长发育进程、环境胁迫反应和进化发育均具有重要意义。随着高通量测序技术、人工智能和合成生物学的发展, 鉴定植物顺式作用元件组, 将符合设计需求的元件构建成人工调控元件的技术已逐渐兴起, 这些技术为分子育种中高效、精准和多样的基因调控奠定了基础。该文以启动子元件在分子设计中的重构应用为导向, 介绍了高等植物启动子的详细结构和功能, 及顺式作用元件的鉴定方法, 系统梳理了27类共计174个已鉴定到的诱导型和组织特异性元件及其应用。据此, 提出其设计方向和方法, 旨在为高等植物基因工程启动子元件的研究现状、发掘方法和重新设计提供指导, 提升分子设计育种中目的基因的表达效率和准确性。

Bryophytes, a monophyletic group comprising three major lineages, diversified soon after the terrestrialization of land plants. However, their internal phylogenetic relationships remain controversial. In this study, we reconstructed the ordinal and familial phylogeny of bryophytes using the largest plastid data set to date, including 549 taxa that represent almost all known orders and two-thirds of families. The strongly supported phylogenetic inference enabled us to propose in mosses seven newly segregated families, that is, Baldwiniellaceae, Calyptrochaetaceae, Ctenidiaceae, Herpetineuraceae, Isodrepaniaceae, Pseudotaxiphyllaceae, and Rozeaceae, and one reduced family, that is, Climaciaceae. We also transferred the liverwort family Calyculariaceae from Fossombroniales to Pelliales. Recent advancements in molecular phylogeny have revolutionized bryophyte classification, tending to be more fragmental. Hence, we further propose a revised familial classification system for bryophytes that includes 45 orders and 142 families in mosses, 23 orders and 85 families in liverworts, and five orders and five families in hornworts.

重金属相关异戊二烯化植物蛋白HIPP是一类含有金属结合结构域(HMA)和C端异戊二烯化基序的金属伴侣蛋白。该文总结了模式植物中HIPP蛋白的结构特征, 阐述了植物HIPP蛋白家族参与的重金属稳态和解毒机制, 揭示了其在植物生长发育和应对环境变化(生物和非生物胁迫)中的潜在意义, 以期为HIPP蛋白家族的后续研究提供启示。