Three new caryophyllene sesquiterpenoids, cytosporinols A-C(1-3), have been isolated from solid cultures of Cytospora sp. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated primarily by NMR spectroscopy, and 3 was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of the C-11 secondary alcohol in 1 and the 6, 8-diol moiety in 3 were deduced using the modified Mosher and Snatzke's method, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa cells.

This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians and their pharmacological applications, challenges and recent developments in marine drug discovery reported during 1994-2014, highlighting the structural activity of compounds produced by these specimens. Till date only 5% of living ascidian species were studied from <3000 species, this study represented from family didemnidae (32%), polyclinidae (22%), styelidae and polycitoridae (11-12%) exhibiting the highest number of promising MNPs. Close to 580 compound structures are here discussed in terms of their occurrence, structural type and reported biological activity. Anti-cancer drugs are the main area of interest in the screening of MNPs from ascidians (64%), followed by anti-malarial (6%) and remaining others. FDA approved ascidian compounds mechanism of action along with other compounds status of clinical trials (phase 1 to phase 3) are discussed here in. This review highlights recent developments in the area of natural products chemistry and biotechnological approaches are emphasized.

Over the past 30 years,the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies.Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae,comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa,Australia,and parts of Asia,e.g.,China,India and Japan.Many of them are economically significant species.Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identification of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids,terpenes,flavonoids,lignans,sterols,phenolic comopunds,coumarins,amongst other compounds.Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to different tumors as breast cancer (4T1 and EMT),colorectal cancer (HCT116,HT29,and SW480),and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines.The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins,steroidal alkaloids and phenols.This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018,fetched from SciFinder,Pubmed,ScienceDirect,Wikipedia and Baidu,using "Solanum" and the species'names as search terms ("all fields").

Euodiae Fructus, referred to as “Wuzhuyu” in Chinese, has been used as local and traditional herbal medicines in many regions, especially in China, Japan and Korea, for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, headache, emesis, aphtha, dermatophytosis, dysentery, etc. Substantial investigations into their chemical and pharmacological properties have been performed. Recently, interest in this plant has been focused on the different structural types of alkaloids like evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, which exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities in preclinical models, such as anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticardiovascular disease, etc. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology of Euodiae Fructus together with the toxicology and quality control, and discusses the possible direction and scope for future research on this plant.

春化作用是某些高等植物成花转变的重要环节，被认为是植物在低温诱导下促使其相关基因的表达，从而导致生理状态转变的一种受遗传控制的生理过程。本文对植物春化反应特性、春化作用的生理生化特性及春化作用的分子生物学等方面的研究进展进行了概述，并对春化研究中的问题进行了分析和展望。

报道我国青藏高原东南缘5种6个居群火绒草属植物的染色体数目和核型。银叶火绒草Leontopodium souliei 2n=2x=24=13M+8m+3sm，1B；坚杆火绒草L.franchetii 2n=2x=26=6M+18m+2sm，2A；华火绒草L.sinense；四川木里海拔2406m的居群：2n=2x=26=4M+22m，1B，四川木里海拔3074m居群：2n=4x=52=16M+36m，1B；美头火绒草L.calocephalum 2n=4x=48=3M+43m+2sm，1B；毛香火绒草L.stracheyi 2n=4x=48=13M+35m，1A。对现有的染色体资料分析表明：火绒草属的染色体核型比较对称，但种间具一定的变异；多倍化可能是该属在我国青藏高原及其周边地区发生强烈物种分化的重要原因之一。

植物组织中含有大量多糖、多酚、酯类等次生代谢产物, 要从中提取高质量的DNA比较困难。针对这一情况, 该文提出一种改良CTAB植物DNA提取方法(mCTAB), 并以10种常见植物为实验材料, 与4种常用的植物DNA提取试剂盒作对比。结果表明, mCTAB法提取的DNA产率高且质量好, PCR扩增成功率也较高, 而提取成本显著低于DNA提取试剂盒, 可有效用于植物DNA条形码等研究的植物DNA提取。

林木种质资源丰富, 种质间遗传差异大, 控制林木重要性状的基因克隆及转化对培育优良林木新品种具有很强的实用价值, 但许多具有潜在应用价值的林木基因未得到充分发掘和有效分离。近年来, 随着各种不同林木cDNA文库的建立, 大规模随机EST测序技术的运用以及克隆技术的不断完善, 特别是毛果杨(Populus trichocarpa)基因组测序计划的完成, 大量与林木重要性状相关的基因被分离和鉴定。这些重要基因的获得为利用转基因技术培育高产、优质、抗逆、抗病虫害的林木新品种奠定了一定的基础。该文综述了20多年来国内外林木基因克隆的研究进展, 对基因克隆及其应用过程中亟待解决的问题进行了讨论, 并对其发展趋势进行展望。

New coronavirus referred to SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) declared by WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is akin to SARS-CoV, which was the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 as well as to that of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. SARS-CoV-2 has been revealed to belong to Coronaviridiae family as a member of β-coronaviruses. It has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA with the largest RNA genome. Since its genomic sequence has a notable similarity to that of SARS-CoV, antiviral drugs used to treat SARS and MERS are now being also applied for COVID-19 treatment. In order to combat SARS-CoV-2, many drug and vaccine development studies at experimental and clinical levels are currently conducted worldwide. In this sense, medicinal plants and the pure natural molecules isolated from plants have been reported to exhibit significant inhibitory antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and other types of coronaviruses. In the present review, plant extracts and natural molecules with the mentioned activity are discussed in order to give inspiration to researchers to take these molecules into consideration against SARS-CoV-2.

选择合适的内参基因是提高实时荧光定量PCR分析(qRT-PCR)准确性的先决条件。该文以茶树(Camellia sinensis) 芽、叶、幼根、嫩茎、花瓣、种子和愈伤组织为材料, 应用实时荧光定量PCR技术, 分析了18S rRNA、GAPDH、β-actin和α-tubulin 4个常用内参基因在茶树不同器官组织中的表达情况。经GeNorm和NormFinder软件分析发现, 当利用荧光定量PCR分析比较茶树不同器官组织中的基因表达差异时, 可选择β-actin作为校正内参基因; 而比较不同成熟度的叶片和愈伤组织时, 可以选择GAPDH作为校正内参基因。

Androgens have an intense consequence on the human scalp and body hair. Scalp hair sprouts fundamentally in awol of androgens whereas the body hair hike is vulnerable to the activity of androgens. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) invoked as males emulate Alopecia due to the cause of the dynamic reduction of scalp hair. Androgens are medium of terminus growth of hair although the body. Local and system androgens convert the extensive terminal follicles into lesser vellus like structure. The out start of this type of alopecia is intensely irregular and the reason behind this existence of enough circulating steroidal hormones androgens and due to genetic predisposition. Effective treatments are available in the market as well as under clinical and preclinical testing. Many herbal formulations are also available but not FDA approved. Different conventional and NDDS formulations are already available in the market. To avoid various systemic side effects of both Finasteride and Minoxidil, topical formulations and natural products (nutrients, minerals, vitamins) now a days are being widely used to treat Androgenic alopecia. CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) provides the option to elect favorable, low-risk, adjuvant and alternative therapies. Herein, we offer a widespread review of topical marketed formulations, natural products, and CAM treatment options for AGA.

The global cosmetics market reached US$500 billion in 2017 and is expected to exceed US$800 billion by 2023, at around a 7% annual growth rate. The cosmetics industry is emerging as one of the fastest-growing industries of the past decade. Data shows that the Chinese cosmetics market was US$60 billion in 2021. It is expected to be the world’s number one consumer cosmetics market by 2050, with a size of approximately US$450 billion. The influence of social media and the internet has raised awareness of the risks associated with the usage of many chemicals in cosmetics and the health benefits of natural products derived from plants and other natural resources. As a result, the cosmetic industry is now paying more attention to natural products. The present review focus on the possible applications of natural products from various biological sources in skin care cosmetics, including topical care products, fragrances, moisturizers, UV protective, and anti-wrinkle products. In addition, the mechanisms of targets for evaluation of active ingredients in cosmetics and the possible benefits of these bioactive compounds in rejuvenation and health, and their potential role in cosmetics are also discussed.

蛋白互作在细胞生命活动中发挥关键作用, 在不同时空层面上参与多种细胞学过程, 因此研究蛋白互作对理解分子调控网络至关重要。通常情况下, 利用酵母双杂交系统筛选植物蛋白互作必须通过体外和体内系统进行验证。Pull-down和Co-IP是验证植物蛋白互作的常用技术。Pull-down被广泛用于体外验证蛋白间的直接互作; 而在植物活体内, 利用本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)叶片瞬时表达蛋白, 继而通过Co-IP进行鉴定是目前验证蛋白互作最简单且最有效的方法之一。该文对GST Pull-down和烟草瞬时表达系统中Co-IP技术原理及实验方案进行详细描述, 以期为验证植物蛋白互作提供参考。

Three new lycopodine-type alkaloids, 4α-hydroxyanhydrolycodoline(1), 4α, 6α-dihydroxyanhydrolycodoline(2), and 6-epi-8β-acetoxylycoclavine(3), and an artifact, lycoposerramine G nitrate(4), along with seventeen related known compounds, were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. ex Murray(Lycopodiaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray analysis. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity.

Arnon法是叶绿素提取和测定最经典、最常用的方法, 此法虽经多次改进, 但仍存在着检测波长误差大、计算公式有误、提取速度慢、测定结果不够准确以及操作步骤繁琐等缺陷。该文提出了二甲基亚砜(DMSO)高温提取、80%丙酮稀释的两步快速浸提法, 使叶绿素提取和测定过程缩短至3小时以内。通过对提取温度、提取时间、稀释比例及吸收光谱等进行系统分析, 筛选出了叶绿素的最佳提取条件和叶绿素含量的准确计算公式, 并用多种类型的植物材料验证了改进后的提取方法, 证明该方法具优越性和可靠性。具体测定方法是将植物材料切成1 mm宽的细丝或细段, 取50-100 mg材料于10 mL具塞试管中; 加入2 mL DMSO, 使植物材料浸没其中, 65°C高温避光提取至植物材料变白或透明; 冷却后加入8 mL 80%丙酮, 混匀, 测定663.6和646.6 nm处的吸光度。用公式计算叶绿素浓度: C_a (mg∙L^-1)=12.27A_663.6-2.52A_646.6; C_b (mg∙L^-1)=20.10A_646.6-4.92A_663.6; C_T (mg∙L^-1)=C_a+C_b=7.35A_663.6+17.58A_646.6。

Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is an orange-red, lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment. It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon, shrimp, trout, krill, crayfish, and so on. It is also synthesized in microalgae Heamatococcus pluvialis, Chlorococcum, Chlorella zofingiensis, red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Some aquatic and terrestrial creatures regarded as a primary and secondary sources of the astaxanthin producing and accumulating it through their metabolic pathways. Astaxanthin is the powerful antioxidant, nutritional supplement as well as promising therapeutic compound, observed to have activities against different ravaging diseases and disorders. Researchers have reported remarkable bioactivities of astaxanthin against major non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and immune disorders. The current review discusses some structural aspects of astaxanthin. It further elaborates its multiple potencies such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, anti-TB, anti-viral, anti-COVID 19, neuro-protective, nephro-protective, and fertility-enhancing properties. These potencies make it a more precious entity in the preventions as well as treatments of prevalent systematic diseases and/or disorders. Also, the review is acknowledging and documenting its powerful bioactivities in relation with the pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical applicability.

对贯众属（Cyrtomium）19种植物和近缘类群的15种植物的叶表皮形态特征进行了光学显微镜观察，并对包括贯众属3个亚系的模式种在内的12个种进行了扫描电镜观察。结果显示贯众属的叶表皮细胞为多边形或不规则形，垂周壁近平直、弓形、浅波状、波状至深波状。贯众属的气孔器分布于叶片下表皮，有无规则型、横列型和极附型三种类型，其中无规则型是主要的气孔器类型。气孔器表面观为宽椭圆形，长椭圆形，稀为近圆形，气孔外拱盖内缘近平滑、浅波状至啮齿-浅波状。大多数种类叶片表面角质膜具条纹，并常有条状隆起，或具颗粒等附属物。目前研究未发现可作为邢公侠二系四亚系诊断特征的明显的叶解剖特征。