Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR

doi:10.1007/s13659-023-00406-y

Natural Products and Bioprospecting ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 44-44.DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00406-y

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Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR

Shuruq Alsuhaymi¹, Upendra Singh¹, Inas Al-Younis¹, Najeh M. Kharbatia², Ali Haneef³, Kousik Chandra¹, Manel Dhahri⁴, Mohammed A. Assiri⁵, Abdul-Hamid Emwas², Mariusz Jaremko^1,6

1. Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
2. Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
3. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdullah Int Medical Research Center, NGHA, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
4. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, 46423, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia;
5. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
6. Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 4700, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

Received:2023-07-17 Online:2023-12-26 Published:2023-12-24
Contact: Abdul-Hamid Emwas,E-mail:abdelhamid.emwas@kaust.edu.sa;Mariusz Jaremko,E-mail:Mariusz.jaremko@kaust.edu.sa
Supported by:
The authors would like to thank King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for access to the Core Labs facilities. This publication is based on work supported by KAUST Smart Health Initiative grants (SHI REI 4447) (MJ) and through baseline-funds (MJ).

Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR

Shuruq Alsuhaymi¹, Upendra Singh¹, Inas Al-Younis¹, Najeh M. Kharbatia², Ali Haneef³, Kousik Chandra¹, Manel Dhahri⁴, Mohammed A. Assiri⁵, Abdul-Hamid Emwas², Mariusz Jaremko^1,6

1. Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
2. Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
3. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdullah Int Medical Research Center, NGHA, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
4. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, 46423, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia;
5. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
6. Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 4700, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

通讯作者: Abdul-Hamid Emwas,E-mail:abdelhamid.emwas@kaust.edu.sa;Mariusz Jaremko,E-mail:Mariusz.jaremko@kaust.edu.sa
基金资助:
The authors would like to thank King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) for access to the Core Labs facilities. This publication is based on work supported by KAUST Smart Health Initiative grants (SHI REI 4447) (MJ) and through baseline-funds (MJ).

Abstract

Abstract: Since ancient times, the inhabitants of dry areas have depended on the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a staple food and means of economic security. For example, dates have been a staple diet for the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara Desert in North Africa for millennia and the local culture is rich in knowledge and experience with the benefits of dates, suggesting that dates contain many substances essential for the human body. Madinah dates are considered one of the most important types of dates in the Arabian Peninsula, with Ajwa being one of the most famous types and grown only in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Date seeds are traditionally used for animal feed, seed oil production, cosmetics, and as a coffee substitute. Phytochemical compounds that have been detected in date fruits and date seeds include phenolic acids, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Phenolic acids are the most prevalent bioactive constituents that contribute to the antioxidant activity of date fruits. The bioactive properties of these phytochemicals are believed to promote human health by reducing the risk of diseases such as chronic inflammation. Ajwa dates especially are thought to have superior bioactivity properties. To investigate these claims, in this study, we compare the metabolic profiles of Ajwa with different types of dates collected from Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. We show by UHPLC-MS that date seeds contain several classes of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acid derivatives, including citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and hydroxyadipic acid. Additionally, GC–MS profiling showed that date seeds are richer in metabolite classes, such as hydrocinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids), than flesh samples. Deglet N fruit extract (minimum inhibitory concentration: 27 MIC/μM) and Sukkari fruit extract (IC₅₀: 479±0.58μg /mL) have higher levels of antibacterial and antioxidative activity than Ajwa fruits. However, the seed analysis showed that seed extracts have better bioactivity effects than fruit extracts. Specifically, Ajwa extract showed the best MIC and strongest ABTS radical-scavenging activity among examined seed extracts (minimum inhibitory concentration: 20 μM; IC₅₀: 54±3.61μg /mL). Our assays are a starting point for more advanced in vitro antibacterial models and investigation into the specific molecules that are responsible for the antioxidative and anti-bacterial activities of dates.

Key words: Metabolomics, GC–MS, UHPLC-MS, NMR, Date palm, Phytochemicals

摘要： Since ancient times, the inhabitants of dry areas have depended on the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a staple food and means of economic security. For example, dates have been a staple diet for the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Sahara Desert in North Africa for millennia and the local culture is rich in knowledge and experience with the benefits of dates, suggesting that dates contain many substances essential for the human body. Madinah dates are considered one of the most important types of dates in the Arabian Peninsula, with Ajwa being one of the most famous types and grown only in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Date seeds are traditionally used for animal feed, seed oil production, cosmetics, and as a coffee substitute. Phytochemical compounds that have been detected in date fruits and date seeds include phenolic acids, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Phenolic acids are the most prevalent bioactive constituents that contribute to the antioxidant activity of date fruits. The bioactive properties of these phytochemicals are believed to promote human health by reducing the risk of diseases such as chronic inflammation. Ajwa dates especially are thought to have superior bioactivity properties. To investigate these claims, in this study, we compare the metabolic profiles of Ajwa with different types of dates collected from Saudi Arabia and Tunisia. We show by UHPLC-MS that date seeds contain several classes of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acid derivatives, including citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and hydroxyadipic acid. Additionally, GC–MS profiling showed that date seeds are richer in metabolite classes, such as hydrocinnamic acids (caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids), than flesh samples. Deglet N fruit extract (minimum inhibitory concentration: 27 MIC/μM) and Sukkari fruit extract (IC₅₀: 479±0.58μg /mL) have higher levels of antibacterial and antioxidative activity than Ajwa fruits. However, the seed analysis showed that seed extracts have better bioactivity effects than fruit extracts. Specifically, Ajwa extract showed the best MIC and strongest ABTS radical-scavenging activity among examined seed extracts (minimum inhibitory concentration: 20 μM; IC₅₀: 54±3.61μg /mL). Our assays are a starting point for more advanced in vitro antibacterial models and investigation into the specific molecules that are responsible for the antioxidative and anti-bacterial activities of dates.

关键词: Metabolomics, GC–MS, UHPLC-MS, NMR, Date palm, Phytochemicals

Shuruq Alsuhaymi, Upendra Singh, Inas Al-Younis, Najeh M. Kharbatia, Ali Haneef, Kousik Chandra, Manel Dhahri, Mohammed A. Assiri, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Mariusz Jaremko. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR[J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2023, 13(6): 44-44.

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Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR

Untargeted metabolomics analysis of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars using MS and NMR

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