Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Poplar Seedlings

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.04.011

Abstract

Abstract:

This study adopted a two-factor （cultivar and waterlogging） completely randomized design to elucidate the responses of poplar trees to waterlogging stress. One-year-old seedlings of five main poplar cultivars-Populus deltoides ‘Xianglin 90’（XL90）， P. deltoides ‘Jianghuai No.1’（JH1）， P. deltoides ‘Wanlin No.1’（WL1）， P. deltoides ‘Zhonghe 1’（2025）， and P. deltoides ‘Nanyang 1’（Juba）-were subjected to three treatments： normal irrigation（CK）， shallow waterlogging（DSY）， and deep waterlogging（GSY）. Growth indices and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were systematically measured， and the carbon（C）， nitrogen（N）， and phosphorus（P） contents as well as their stoichiometric ratios in leaves， stems， and roots were analyzed. The results showed that waterlogging stress significantly reduced the survival rate of all cultivars and inhibited the growth of tree height and basal diameter. Significant differences in waterlogging tolerance were observed among the cultivars： XL90 exhibited a relatively higher survival rate（67%） and better growth performance under GSY； Juba showed the highest survival rate（83%） under DSY but was sensitive to GSY； JH1， WL1， and 2025 experienced severe growth inhibition under both waterlogging treatments， and their mean growth parameters under DSY might be biased by individual variation due to low survival rates. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis showed that the GSY treatment significantly decreased the actual photochemical efficiency（Φ_PSⅡ） and photochemical quenching coefficient（q_P） in all cultivars， whereas q_P under DSY did not decrease significantly compared with CK. Waterlogging stress significantly altered the C， N， and P contents in various organs， manifested by increased leaf C content， decreased leaf N content（except for WL1）， and increased N content in stems and roots. Except for JH1， the P content in roots showed an increasing trend. Stoichiometric analysis indicated that for most cultivars， leaf C∶N and N∶P ratios were changed significantly with increasing waterlogging intensity， while the response of C∶P exhibited clearly cultivar-specific difference. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that the waterlogging tolerance of the five poplar cultivars was ranked as XL90>Juba>2025>JH1>WL1. This study elucidated the mechanisms underlying cultivar differences in responding to waterlogging stress from the perspectives of photosynthetic physiology and ecological stoichiometry.

Key words: waterlogging stress, poplar, chlorophyll fluorescence, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, ecological stoichiometry

CLC Number:

Q945.11

Junlong LIU, Hui SUN, Zhongneng WU, Tingting MIAO, Nannan Song, Xiaohua SU, Changjun DING. Effects of Waterlogging Stress on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Poplar Seedlings[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(4): 700-711.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 2

Effects of waterlogging treatments on carbon， nitrogen， and phosphorus mass fraction in the organs of poplar varieties

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	叶Leaf			茎Stem			根Root
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	ω（C）	ω（N）	ω（P）	ω（C）	ω（N）	ω（P）	ω（C）	ω（N）	ω（P）
XL90	GSY	427.67±5.36^Ba	21.87±0.32^Cb	1.75±0.02^Cc	419.00±10.41^Aa	8.29±0.73^Bb	1.32±0.16^ABa	431.00±2.65^ABa	6.58±0.20^Aa	1.15±0.02^Aa
	DSY	430.33±2.19^Aa	30.80±0.30^Aa	2.68±0.01^Aa	428.33±2.96^Ba	11.60±0.12^Aa	1.51±0.03^Ba	436.33±6.36^Aa	5.83±0.18^Ab	0.88±0.03^Ab
	CK	405.67±2.85^Bb	32.37±1.32^Aa	2.11±0.02^Ab	426.33±2.19^Aa	9.52±0.06^Ab	1.61±0.01^Ba	436.00±2.65^Aa	5.91±0.09^Ab	0.94±0.01^Ab
江1	GSY	442.33±1.86^Aa	26.07±0.09^Bb	2.02±0.01^Bb	464.67±48.67^Aa	9.15±0.35^Ba	1.42±0.03^ABb	419.67±0.88^Cc	5.16±0.08^Ba	0.87±0.01^Db
	DSY	440.33±3.33^Aa	24.23±0.26^Cc	2.12±0.01^Ca	425.33±1.67^Ba	8.11±0.24^Cb	1.49±0.02^Bb	440.67±3.28^Aa	4.74±0.27^Bab	0.78±0.02^Bc
	CK	385.00±3.21^Db	27.30±0.21^Ba	1.95±0.01^Bc	428.33±0.33^Aa	8.60±0.25^Bab	1.67±0.03^Aa	429.67±1.45^ABb	4.48±0.05^Bb	0.92±0.00^Ba
皖1	GSY	435.33±1.33^ABa	30.73±0.12^Aa	2.87±0.01^Aa	414.00±3.21^Aa	11.70±0.42^Aa	1.52±0.04^Ab	433.00±1.00^Aab	6.48±0.03^Aa	0.97±0.02^Ba
	DSY	429.00±4.36^Aa	25.63±0.66^Bb	2.41±0.03^Bb	427.33±1.33^Ba	9.79±0.36^Bb	1.64±0.03^Aa	437.33±2.73^Aa	4.81±0.35^Bb	0.91±0.04^Aab
	CK	397.00±1.15^BCb	22.20±0.06^Cc	1.52±0.02^Dc	405.00±49.05^Aa	6.53±0.15^CDc	1.51±0.01^Cb	429.33±0.67^Bb	3.77±0.07^CDc	0.87±0.01^Cb
2025	GSY	427.67±2.40^Ba	16.00±0.06^Ec	1.53±0.01^Ec	420.00±4.51^Ab	6.89±0.12^Cb	1.37±0.01^ABa	433.33±2.03^Aa	4.42±0.12^Ca	0.86±0.00^Da
	DSY	430.00±4.16^Aa	22.80±0.12^Db	2.13±0.01^Ca	427.67±1.86^Bb	11.73±0.20^Aa	1.32±0.02^Cb	435.67±0.88^Aa	4.45±0.15^Ba	0.76±0.01^Bb
	CK	417.67±3.76^Aa	26.57±0.30^Ba	1.72±0.01^Cb	445.00±6.25^Aa	6.61±0.13^Cb	1.03±0.00^Dc	426.67±2.33^Bb	3.83±0.05^Cb	0.61±0.00^Dc
巨霸	GSY	444.67±0.88^Aa	19.77±0.24^Dc	1.67±0.00^Db	426.00±1.15^Aa	6.17±0.19^Ca	1.21±0.01^Bb	422.33±5.36^BCa	4.52±0.24^Ca	0.92±0.02^Ca
	DSY	434.00±3.06^Ab	21.70±0.15^Db	1.71±0.01^Da	438.33±2.40^Aa	6.66±0.21^Da	1.16±0.02^Db	433.67±0.33^Aa	4.04±0.15^Bab	0.89±0.01^Aa
	CK	390.67±3.33^CDc	22.77±0.44^Ca	1.38±0.00^Ec	417.67±18.32^Aa	6.11±0.04^Da	1.58±0.01^Ba	427.00±2.31^Ba	3.57±0.05^Db	0.90±0.00^Ba

Table 2

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

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杨树品种 Poplar variety	处理 Treatment	树高相对增长率 Relative growth rate of tree height/%	地径相对增长率 Relative growth rate of ground diameter/%	成活率 Survival rate/%
XL90	GSY	32.02±5.06^de	24.19±3.88^de	67
	DSY	19.88±7.05^def	13.21±6.66^ef	17
	CK	40.87±9.37^cd	41.21±18.12^cd	100
江1	GSY	10.73±5.58^ef	3.17±5.72^ef	33
	DSY	7.51±6.78^f	0.09±4.26^f	17
	CK	90.82±10.13^a	70.55±8.98^ab	100
皖1	GSY	18.55±5.86^def	14.58±4.28^ef	17
	DSY	10.46±4.05^ef	12.95±5.67^ef	33
	CK	81.50±14.81^ab	88.28±11.35^a	100
2025	GSY	26.72±7.43^def	22.49±7.31^def	17
	DSY	17.05±4.83^def	15.69±5.10^ef	33
	CK	75.40±14.05^ab	55.39±7.16^bc	100
巨霸	GSY	18.85±5.54^def	14.40±6.55^ef	17
	DSY	26.76±8.72^def	15.34±5.26^ef	83
	CK	60.99±11.00^bc	53.05±11.17^bc	100