Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenol Extracts from Ten Lily Bulbs and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.02.016

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study， 10 lily species collected from 30 areas were used as materials to determine the polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in lily bulbs by colorimetry， and the contents of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium in lily bulbs and soils were determined by Kjeldahl method and atomic absorption spectrometry method， respectively. The environmental conditions of collection areas were investigated to explore the application prospect of wild lily in the development of antioxidant functional foods. This work provided the reference for further development of lily resources. The results showed that the contents of polyphenols， flavonoids， total flavanols and total anthocyanins in 10 lily bulbs collected from 30 areas were significantly different（P<0.05）. The content of polyphenols in bulbs of the same lily species collected from different areas were significantly different（P<0.05）， indicating the differences in lily quality of provenances among the ecological regions. There were significant differences in DPPH radical scavenging ability， copper ion reduction ability， metal chelation ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of 10 lily bulb extracts（P<0.05）， and the antioxidant ability of polyphenol extracts from wild lily bulb was better than that from cultivated Lilium davidii var. unicolor. The antioxidant activity of polyphenol extracts from the same lily bulbs collected from different areas were significantly different（P<0.05）， which indicated that the antioxidant capacity of lily origin was obviously “authentic”. The contents of N， P and K in 10 lily bulbs were significantly different（P<0.05）， and the contents of N， P and K in soils collected from collection areas were significantly different（P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed significant or extremely significant correlations between polyphenols content and copper ion reduction ability， DPPH free radical scavenging ability and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of lily bulbs. Polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of 10 lily bulbs were correlated with environmental factors to different extents. The environmental factors of the collection areas had different effects on the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of lily bulbs， the annual precipitation and annual average temperature were dominant factors. The polyphenols content was significantly positively correlated with the annual minimum temperature， annual precipitation and annual average temperature（P<0.05）. The total anthocyanins content was significantly positively correlated with annual average temperature and wind speed（P<0.05）. The comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant properties of lily polyphenols by using the functional analysis showed that the antioxidant quality of wild lily bulbs was better than that of traditional edible L. davidii var. unicolor. Among them， L. sargentiae in Xinhua Village， Yanjing Township， Baoxing County， Sichuan Province， L. leucanthum in Hongyang Township， Zhenping County， Shaanxi Province and L. lancifolium in Chengguan Town， Ganggao County， Shaanxi Province showed the best comprehensive performances， the bulb extracts of lily species could be used as natural antioxidants for development and utilization.

Key words: lily, bulbs, polyphenols, antioxidation, environmental factors

CLC Number:

Q945

Xiangchen MA, Ping ZHANG, Yuxin CHEN, Lei JIN. Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenol Extracts from Ten Lily Bulbs and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(2): 315-328.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Collection areas of different lily species

编号 No.	种名 Species	采集地点 Collection area	东经 East longitude/（°）	北纬 North latitude/（°）	海拔 Altitude/m
L₁	山丹百合	陕西延安市富县直罗镇	108.970 0	35.997 5	1 140
L₂		甘肃天水市甘谷县大庄乡	105.299 3	34.740 7	1 252
L₃		宁夏固原市泾源县新民乡	106.409 8	35.332 7	2 053
L₄		宁夏固原市西吉县火石寨乡	105.754 7	36.107 3	2 185
L₅		宁夏固原市隆德县山河乡车轮沟	106.226 9	35.441 8	2 351
L₆		宁夏吴忠市红寺堡区罗山自然保护区	106.283 3	37.274 8	2 313
L₇		宁夏银川市镇北堡滚钟口	105.932 2	38.606 9	1 510
L₈		内蒙古阿拉善盟巴彦浩特镇南寺	105.804 5	38.660 3	1 974
L₉		内蒙古呼和浩特市大青山	111.985 2	40.984 7	1 414
L₁₀		山西吕梁市交城县庞泉沟自然保护区	111.453 1	37.800 2	1 794
L₁₁		山西太原市娄烦县马家庄	111.630 8	37.994 5	1 537
L₁₂		河北保定市顺平县大悲乡	144.908 9	38.982 3	263
L₁₃		河北张家口市围场县老窝铺镇石人梁村	117.096 4	42.090 4	1 395
L₁₄		河南三门峡市卢氏县文峪乡	111.104 5	34.021 2	815
L₁₅		辽宁铁岭市开原市下肥镇	124.411 5	42.269 0	290
L₁₆		黑龙江大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县合发村	124.182 6	46.407 9	153
L₁₇	卷丹百合	陕西安康市岗皋县城关镇	108.906 5	32.303 1	570
L₁₈		陕西咸阳市杨陵区	108.076 4	34.267 0	460
L₁₉		甘肃天水市甘谷县大庄乡	105.378 5	34.985 7	1 837
L₂₀		河南三门峡市卢氏县文峪乡	111.098 7	34.018 3	803
L₂₁	川百合	四川雅安市宝兴县硗碛乡	102.587 6	30.590 6	1 965
L₂₂	川百合	四川雅安市泸定县兴隆乡	102.304 9	29.733 5	1 830
L₂₃	泸定百合	四川雅安市宝兴县城关镇	102.834 8	30.377 6	936
L₂₄	泸定百合	四川雅安市宝兴县盐井乡新华村	102.862 2	30.472 4	1 244
L₂₅	野百合	陕西安康市镇坪县曙坪镇双坪乡	109.457 1	31.844 8	1 187
L₂₆	宝兴百合	四川雅安市泸定县兴隆乡	102.304 9	29.733 4	1828
L₂₇	宜昌百合	陕西安康市镇坪县洪阳乡云雾村	109.571 7	32.179 6	727
L₂₈	淡黄花百合	四川雅安市泸定县兴隆乡	102.304 7	29.733 4	1 812
L₂₉	尖被百合	四川雅安市宝兴县夹金山风景名胜区	102.707 9	30.856 0	3 548
L₃₀	兰州百合	宁夏固原市隆德县温堡乡	105.993 5	35.472 9	1 903

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 4

References 40

1	焦灏琳.几种野生百合酚类物质与抗氧化活性研究［D］.杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2014.
	JIAO H L.Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of bulb extracts of seven wild Lilium species in China［D］.Yangling：Northwest A&F University，2014.
2	王润丰，牛立新，张延龙，等.野生卷丹百合黄酮类化合物抗氧化能力的研究［J］.西北农业学报，2011，20（11）：152-155，187.
	WANG R F， NIU L X， ZHANG Y L，et al.Antioxidant ability of flavonoids from wild Lilium lancifolium ［J］.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica，2011，20（11）：152-155，187.
3	SEIQUER I， RUEDA A， OLALLA M，et al.Assessing the bioavailability of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of extra virgin argan oil by simulated digestion and Caco-2 cell assays.Comparative study with extra virgin olive oil［J］.Food Chemistry，2015，188：496-503.
4	MASUOKA N， MATSUDA M， KUBO I.Characterisation of the antioxidant activity of flavonoids［J］.Food Chemistry，2012，131（2）：541-545.
5	茅云枫，李枝林，段青，等.4种百合营养成分的差异性研究［J］.云南农业大学学报（自然科学），2017，32（2）：366-370
	MAO Y F， LI Z L， DUAN Q，et al.Study on the differences of nutrients in four species of Lilium ［J］.Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University（Natural Science），2017，32（2）：366-370.
6	HOU R R， CHEN J， YUE C J，et al.Modification of lily polysac-charide by selenylation and the immune-enhancing activity［J］. Carbohydrate Polymers，2016，142（1）：73-81.
7	HUANG J H， ZHOU R R， HE D，et al.Rapid identification of Lilium species and polysaccharide contents based on near infrared spectroscopy and weighted partial least square method［J］.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2020，154：182-187.
8	周丹蓉，方智振，叶新福，等.李果实中多酚含量及其抗氧化能力研究［J］.园艺学报，2017，44（3）：422–430.
	ZHOU D R， FANG Z Z， YE X F，et al.Concentration and antioxidant capacity of polyphenol from plum cultivars［J］.Acta Horticulturae Sinica，2017，44（3）：422-430.
9	靳磊，张瑞军，雅蓉，等.岷江百合与兰州百合鳞茎中多酚组分及其生物活性［J］.食品工业科技，2018，39（10）：22-27.
	JIN L， ZHANG R J，YA R，et al.Polyphenolic compositions and their bioactivity in the bulb of Lilium regale and L.davidii var.unicolor ［J］.Science and Technology of Food Industry，2018，39（10）：22-27.
10	尹艳艳，张健，陆伦维，等.刺梨多酚类物质研究进展［J］.食品与机械，2024，40（1）：234-240.
	YIN Y Y， ZHANG J， LU L W，et al.Research progress on polyphenols in chestnut rose fruit［J］.Food & Machinery，2024，40（1）：234-240.
11	LI S X， BAO F Y， CUI Y.Immunoregulatory activities of the selenylated polysaccharides of Lilium davidii var.unicolor Salisb in vitro and in vivo ［J］.International Immunopharmacology，2021，94：107445.
12	李小伟，张宏涛，张泽婧.西藏沙棘叶片黄酮含量与生态因子的相关性［J］.生态环境学报，2018，27（2）：239-245.
	LI X W， ZHANG H T， ZHANG Z J.The relation between contents of flavonoids in leaves of Hippophae tibetana Schlecht. and ecological factors［J］.Ecology and Environmental Sciences，2018，27（2）：239-245.
13	KAWAGISHI K， MIURA T.Growth characteristics and effect of nitrogen and potassium topdressing on thickening growth of bulbs in spring-planted edible lily［J］.Japanese Journal of Crop Science，1996，65（1）：51-57.
14	卜虎柏，王云霞，张萍，等.磷钾肥配施对卷丹百合鳞茎活性成分积累的影响［J］.农业科学研究，2023，44（2）：12-18.
	BU H B， WANG Y X， ZHANG P，et al.Effects of combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the accumulation of active components in Lilium lancifolium bulbs［J］.Journal of Agricultural Sciences，2023，44（2）：12-18.
15	隆世良，蒋宇，郑绍伟，等.岷江上游干旱河谷野生百合资源分布与繁殖力比较［J］.四川林业科技，2018，39（2）：61-64.
	LONG S L， JIANG Y， ZHENG S W，et al.Comparison of resource distribution and fertility of wild lilies in dry valleys of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River［J］.Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology，2018，39（2）：61-64.
16	NATALIA C， DAMIÁN P， SONIA M，et al.Bi-functionalized mesostructured silicas as reversed-phase/strong anion-exchange sorbents.Application to extraction of polyphenols prior to their quantitation by UHPLC with ion-trap mass spectrometry detection［J］.Microchimica Acta，2019，186（3）：164.
17	WULANDARI L， KRISTININGRUM N， RATNASARI A F.Rapid determination of total phenol in leaf extracts of a medicinal plant using infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods［J］.Journal of Analytical Chemistry，2020，75（4）：479-486.
18	KURKIN A V， MOROZOVA V T， PRAVDIVTSEVA E O，et al.Quantitative determination of total flavonoids in blood-red hawthorn leaves［J］.Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal，2019，52（10）：850-854.
19	NASER G， BAHMAN H， ABOLFAZL A.Classification of barberry genotypes by multivariate analysis of biochemical constituents and HPLC profiles［J］.Phytochemical Analysis，2019，30（4）：385-394.
20	PURBANINGTIAS T E， APRILIA A C， FAUZI’AH L.The study of temperature and UV light effect in anthocyanin extract from dragon fruit （Hylocereus costaricensis） rind using UV-visible spectrophotometer［J］.AIP Conference Proceedings，2017，1911（1）：020014.
21	ARA I J， HEMAYET M H， SHAHIN K A，et al.Antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera seed extracts［J］.Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine，2018，18（4）：299-307.
22	AKYUZ E， SEN F B， BENER M，et al.Protein-protected gold nanocluster-based biosensor for determining the prooxidant activity of natural antioxidant compounds［J］.Acs Omega，2019，4（1）：2455-2462.
23	SALAJ N， KLADAR N V， SRENOVI B，et al.Stabilization of sunflower and olive oils with savory （Satureja kitaibelii，Lamiaceae）［J］.Journal of Food and Nutrition Research，2020，59（3）：259-271.
24	ZHOU H， ZHU H X， XUE F，et al.Cellulose-based amphoteric adsorbent for the complete removal of low-level heavy metal ions via a specialization and cooperation mechanism［J］.Chemical Engineering Journal，2019，385：123879.
25	秦琳，黄世群，仲伶俐，等.杜马斯燃烧法和凯氏定氮法在土壤全氮检测中的比较研究［J］.中国土壤与肥料，2020（4）：258-265.
	QIN L， HUANG S Q， ZHONG L L，et al.Comparison of Dumas combustion and Kjeldahl methods for determining total nitrogen content in soil［J］.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences，2020（4）：258-265.
26	王頔.产铀矿石硅酸盐全分析中铁对五氧化二磷的干扰校正方法［J］.岩矿测试，2021，40（5）：783-792.
	WANG D.Corrected method for interference of iron on P₂O₅ during complete silicate analysis in uranium-producing ore［J］.Rock and Mineral Analysis，2021，40（5）：783-792.
27	马福林，王微芝，张淑琴，等.火焰光度法快速测定钾肥中的钾含量［J］.磷肥与复肥，2017，32（2）：45-47.
	MA F L， WANG W Z， ZHANG S Q，et al.Rapid determination of potassium in potash fertilizer by flame photometric method［J］.Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer，2017，32（2）：45-47.
28	李娜，尹春淼，屠人凤.样品存放条件对土壤中碱解氮含量测定值的影响［J］.安徽农学通报，2021，27（9）：102-104.
	LI N， YIN C M， TU R F.Effect of sample preservation on the measured content of soil effective nitrogen［J］.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin，2021，27（9）：102-104.
29	耿婷婷，蔡五田，刘金巍，等.土壤测试仪在污染场地对比研究［J］.环境科学与技术，2017，40（）：261-263.
	GENG T T， CAI W T， LIU J W，et al.Soil testing instrument in the comparative study of contaminated sites［J］.Environmental Science & Technology，2017，40（Sup.2）：261-263.
30	贾民隆，张晓纲，梁峥，等.20个不同品系萱草的耐旱性筛选与评价［J］.种子，2021，40（6）：90-95.
	JIA M L， ZHANG X G， LIANG Z，et al.Screening and evaluation of drought tolerance of 20 different Hemerocallis lines［J］.Seed，2021，40（6）：90-95.
31	王煜伟，尹卫，李琳琳，等.紫皮大蒜营养成分与活性成分的分析比较［J］.食品研究与开发，2022，43（20）：102-109.
	WANG Y W， YIN W， LI L L，et al.Comparison of nutritional components and active components in purple garlic［J］.Food Research and Development，2022，43（20）：102-109.
32	刘洋旋，吕庆云，党允卓，等.响应面法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取葛根中黄酮及其抗氧化分析［J］.食品科技，2021，46（11）：195-202.
	LIU Y X， LÜ Q Y， DANG Y Z，et al.Optimization of ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction and antioxidant activity of puerarin from Pueraria lobata root by response surface methodology［J］.Food Science and Technology，2021，46（11）：195-202.
33	黄雨，王璐璐，李佳欣，等.10个叶菜型甘薯品种茎尖总黄酮质量分数及其稳定性的分析与评价［J］.西南师范大学学报（自然科学版），2021，46（10）：51-57.
	HUANG Y， WANG L L， LI J X，et al.Analysis and evaluation of total flavonoids and their stability in shoot-tips of ten leaf-vegetable sweet potato varieties［J］.Journal of Southwest China Normal University（Natural Science Edition），2021，46（10）：51-57.
34	房一明，李瑞，贺书珍，等.可可加工中黄烷醇物质组成变化及抗氧化活性分析［J］.热带作物学报，2021，42（9）：2696-2703.
	FANG Y M， LI R， HE S Z，et al.Analysis of flavanol compounds changes and antioxidant activity of cocoa bean during processing［J］.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops，2021，42（9）：2696-2703.
35	陈两绵，邹芳艳，刘晓谦，等.3种检测方法比较忍冬药用和非药用部位的抗氧化活性［J］.世界中医药，2021，16（17）：2513-2519.
	CHEN L M， ZOU F Y， LIU X Q，et al.Comparison of antioxidant activities between the medicinal parts and non-medicinal parts of Lonicera japonica by three test methods［J］.World Chinese Medicine，2021，16（17）：2513-2519.
36	张娜娜，刘建林，郭欣欣，等.不同品种马铃薯花色苷提取物的种类鉴定及其抗氧化作用［J］.食品科技，2022，47（2）：232-238.
	ZHANG N N， LIU J L， GUO X X，et al.Identification of anthocyanins extract from a variety of potato and their antioxidant activities［J］.Food Science and Technology，2022，47（2）：232-238.
37	徐倩，孙泽晨，龙月，等.3种百合属植物鳞茎甲醇提取物中酚类物质抗氧化活性及黄酮类及相关化合物的组成和代谢分析［J］.植物资源与环境学报，2022， 31（1）：42-52.
	XU Q， SUN Z C， LONG Y，et al.Analyses on antioxidant activity in phenolics and composition and metabolism of flavonoids and related compounds in methanol extracts from bulbs of three Lilium species［J］.Journal of Plant Resources and Environment，2022，31（1）：42-52.
38	张瑞军，张萍，雅蓉，等.四川野生百合不同部位多酚与抗氧化活性的相关性［J］.湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版），2021，47（2）：191-196.
	ZHANG R J， ZHANG P，YA R，et al.Correlation between polyphenols and antioxidant activity in different parts of wild Lilium in Sichuan［J］.Journal of Hunan Agricultural University（Natural Sciences），2021，47（2）：191-196.
39	TANG Y C， LIU Y J， HE G R，et al.Comprehensive analysis of secondary metabolites in the extracts from different lily bulbs and their antioxidant ability［J］.Antioxidants，2021，10：1634.
40	卢堃，林玉红.兰州百合品质与气候环境因子的相关性分析［J］.农业科技与信息，2023（8）：69-76.
	LU K， LIN Y H.Correlation analysis between the quality of Lanzhou lily and climatic environmental factors［J］.Agricultural Science-Technology and Information，2023（8）：69-76.

编号 No.	速效氮 Available nitrogen	速效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium	编号 No.	速效氮 Available nitrogen	速效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium
L₁	77.18±0.47^o	1.39±0.37^j	250.83±1.44^s	L₁₆	75.31±3.01^o	3.05±1.07^ij	347.83±7.01^o
L₂	110.89±3.74^m	12.10±0.92^e	1 090.30±10.45^b	L₁₇	52.36±4.68^p	24.66±2.05^c	541.80±3.12^k
L₃	235.44±2.81^g	3.62±0.70^ij	933.10±5.37^d	L₁₈	44.39±7.93^p	69.30±3.81^a	498.30±10.42^l
L₄	169.44±9.48^j	6.43±1.98^fghi	802.67±4.62^g	L₁₉	87.97±6.79ⁿ	4.90±0.95^ghij	1 009.97±26.48^c
L₅	190.04±5.54ⁱ	4.18±0.34^hij	1 113.73±21.30^b	L₂₀	160.53±3.06^k	54.60±2.70^b	1 337.80±16.81^a
L₆	234.50±1.53^g	2.92±0.68^ij	277.62±23.98^q	L₂₁	331.91±6.10^d	8.14±0.43^fg	334.47±12.64^op
L₇	164.03±3.25^jk	9.61±4.45^ef	642.10±15.82ⁱ	L₂₂	188.16±1.72ⁱ	6.51±0.29^fghi	501.67±2.89^l
L₈	166.60±5.22^jk	3.82±0.91^hij	899.60±10.02^e	L₂₃	258.38±1.59^f	4.42±0.21^ghij	274.23±5.17^qr
L₉	192.37±1.74ⁱ	3.85±0.34^hij	247.50±6.61^s	L₂₄	417.58±2.45^b	7.54±5.56^fgh	461.50±16.18^m
L₁₀	414.32±7.23^b	3.37±0.18^ij	495.00±13.23^l	L₂₅	284.61±1.48^e	6.36±1.63^fghi	374.57±5.06ⁿ
L₁₁	128.22±2.14^l	2.10±0.26^j	468.23±7.51^m	L₂₆	168.95±2.11^jk	6.30±1.00^fghi	461.53±2.66^m
L₁₂	89.36±1.98ⁿ	2.22±0.10^j	267.57±6.69^qrs	L₂₇	495.54±3.69^a	6.62±0.36^fghi	729.07±10.13^h
L₁₃	165.20±2.86^jk	4.89±0.39^ghij	317.73±6.89^p	L₂₈	266.81±1.61^f	20.48±1.84^d	749.17±8.78^h
L₁₄	191.45±7.95ⁱ	12.00±1.62^e	849.50±926^f	L₂₉	367.49±5.49^c	4.18±0.34^hij	565.20±5.01^k
L₁₅	224.67±3.56^h	3.95±0.52^hij	591.97±3.41^j	L₃₀	51.43±0.70^p	19.86±1.01^d	481.60±2.77^lm

编号 No.	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium	编号 No.	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium
L₁	7.45±0.17^g	3.66±0.12^b	8.00±0.03ⁱ	L₁₆	5.09±0.16^ij	1.62±0.12^fgh	8.02±0.03ⁱ
L₂	3.08±0.21^klm	1.78±0.06^fg	9.52±0.03^g	L₁₇	12.90±0.76^d	3.03±0.02^cd	7.22±0.03^j
L₃	1.99±0.37ⁿ	0.37±0.06^mn	4.00±0.02^p	L₁₈	17.14±1.28^a	2.71±0.02^d	26.07±0.08^a
L₄	0.39±0.25^o	3.35±0.04^bc	4.76±0.02^o	L₁₉	5.33±0.10^ij	2.63±0.03^de	8.99±0.48^gh
L₅	15.13±0.95^b	0.39±0.11^mn	7.16±0.03^j	L₂₀	12.78±0.45^d	4.68±0.06^a	10.57±0.04^f
L₆	10.43±0.07^e	1.57±1.32^fghi	15.75±0.44^d	L₂₁	0.62±0.14^o	0.61±0.04^klmn	5.04±0.47^no
L₇	6.04±0.36^hi	0.50±0.02^lmn	5.13±0.48^no	L₂₂	2.26±0.31^lmn	1.24±0.02^ghij	8.55±0.45^hi
L₈	7.00±1.06^gh	1.03±0.09^ijkl	5.57±0.02^mn	L₂₃	9.30±0.24^f	0.64±0.09^klmn	13.71±0.05^e
L₉	0.40±0.25^o	1.11±0.23^hijk	4.81±0.02^o	L₂₄	14.04±0.69^c	2.91±0.13^cd	18.35±0.88^c
L₁₀	9.02±0.17^f	2.84±0.02^cd	6.36±0.03^kl	L₂₅	3.25±0.09^kl	1.31±0.10^ghij	5.66±0.02^mn
L₁₁	15.53±0.20^b	0.17±0.06ⁿ	1.59±0.01^q	L₂₆	3.17±0.15^klm	1.66±0.02^fgh	5.84±0.47^lm
L₁₂	4.86±0.30^j	2.07±0.40^ef	6.31±0.03^kl	L₂₇	0.87±0.57^o	1.80±0.40^fg	9.02±0.48^gh
L₁₃	14.00±0.09^c	1.52±0.05^fghi	24.38±0.43^b	L₂₈	8.51±0.87^f	1.77±0.04^fg	8.02±0.03ⁱ
L₁₄	3.37±0.11^k	0.85±0.06^jklm	4.81±0.02^o	L₂₉	2.19±0.56^mn	0.52±0.04^lmn	6.59±0.47^jk
L₁₅	8.48±0.20^f	1.46±0.03^ghi	9.47±0.03^g	L₃₀	10.66±0.11^e	2.48±0.07^de	6.10±0.45^klm

编号 No.	隶属函数值 Membership function value								综合隶属函数值 Comprehensive membership function value	排名 Ranking
编号 No.	多酚含量 Polyphenols	黄酮含量 Flavonoids	总黄烷醇含量 Total flavanols	总花色苷含量 Total anthocyanin	DPPH自由基清除能力 DPPH free radicals scavenging activity	铜离子还原能力 Copper ion reduction capacity	金属螯合能力 Metal chelating ability	抑制脂质过氧化能力 Lipid peroxidation inhibition ability	综合隶属函数值 Comprehensive membership function value	排名 Ranking
L₁	0.12	0.46	0	0.15	0.36	0.16	0.52	0.05	1.83	29
L₂	0.09	0.08	0.26	0.25	0.66	0.32	0.41	0.83	2.89	14
L₃	0.24	0.46	0	0.33	0.47	0.22	0.38	0.38	2.48	21
L₄	0.06	0.36	0.01	0.18	0.61	0.12	0.67	0.34	2.35	22
L₅	0.07	0.37	0.01	0.15	0.63	0.08	0.66	0.28	2.24	25
L₆	0.13	0.35	0.03	0.17	0.63	0.12	0.63	0.64	2.70	19
L₇	0.21	0.42	0.22	0.24	0.69	0.18	0.66	0.68	3.30	9
L₈	0.30	0.35	0	0.16	0.42	0.12	1.00	0.44	2.78	16
L₉	0.06	0.33	0.14	0.13	0.69	0.09	0.33	0.37	2.14	26
L₁₀	0.32	0.42	0.05	0.27	0.73	0.29	0.45	0.29	2.85	15
L₁₁	0.10	0.38	0.08	0.16	0.54	0.16	0.37	0.07	1.86	28
L₁₂	0.37	0.20	0.18	0.26	0.71	0.33	0.41	1.00	3.46	8
L₁₃	0.15	0	0	0.10	0.44	0.45	0.40	0.35	1.91	27
L₁₄	0.19	0.25	0.11	0.26	0.64	0.30	0.27	0.93	2.94	12
L₁₅	0.07	0.34	1.00	0.19	0	0.19	0.33	0.19	2.30	23
L₁₆	0.20	0.16	0.10	0	0.59	0.52	0.65	0.87	3.09	10
L₁₇	0.17	0.20	0.06	0.16	0.67	2.28	0.52	0.94	5.01	3
L₁₈	0.57	0.74	0.22	0.36	0.62	0.53	0.72	0.88	4.65	4
L₁₉	0.26	0.30	0.06	0.15	0.71	0.32	0.35	0.88	3.02	11
L₂₀	0.49	0.37	0.23	0.63	0.77	0.59	0.68	0.77	4.53	6
L₂₁	0.30	0.53	0	0.19	0.57	0.32	0.27	0.72	2.89	13
L₂₂	0.16	0.45	0.06	0.03	0.59	0.19	0.29	0.49	2.26	24
L₂₃	0.23	0.42	0.07	0.13	0.50	0.26	0.23	0.72	2.57	20
L₂₄	1.00	1.00	0.11	0.25	0.89	0.81	0.62	0.80	5.48	1
L₂₅	0	0.04	0.10	0.41	0.54	0.23	0.74	0.67	2.74	18
L₂₆	0.36	0.43	0.15	0.06	0.37	0.34	0.81	0.24	2.76	17
L₂₇	0.70	0.83	0.17	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.21	0.19	5.09	2
L₂₈	0.57	0.54	0.05	0.18	0.75	0.55	0.29	0.80	3.72	7
L₂₉	0.46	0.72	0.66	0.37	0.66	0.37	0.67	0.70	4.62	5
L₃₀	0.09	0.19	0	0.27	0.26	0	0	0	0.82	30

[1]	Jiaying TANG, Jinkun ZHANG, Jiwen HU, Fude WANG, Peiyao XIN, Wenjun MA. Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Natural Herbaceous Peony Populations in Great Khingan Mountains [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(2): 299-314.
[2]	Yuxin YAN, Meijun HE, Yu LI, Xiaoman YUAN, Xuhui TAN, Ming CHENG, Kai LUO, Lujing LIAO. Whitening and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf Polysaccharide from Dendrobium officinale [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(1): 111-118.
[3]	Yuping QIU, Yichuan WANG, Hongwei GUO. Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanism of Plant Root Hair Development [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(3): 321-332.
[4]	Yuan GAO, Wen-Xin XING, Hui-Mei WANG. Macroporous Resin Purifying Polyphenols from Empetrum nigrum Aerial Parts [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2021, 41(4): 626-632.
[5]	LIU Min-Xia, LI Li-Rong, CHE Ying-Di, JIAO Jiao. Functional Traits of Plant Leaves at Different Succession Stages in Alpine Meadow [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(5): 760-769.
[6]	ZHANG Li-Fan, XUE Yu, WANG Yan, YANG Guang-Xin, YANG Guang, DI Xue-Ying. External Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(3): 458-465.
[7]	DUAN Yi-Zhong, DU Zhong-Yu, KANG Fu-Ren. Community Characteristics of Endangered Plant of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus to Environmental Factors in Northwest Arid Area of China [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2018, 38(6): 834-842.
[8]	HAN Shu-Ting, TIAN Gui-Quan, HAN Shu-Mei. Species Diversity of Ground Bryophyte Communities in Different Vegetation in Daqinggou National Nature Reserve [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(5): 664-672.
[9]	DI Xue-Ying, JIA Shu-Han, XUE Yu, YANG Guang, ZHAO Bo, WENG Yue-Tai. Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Cronartium orientale Aeciospores in vitro [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(4): 628-634.
[10]	WU Jie, ZHAO Yu-Ping, HE Xiang-Feng, WANG Wen-He, LENG Ping-Sheng, ZHANG Ke-Zhong. Cytological Study on Microspore Abortion in OT Hybrid Lily Cultivars ‘Cocossa’ [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2017, 37(1): 15-22.
[11]	ZAN Peng, ZHANG Lin, ZU Yuan-Gang, YANG Lei, CONG Ying. Anti-inflammation and Antibacterial Activity of Polyphenols in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Fruit [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(6): 955-960.
[12]	HUNG Wen-Juan, JIAO Pei-Pei, HUANG Jin-Hua, ZHANG Dan. Leaf Anatomical Structure of Populus euphratica in Tarim River Basin [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2016, 36(5): 669-675.
[13]	YANG Liu-Yan1,2；WANG Yu-Bing3；ZHANG Yong-Chun1,2；SUN Yi1,2. Sporogenesis and Gametogenesis of Calla Lily(Zantedeschia hybrids*) [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2015, 35(4): 504-508.
[14]	ZAN Zhi-Hui；GAO Yan-Mei；SUN Mo-Long. Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Tannic in Juglans mandshurica Maxim. [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2015, 35(3): 431-435.
[15]	GAO Yin-Xiang1,2；ZU Yuan-Gang1；YANG Feng-Jian1；YU Xue-Ying1；YAO Li-Ping1. Distribution and Accumulating Regularity of Secondary Metabolites in Helianthus annuus* L. [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2014, 34(6): 782-786.