Optimal Germination Temperature of Tree Seeds with Different Primary Dormancy Types and Their Responses to Thermal Dormancy Induction

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.009

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the optimal germination temperature conditions of tree seeds with different primary dormancy types and their responses to thermal dormancy induction， the seeds of nine different tree species with three primary dormancy types （non-dormancy， physical dormancy and physiological dormancy） were used as materials for germination tests at 5， 10， 15， 20， 25， 30 and 35 ℃， respectively， and an appropriate germination temperature was determined according to seed germination performance. On this basis， the seeds were cultured at 25， 30 and 35 ℃ and transferred to the appropriate germination temperature for 14 days. The response of different primary dormancy types of seeds to thermal dormancy induction was compared according to seed germination performance. The results showed certain differences in an optimal germination temperature of seeds with different primary dormancy types. The optimal germination temperature for non-dormant seeds （Picea koraiensis， Larix principis-rupprechtii， and Pinus thunbergii） was in a range of 10-25 ℃， for physically dormant seeds （Gleditsia japonica， Robinia pseudoacacia， and Amorpha fruticosa） was in a range of 10-35 ℃， for physiologically dormant seeds （Pinus tabuliformis， Fraxinus rhynchophylla， and Pyrus ussuriensis） was in a range of 5-30 ℃. High temperatures inhibited germination in most seeds. Only the physiologically dormant P. ussuriensis seeds entered thermal dormancy under high temperatures （with dormancy rates of 80%-86%）， while the other physiologically dormant seeds （P. tabuliformis and F. rhynchophylla） had higher mortality rates （46%-69%）. Non-dormant seeds had higher mortality rates （56%-100%）， while physically dormant seeds had lower mortality rates （24%-64%）. Physically dormant seeds had germination rates of 36%-76% at high temperatures of 25-35 ℃. Non-dormant and physically dormant seeds did not enter thermal dormancy under high temperatures， while the response of physiologically dormant seeds to thermal dormancy under high temperatures was inconsistent.

Key words: seed, primary dormancy, dormancy type, germination temperature, thermal dormancy

CLC Number:

Q945.35

Zhe WANG, Mingyue LI, Meiru ZHU, Peng ZHANG. Optimal Germination Temperature of Tree Seeds with Different Primary Dormancy Types and Their Responses to Thermal Dormancy Induction[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(4): 569-579.

Figures/Tables 7

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References 41

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种名 Species	发芽温度 Germination temperature/℃	发芽率 Germination percentage/%	发芽指数 Germination index
红皮云杉 Picea koraiensis	5	0^d	0^c
	10	51.00±4.12^b	0.83±0.09^b
	15	65.00±1.91^a	1.29±0.05^a
	20	60.00±3.65^a	1.38±0.12^a
	25	29.00±5.00^c	0.82±0.17^b
	30	6.00±2.00^d	0.17±0.06^c
	35	0^d	0^c
华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii	5	0^d	0^d
	10	8.00±1.63^d	0.11±0.03^d
	15	45.00±4.43^b	0.78±0.12^c
	20	49.00±4.73^b	1.15±0.16^b
	25	65.00±1.91^a	1.82±0.13^a
	30	31.00±3.79^c	0.96±0.15^bc
	35	0^d	0^d
黑松 Pinus thunbergii	5	0^d	0^e
	10	0^d	0^e
	15	47.00±5.26^b	0.69±0.09^c
	20	72.00±1.63^a	1.34±0.01^a
	25	44.00±2.83^b	0.99±0.11^b
	30	13.00±2.52^c	0.31±0.07^d
	35	1.00±1.00^d	0.03±0.03^e

种名 Species	发芽温度 Germination temperature/℃	发芽率 Germination percentage/%	发芽指数 Germination index
山皂荚 Gleditsia japonica	5	0^d	0^c
	10	85.00±2.52^a	3.36±0.09^a
	15	88.00±4.32^a	3.60±0.17^a
	20	72.00±2.83^b	3.09±0.12^a
	25	73.00±5.26^b	3.24±0.24^a
	30	65.00±4.43^b	3.20±0.23^a
	35	36.00±1.63^c	2.38±0.14^b
刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia	5	0^d	0^d
	10	77.00±2.52^b	3.48±0.19^c
	15	95.00±3.00^a	6.90±0.37^a
	20	79.00±1.91^b	5.75±0.10^ab
	25	76.00±6.93^b	6.06±0.50^a
	30	72.00±7.12^bc	6.43±0.73^a
	35	61.00±6.61^c	4.51±0.68^bc
紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa	5	0^e	0^d
	10	70.00±5.77^bc	3.13±0.25^bc
	15	96.00±1.63^a	5.93±0.29^a
	20	78.00±2.58^b	5.72±0.42^a
	25	60.00±4.00^cd	3.88±0.26^b
	30	52.00±7.12^d	3.12±0.45^bc
	35	46.00±7.02^d	2.75±0.50^c

种名 Species	发芽温度 Germination temperature/℃	发芽率 Germination percentage/%	发芽指数 Germination index
油松 Pinus tabuliformis	5	48.00±3.27^c	1.61±0.11^b
	10	46.00±3.46^c	1.53±0.14^bc
	15	69.00±3.00^b	2.48±0.12^a
	20	74.00±3.46^ab	2.84±0.21^a
	25	84.00±5.42^a	2.91±0.23^a
	30	38.00±4.16^cd	1.32±0.10^bc
	35	31.00±4.12^d	1.09±0.15^c
花曲柳 Fraxinus rhynchophylla	5	12.00±3.65^d	0.14±0.05^e
	10	24.00±6.53^cd	0.67±0.29^de
	15	37.00±2.52^c	1.25±0.27^cd
	20	64.00±6.73^b	2.28±0.37^ab
	25	88.00±3.27^a	2.79±0.20^a
	30	54.00±3.83^b	2.10±0.26^ab
	35	34.00±2.58^c	1.56±0.09^bc
秋子梨 Pyrus ussuriensis	5	93.00±3.42^a	1.60±0.04^a
	10	62.00±3.46^b	1.03±0.11^b
	15	34.00±3.46^c	0.61±0.07^c
	20	12.00±2.83^d	0.23±0.06^d
	25	10.00±1.15^de	0.20±0.03^d
	30	6.00±2.00^de	0.18±0.05^d
	35	2.00±1.15^e	0.06±0.03^d