Identification and Preliminary Functional Analysis of the BpGRFs Gene in Betula Platyphylla

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.02.005

Abstract

Abstract:

GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR（GRF） is a specific transcription factor widely found in plants， which plays an important role in plant growth and development and stress response. In this study， bioinformatics analysis of the birch（Betula platyphylla） GRF gene family revealed that the birch reference genome contained nine GRF gene family members with conserved WRC and QLQ structural domains， and prediction analysis of promoter cis-acting elements in the BpGRFs family genes revealed that it contained abundant elements related to growth and development， hormone metabolism and stress response. The qRT-PCR results showed that BpGRF4 was highly expressed in all tissues of birch， and Agrobacterium-mediated method was used to obtain birch overexpressing BpGRF4 lines（OE-1，OE-2，OE-3） and the role of BpGRF4 in the birch development was explored， and the BpGRF4 overexpression lines were significantly elevated in plant height， diameter of the ground， internode length， and branching length respectively. In addition， the area of cortex， phloem and core of OE-3 line were significantly increased， and the leaf epidermal cells were about 51.6% larger than that of the wild type. In conclusion， the growth and development of birch overexpressed BpGRF4 were positively regulated， which provided the theoretical basis for clarifying the GRF gene family function in the growth and development of birch.

Key words: birch, GRF, bioinformatics, growth and development

CLC Number:

S792.153

Ziteng SUN, Xinyu WANG, Lili HOU, Yueying LIU, Zhimin ZHENG. Identification and Preliminary Functional Analysis of the BpGRFs Gene in Betula Platyphylla[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(2): 191-201.

Figures/Tables 7

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基因名称 Gene name	引物序列（5′→3′） Primer sequences （5′→3′）
BpGRF1-F	AGATCATCTTCAGGGACCTTTGAAGAT
BpGRF1-R	GAGGTTCTGATTTGGGGGAAGAG
BpGRF2-F	GATGATGATGGTTATGCCACATCATGA
BpGRF2-R	TCAGAGTCTTTGGCACCATTGCA
BpGRF3-F	CTCAGTGGCAAGAGCTTGAACA
BpGRF3-R	GCAAGTAGTTCCAGCCAATATGTGG
BpGRF4-F	GTCTGGGCCTGCTGAAGATGA
BpGRF4-R	ATCCTTGCTGAGAAAGGGAACCT
BpGRF5-F	ACTCAGTGGCAAGAGCTTGAACA
BpGRF5-R	CTGCCATATCCCATCTCAAAACATGT
BpGRF6-F	AGAGGATGTCTGACGAGGAGGA
BpGRF6-R	TCCTTGAAGCTCATGCGACTGAG
BpGRF7-F	ATGTTGTTGCTGCTGCTTGTTCT
BpGRF7-R	GCTTGTCTCTCAAGCTCTTTCCAC
BpGRF8-F	ATGAACAGTGGTGGAGCTGGC
BpGRF8-R	ATGAGAAATGGACTCAAAGCTTTTCTGAAT
BpGRF9-F	ATGGACTTCCATCTGAAGCAATGGA
BpGRF9-R	ATCCTGGGAAATCTGGTGGGTG
BpTubulin-F	TCAACCGCCTTGTCTCTCAGG
BpTubulin-R	TGGCTCGAATGCACTGTTGG

基因名称 Gene name	基因ID Gene ID	染色体 Chromosome	基因位置 Gene location	氨基酸数目 Number of amino acids/aa	相对分子质量 Molecular weight/Da	等电点 Isoelectricpoint	总平均亲水性 Total average hydrophilicity	亚细胞定位 Subcellular location
BpGRF1	Chr01G01531	1	20095262~20098378	606	65 788.05	8.67	-0.662	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF2	Chr02G01459	2	17218445~17220195	462	50 533.66	7.54	-0.610	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF3	Chr03G01749	3	21418731~21420189	375	42 955.78	8.11	-0.918	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF4	Chr06G00029	6	331582~334410	600	64 353.25	6.52	-0.582	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF5	Chr06G01222	6	11256167~11257412	316	36 045.05	8.71	-0.879	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF6	Chr06G02041	6	23869844~23872981	503	54 207.00	9.57	-0.608	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF7	Chr08G00312	8	2742946~2745353	528	56 979.17	6.28	-0.585	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF8	Chr08G00421	8	3587787~3591990	327	35 993.60	7.75	-0.783	细胞核Nuclear
BpGRF9	Chr14G02157	14	25355104~25357316	389	42 098.12	8.64	-0.559	细胞核Nuclear

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