植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 802-812.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.05.003
谢婷1, 耿健2, 高浩洁3, 王泽平4, 陈娟5, 夏志超1(
)
收稿日期:2026-07-16
出版日期:2026-09-20
发布日期:2026-10-09
通讯作者:
夏志超
E-mail:zhichaoxia@ahau.edu.cn
作者简介:谢婷(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物性别生态学研究。
基金资助:
Ting XIE1, Jian GENG2, Haojie GAO3, Zeping WANG4, Juan CHEN5, Zhichao XIA1(
)
Received:2026-07-16
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-10-09
Contact:
Zhichao XIA
E-mail:zhichaoxia@ahau.edu.cn
摘要:
雌雄异株植物的性别二态性不仅体现了繁殖策略的分化,也深刻影响资源配置和次生代谢过程。然而,关于植物性别二态性影响药用植物化学组成、药材质量形成及其生态学机制,目前仍缺乏系统认识。本文系统综述了雌雄异株药用植物次生代谢产物性别差异的研究进展,重点阐述了资源分配策略、植物激素调控、转录调控网络及环境因子互作等驱动性别代谢分化的生态学和分子机制,并进一步探讨了植物性别对药材质量控制及药效物质基础形成的潜在影响。现有研究表明,植物性别可显著影响多类次生代谢产物的组成及积累模式,并通过资源获取与分配策略、环境适应及代谢网络重塑,形成具有性别特征的化学型(sex-specific chemotypes)。植物性别是影响雌雄异株药用植物药材质量形成的重要生物学因素,也是导致药材化学组成及潜在药理活性差异的重要来源。然而,性别相关的化学差异具有明显的物种特异性和环境依赖性,其对药效及临床应用的直接影响仍缺乏充分证据。未来应加强植物生态学、化学生态学、植物代谢生物学及药学等多学科交叉融合,结合多组学技术、长期生态观测和标准化药效评价,阐明植物性别差异如何通过资源获取与分配策略调节次生代谢过程,进而影响药材质量形成的生态机制,为雌雄异株药用植物资源的精准利用、中药质量控制及现代化发展提供理论依据。
中图分类号:
谢婷, 耿健, 高浩洁, 王泽平, 陈娟, 夏志超. 雌雄异株药用植物性别二态性驱动次生代谢分化的生态机制及其对药材质量形成的意义[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(5): 802-812.
Ting XIE, Jian GENG, Haojie GAO, Zeping WANG, Juan CHEN, Zhichao XIA. Ecological Mechanisms of Sexual Dimorphism-Driven Secondary Metabolic Differentiation in Dioecious Medicinal Plants and Their Implications for Medicinal Material Quality[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(5): 802-812.
表1
主要雌雄异株药用植物中性别特异性次生代谢产物差异的代表性成果
植物物种 Plant species | 组织部位 Plant organ | 主要差异成分 Primary differential components | 含量优势性别 Sex with higher contents | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
紫柳 Salix purpurea | 花序(雄、雌柔荑花序) | 萜类挥发物、苯类化合物、酚苷、黄酮类 | 雌株黄酮和查尔酮类物质含量较高;雄株萜类和酚苷含量较高 | [ |
栝楼 Trichosanthes kirilowii | 花芽 | 激素转导、糖代谢相关差异表达基因 | 雄性偏向 | [ |
| 叶片 | 水溶性酚类、内源激素(GA3、IAA) | 雌株 | [ | |
杜仲 Eucommia ulmoides | 叶片 | 绿原酸、原儿茶酸 | 雄株 | [ |
| 皮层和叶片 | α-亚麻酸代谢通路相关代谢物;黄酮类 | 雄株皮层;雄株叶片 | [ | |
银杏 Ginkgo biloba | 叶片(成熟期) | 萜内酯、黄酮醇苷 | 雌株 | [ |
| 叶片 | 黄酮、银杏内酯 | 品种间差异显著(与性别无显著关联) | [ | |
乳香黄连木 Pistacia lentiscus | 叶片 | α-蒎烯、樟烯、β-月桂烯 | 雄株 | [ |
心叶青牛胆 Tinospora cordifolia | 茎 | 木兰碱、药根碱、oblongine | 雄株 | [ |
| 茎 | 四氢帕马丁、去甲乌药碱、网叶番荔枝碱 | 雌株 | [ | |
薯蓣属 Dioscorea spp. | 块茎 | 总酚、总黄酮、总皂苷 | 雌株 | [ |
表2
雌雄异株药用植物的主要药理活性及性别差异的临床意义
植物物种 Plant species | 主要药理活性 Main pharmacological activities | 性别差异的药理学意义 The pharmacological significance of sex differences | 潜在应用方向 Potential application directions |
|---|---|---|---|
杜仲 Eucommia ulmoides | 抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤 | 雄株叶片中绿原酸和原儿茶酸含量显著高于雌株,抗炎活性更强 | 雄株叶片:急性炎症、风湿性关节炎 |
银杏 Ginkgo biloba | 改善记忆、改善微循环、抗氧化 | 果实期雌株叶片萜内酯和黄酮醇苷含量略高于雄株 | 定向采收果实期雌株叶片,保证提取物均一性 |
心叶青牛胆 Tinospora cordifolia | 抗炎、抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗糖尿病 | 雄株中木兰碱等生物碱含量更高;雌株中四氢帕马丁等含量更高 | 雄株:肿瘤辅助治疗;雌株:不同化学型用于不同目的 |
薯蓣属 Dioscorea spp. | 抗氧化、抗菌、免疫调节 | 雌株块茎总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性显著高于雄株 | 雌株块茎:功能性食品、保健品原料 |
栝楼 Trichosanthes kirilowii | 清热化痰、抗氧化 | 雌株叶片水溶性酚类和内源激素含量更高 | 雌株叶片:清热化痰及抗氧化制剂 |
乳香黄连木 Pistacia lentiscus | 抗菌、抗炎 | 雌株精油抗革兰氏阴性菌更强;雄株抗阳性菌/真菌更强 | 根据病原菌类型选择性使用雌株或雄株精油 |
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