不同间伐强度下水氮添加对毛白杨叶片功能性状的影响

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统揭示间伐强度与水氮添加对人工林叶片功能性状的协同调控机制，本研究以黄泛平原毛白杨（Populus tomentosa）人工林为对象，采用裂区试验设计，设置2种间伐强度（50%与75%）及3种水氮处理（水氮添加、单独水分添加和对照），从叶片水分状态、结构性状及养分化学计量3个维度解析其响应特征与耦合关系。结果表明：（1）叶片相对含水量整体稳定，而叶片干质量含水量对间伐及其与水氮处理的交互作用高度敏感，在75%间伐及水氮协同处理下显著提高43.05%；（2）结构性状整体未发生显著变化，叶片干物质含量相对稳定，而比叶质量表现出较高变异性，显示潜在可塑性；（3）养分性状中叶片碳含量相对稳定，而氮、磷含量及其化学计量比对处理响应显著，氮磷比（质量比）为11.06~18.46，平均为13.94，指示该区域毛白杨人工林处于氮限制状态；（4）多性状分析表明，叶片水分、结构与养分之间存在显著耦合关系，其中叶片干质量含水量与比叶质量是驱动养分分配的关键性状；（5）主成分分析显示，前2个主成分累计解释66.4%的变异。间伐75%处理促使叶片向高资源利用效率方向调整，间伐50%处理则维持保守策略；不同水氮处理主要沿养分结构维度分化，其中单独水分添加处理与养分比值性状紧密关联。总体来看，间伐与水氮调控通过改变资源可利用性，驱动叶片功能性状协同变化，并影响植物资源利用策略。

关键词: 毛白杨, 间伐强度, 水氮添加, 叶片功能性状, 化学计量特征, 资源利用策略

Abstract:

To systematically reveal the synergistic regulatory mechanisms of thinning intensity and water-nitrogen addition on leaf functional traits in plantations， this study conducted a split-plot experiment with Populus tomentosa plantations in the Yellow River Flood Plain. Two thinning intensities（50% and 75%） and three water-nitrogen treatments（water-nitrogen addition， single water addition， and control） were established. The response characteristics and coupling relationships were analyzed from three dimensions： leaf water status， structural construction， and nutrient stoichiometry. The results indicate that：（1）Leaf relative water content remained generally stable， whereas leaf dry mass water content exhibited high sensitivity to thinning and its interaction with water-nitrogen treatments， showing a significant increase of 43.05% under 75% thinning with water-nitrogen addition. （2）Structural traits showed no significant overall changes， with low variation in leaf dry matter content and high variation in specific leaf mass， demonstrating potential plasticity. （3）Among nutrient traits， leaf carbon content remained relatively stable， whereas leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents as well as their stoichiometric ratios responded significantly to the treatments. The leaf N∶P ratio（mass ratio）ranged from 11.06 to 18.46， with an average value of 13.94， indicating that the P.tomentosa plantations in the study area were generally under nitrogen limitation. （4）Multivariate analysis revealed significant coupling relationships among leaf water content， structural traits， and nutrient allocation， with leaf dry mass water content and specific leaf mass identified as key traits driving nutrient partitioning. （5）Principal component analysis revealed that the first two principal components cumulatively explained 66.4% of the variation. Thinning at 75% promoted leaf adjustment towards high resource-use efficiency， while 50% thinning maintained a conservative strategy. Different water and nitrogen treatments primarily diverged along the nutrient structure dimension， with the single water addition treatment showing strong association with nutrient ratio traits. Overall， thinning and water-nitrogen regulation drive coordinated changes in leaf functional traits by altering resource availability， thereby influencing plant resource utilization strategies.

Key words: Populus tomentosa, thinning intensity, water and nitrogen addition, leaf functional traits, stoichiometric characteristics, resource-use strategy

中图分类号:

S714.7

王亚飞, 丁晓菲, 贾黎明. 不同间伐强度下水氮添加对毛白杨叶片功能性状的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(4): 688-699.

Yafei WANG, Xiaofei DING, Liming JIA. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Addition on Leaf Functional Traits of Populus tomentosa under Different Thinning Intensities[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(4): 688-699.

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处理 Treatment	2023年生长季前 Beginning of the 2023 growing season		2023年生长季末 End of the 2023 growing season
处理 Treatment	胸径D_BH/cm	树高H/m	胸径D_BH/cm	树高H/m
T₅₀CK	14.56±1.94	15.21±0.68	15.83±1.86^ab	17.36±1.17
T₅₀W	14.23±0.24	15.38±1.76	15.64±0.32^ab	16.69±1.50
T₅₀WN	14.54±1.88	16.59±0.36	16.00±1.79^a	17.55±2.12
T₇₅CK	13.63±1.40	14.49±0.44	15.17±1.47^b	16.94±0.44
T₇₅W	13.04±0.50	14.62±0.67	14.59±1.11^b	16.73±0.69
T₇₅WN	13.61±0.99	15.15±0.44	15.73±0.98^ab	16.88±0.17

指标 Indexes	变异来源 Source of variation
	间伐强度 Thinning intensity（T）		水氮添加处理 Water and nitrogen addition treatment（WNT）		间伐强度×水氮添加处理 T×WNT
	F	P	F	P	F	P
叶片相对含水量R_WC	4.445	0.057	0.203	0.819	3.907	0.049
叶片干质量含水量D_WWC	6.117	0.029	0.620	0.554	16.204	<0.001
叶片干物质含量L_DMC	0.027	0.872	0.172	0.844	2.527	0.121
比叶质量L_MA	0.738	0.407	2.836	0.098	0.171	0.845
叶片有机碳ω（LC）	3.711	0.078	0.238	0.792	2.626	0.113
叶片全氮ω（LN）	3.519	0.085	2.860	0.096	6.706	0.011
叶片全磷ω（LP）	11.554	0.005	32.806	<0.001	4.778	0.030
C∶N	8.145	0.015	2.224	0.151	11.813	0.001
C∶P	40.740	<0.001	57.731	<0.001	13.373	<0.001
N∶P	2.058	0.177	32.741	<0.001	0.741	0.497

叶片性状 Leaf traits	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
叶片性状 Leaf traits	T₅₀CK	T₅₀W	T₅₀WN	T₇₅CK	T₇₅W	T₇₅WN
叶片相对含水量R_WC	9.34	3.37	14.74	2.85	12.70	13.32
叶片干质量含水量D_WWC	7.60	5.23	4.97	3.53	7.40	9.83
叶片干物质含量L_DMC	1.67	3.67	8.54	1.04	2.60	3.08
比叶质量L_MA	3.07	32.26	29.11	3.39	20.61	35.42
叶片有机碳ω（LC）	6.70	3.69	3.96	6.03	2.45	6.94
叶片全氮ω（LN）	6.39	7.65	3.21	2.47	11.61	5.20
叶片全磷ω（LP）	9.89	7.67	6.82	4.79	8.02	2.38
C∶N	4.79	10.58	4.97	8.03	9.12	8.61
C∶P	5.21	3.90	3.35	9.15	5.89	6.08
N∶P	3.71	14.62	8.34	5.93	7.80	3.31

叶片养分 Leaf nutrient	叶片水分/结构性状 Leaf moisture/structural traits	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
叶片养分 Leaf nutrient	叶片水分/结构性状 Leaf moisture/structural traits	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	D_WWC	L_DMC	L_MA
ω（LC）	D_WWC	-0.406		-0.036	0.060
	L_DMC	0.083	0.177		0.047
	L_MA	0.218	-0.111	0.018
ω（LN）	D_WWC	0.196		0.188	0.121
	L_DMC	-0.431	-0.086		0.095
	L_MA	0.445	0.054	-0.092
ω（LP）	D_WWC	0.611		-0.107	-0.130
	L_DMC	0.245	-0.267		-0.102
	L_MA	-0.477	0.167	0.052