适度干旱对党参叶和根多糖合成差异调控

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过研究适度干旱条件下党参（Codonopsis pilosula）叶与根中多糖合成相关代谢物含量、酶活性及基因表达，揭示适度干旱对党参叶与根多糖合成的差异调控机制。在开花期分别施加正常水分（CK，0% PEG-6000）和适度干旱（DH，15% PEG-6000）处理，并于第7、14和21天取样，采用紫外分光光度计、高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC）及高通量测序技术，测定党参叶和根中多糖合成通路中相关代谢物含量、酶活性及基因表达水平。结果表明：适度干旱下，党参叶与根中多糖合成通路上游代谢物（蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖）含量存在差异，根中葡萄糖比例增加，而叶中则呈相反趋势；叶与根中多糖合成通路相关酶活性变化亦存在差异，其中蔗糖分解酶活性在叶和根中均升高，而单糖转化相关酶（galE、GAE、UXS1和UER1）活性在叶中升高，在根中则降低；此外，党参叶中蔗糖转化酶活性发生显著变化的时间早于根中。适度干旱下，叶与根中多糖合成通路相关酶基因的表达亦呈现差异：蔗糖转化酶的10个调控基因在党参叶中2个上调、3个下调，而在根中6个上调、1个下调；单糖组分转化相关酶的14个基因在党参叶中7个上调、2个下调，而在根中2个上调、5个下调。Pearson相关性分析结果表明，适度干旱下，党参叶与根中与酶活性呈正相关的基因数量显著增多，其中党参叶中差异表达基因与单糖组分转化酶活性呈正相关；而根中差异表达基因则与蔗糖转化酶活性呈正相关。综上，适度干旱通过差异调控党参叶与根中多糖合成通路上游代谢物含量、蔗糖转化酶活性及单糖转化相关基因表达，进而调控多糖在叶与根中的差异合成与积累。

关键词: 党参, 适度干旱, 多糖组分, 酶活性, 差异基因表达

Abstract:

By investigating metabolite levels， enzyme activities， and gene expression associated with polysaccharide synthesis in the leaves and roots of Codonopsis pilosula under moderate drought conditions， this study amied to reveal the differential regulatory mechanisms governing polysaccharide synthesis in the tissues. During the flowering period， plants were subjected to two treatments：normal moisture（CK， 0% PEG-6000） and moderate drought（DH， 15% PEG-6000）. Samples were collected at 7， 14， and 21 days post-treatment. Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry， high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and high-throughput sequencing， we quantified the levels of metabolites involved in the polysaccharide synthesis pathway， enzyme activities， and gene expression in root and leaf tissues of C. pilosula. Results indicated that under moderate drought conditions， the levels of upstream metabolites—sucrose， fructose， and glucose—differred between leaves and roots. Specifically， the proportion of glucose increased in roots， whereas it decreased in leaves. Enzyme activities in the polysaccharide synthesis pathway also exhibited distinct tissue-specific responses： sucrase activity increased in both tissues， while the activities of monosaccharide conversion-related enzymes（galE， GAE， UXS1， and UER1） increased in leaves but decreased in roots. Moreover， significant changes in sucrase activity occurred earlier in leaves than in roots. Gene expression analysis further revealed tissue-specific differences in the regulation of polysaccharide synthesis. Among the 10 sucrose invertase regulatory genes， 2 were upregulated and 3 downregulated in leaves， whereas 6 were upregulated and 1 downregulated in roots. For the 14 genes encoding monosaccharide conversion enzymes， 7 were upregulated and 2 downregulated in leaves， compared to 2 upregulated and 5 downregulated in roots. Pearson correlation analysis showed that under moderate drought， the number of genes positively correlated with enzyme activity significantly increased in both tissues. Specifically， gene expression in leaves was positively correlated with monosaccharide conversion enzyme activity， whereas gene expression in roots was positively correlated with sucrose transferase activity. Collectively， moderate drought differentially regulated polysaccharide synthesis in C. pilosula leaves and roots by modulating upstream metabolite levels， sucrose transferase activity， and monosaccharide conversion-related gene expression， thereby controlling tissue-specific polysaccharide synthesis and accumulation.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula, moderate drought, CPPs component, enzymatic activity, differential genes expression

中图分类号:

Q945.1

管廷蕾, 陈增, 黄储, 孙美乐, 陈红刚, 杜弢, 王惠珍. 适度干旱对党参叶和根多糖合成差异调控[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(3): 505-516.

Tinglei GUAN, Zeng CHEN, Chu HUANG, Meile SUN, Honggang CHEN, Tao DU, Huizhen WANG. Differential Regulation of Polysaccharide Synthesis in Leaves and Roots of Codonopsis pilosula under Moderate Drought Stress[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 505-516.

图/表 12

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图2

表1

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表2

表3

适度干旱对党参多糖合成通路中单糖组分转化相关酶活性的调控效应

酶 Enzyme	胁迫时间 Stress time/d	不同处理下各部位酶活性 Enzyme activity of different parts under different treatments/（U·g^-1）
		CK		DH
		叶Leaves	根Roots	叶Leaves	根Roots
尿苷-葡萄糖4-差向异构酶 galE	7	1.15±0.04	1.28±0.06*	1.19±0.03	1.12±0.06
	14	1.12±0.04	1.16±0.04	1.16±0.01	1.18±0.04
	21	1.12±0.03	1.19±0.03*	1.13±0.05	1.11±0.03
尿苷-葡萄糖醛酸-4-差向异构酶 GAE	7	3 689.86±23.41	3 810.1±120.04*	4 035.81±47.36*	3 413.70±15.55
	14	3 906.98±200.01	4 010.6±101.09	3 691.22±61.25	4 020.50±65.04
	21	3 455.63±140.76	3 963.7±199.21**	4 230.41±152.07**	3 464.20±37.91
尿苷-葡萄糖6-脱氢酶 UGDH	7	63.92±2.42	59.95±0.58**	64.20±0.53	51.80±0.57
	14	57.06±2.29	60.84±1.64	58.16±1.35	61.49±1.95
	21	53.67±1.84	57.89±1.06	58.64±0.53**	59.89±1.24
尿苷-芹菜糖/木糖合酶 AXS	7	0.73±0.03	0.73±0.01	0.89±0.01**	0.72±0.02
	14	0.75±0.02	0.70±0.01	0.71±0.02	0.81±0.02*
	21	0.76±0.03	0.78±0.06	1.05±0.04**	1.13±0.06**
尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸脱羧酶 UXS1	7	1.41±0.01	1.39±0.05	1.51±0.02*	1.50±0.05*
	14	1.55±0.04	1.69±0.03	1.49±0.04	1.66±0.01
	21	1.46±0.05	1.70±0.14	2.00±0.03**	1.66±0.06
尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 UGP2	7	0.76±0.02	0.74±0.02	0.75±0.01	0.70±0.00
	14	0.72±0.02	0.79±0.02	0.75±0.01	0.78±0.02
	21	0.68±0.02	0.71±0.02	0.76±0.01**	0.76±0.03
3，5-差向异构酶/4-还原酶 UER1	7	3.12±0.15	3.36±0.12	3.43±0.16*	3.12±0.03
	14	3.24±0.07	3.44±0.18**	3.31±0.08	3.21±0.04
	21	2.91±0.09	3.33±0.05	3.32±0.16*	3.26±0.16
尿苷-阿拉伯糖-4-差向异构酶 UXE	7	0.95±0.03	1.26±0.05**	1.13±0.13*	1.07±0.18
	14	0.93±0.07	0.97±0.01	1.74±0.05**	1.67±0.04**
	21	1.19±0.04	1.10±0.08	1.70±0.22*	1.50±0.04**
甘露糖-1-磷酸-鸟苷转移酶 GMPP	7	3 414.13±87.78	3 382.57±109.75**	3 346.17±58.57	2 874.81±122.82
	14	3 181.12±112.84**	3 501.02±77.56**	2 885.49±147.49	2 768.50±65.67
	21	2 579.17±51.00*	2 767.04±127.83	2 190.88±24.43	2 733.54±75.70
糖基转移酶 GTs	7	2 807.46±18.28	3 035.13±41.98**	3 075.76±48.96**	2 765.51±20.85
	14	2 799.42±48.24	3 025.76±36.11**	2 965.49±12.92*	2 743.62±40.60
	21	2 738.71±44.51	2 789.60±76.82	2 790.94±27.09*	2 723.08±10.74

表3

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图6

图7

图8

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酶 Enzyme	胁迫时间 Stress time/d	不同处理下各部位酶活性 Enzyme activity of different parts under different treatments/（U·g^-1）
		CK		DH
		叶Leaves	根Roots	叶Leaves	根Roots
蔗糖磷酸合成酶 SPS	7	638.7±16.8	584.4±23.8	733.5±6.9^**	569.1±17.9
	14	649.9±30.8	721.6±11.8	645.2±9.3	714.2±12.5
	21	596.3±10.1	609.5±31.6	596.3±17.2	602.5±6.0
蔗糖合成酶 SS	7	624.0±4.5	596.1±8.9	691.8±12.9^**	582.9±11.9
	14	696.6±17.6	802.5±13.8	685.4±2.8	807.6±3.3
	21	609.4±11.7	784.2±5.2^**	688.0±1.8^**	741.8±3.5
β-呋喃果糖苷酶 sacA	7	538.2±12.9	576.0±12.1^*	634.3±8.8^**	550.5±17.0
	14	567.2±18.5	575.9±7.7	526.5±4.0	608.7±9.6^*
	21	575.0±30.7	613.5±8.7	613.8±14.1^*	649.4±23.4
酸性转化酶 AI	7	6 667.5±139.6	5 934.1±125.2^*	6 301.8±64.7	5 324.3±67.7
	14	5 571.4±239.9	6 252.7±278.9^**	5 285.1±202.6	5 414.5±180.9
	21	6 380.2±171.6^*	5 754.7±165.3	5 861.6±137.3	5 668.4±229.2
中性转化酶 NI	7	4 043.9±65.5	4 111.8±149.8	4 160.0±142.1	3 923.7±173.2
	14	3 951.4±52.6	3 986.2±83.2^*	3 954.0±123.6	3 580.2±202.2
	21	4 254.6±42.7	3 894.5±19.6	4 051.1±64.5	4 013.6±134.3