紫斑牡丹色斑形成过程中表皮细胞变化及花青苷积累规律

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.04.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

紫斑牡丹（Paeonia rockii）花瓣基部色斑是我国牡丹品种色斑性状的主要遗传来源。为明确色斑的时序发生、扩展模式及其与色素积累的关系，本研究系统观察了10个紫斑牡丹品种花瓣基部色斑在7个时期的形成情况。结果显示：S2时期花瓣基部出现单个色素细胞，并逐步形成以深色中心细胞为核心、浅色外围细胞环绕的色素细胞团。色斑以色素细胞团为基本结构单位进行扩展，其轮廓于S3时期初步形成，早于花瓣花色显现，且S6~S7时期仍存在色素细胞分裂高峰。S2~S3时期，色斑区L*（明度）和b*（黄蓝度）显著下降，a*（红绿度）显著升高。S2时期色斑区即可检测到花青苷，其中矢车菊素-3，5-O-二葡萄糖苷（Cy3G5G）和芍药花素-3，5-O-二葡萄糖苷（Pn3G5G）含量最高。线性回归分析表明，Pn3G5G含量对色斑L*、a*、b*变化具有较强解释力，是形成紫红色色斑的关键花青苷；天竺葵素-3，5-O-二葡萄糖苷（Pg3G5G）可能参与黑色色斑的形成。综上，紫斑牡丹色斑的形成是以色素细胞团扩展为结构基础、花青苷时空特异性积累为物质基础的动态发育过程。

关键词: 紫斑牡丹, 色斑, 表皮细胞, 花青苷

Abstract:

The basal petal blotch of Paeonia rockii is the primary genetic source of blotch traits in cultivated tree peonies. To clarify the timing of blotch initiation， its expansion pattern， and the relationship between blotch development and pigment accumulation， basal blotch formation at seven developmental stages were systematically examined in ten P.rockii cultivars. At stage S2， single pigmented cells first appeared and gradually developed into pigment cell clusters， consisting of a deeply pigmented central cell surrounded by lightly pigmented peripheral cells. Blotch expansion occurred through the proliferation and enlargement of these pigment cell clusters. The blotch outline was initially established at stage S3， preceding the visible coloration of the petal background， and a second peak of pigment cell proliferation was observed at stages S6-S7. During S2-S3， significant decreases in L* and b* values and an increase in a* value were recorded in the blotch region. Anthocyanins were detectable in the blotch as early as S2， with cyanidin-3，5-di-O-glucoside（Cy3G5G） and peonidin-3，5-di-O-glucoside（Pn3G5G） as the predominant components. Linear regression analysis indicated that Pn3G5G had strong explanatory power for changes in L*， a*， and b* values and was the key anthocyanin contributing to the formation of purple-red blotches. Pelargonidin-3，5-di-O-glucoside（Pg3G5G） may be involved in the formation of black blotches. In summary， blotch formation in P. rockii is a dynamic developmental process characterized structurally by the expansion of pigment cell clusters and biochemically by the spatiotemporally specific accumulation of anthocyanins.

Key words: Paeonia rockii, blotch, epidermal cell, anthocyanins

中图分类号:

S685.11

李文珺, 罗莎, 史倩倩. 紫斑牡丹色斑形成过程中表皮细胞变化及花青苷积累规律[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(4): 764-776.

Wenjun LI, Sha LUO, Qianqian SHI. Epidermal Cell Changes and Anthocyanin Accumulation Patterns during Paeonia rockii Blotch Formation[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(4): 764-776.

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时期 Stage	描述 Description	对应牡丹物候期 Phenological period
S1	无色斑	立蕾期、小风铃前期
S2	色斑逐渐显露，未形成完整轮廓	小风铃期、大风铃期
S3	色斑轮廓初步形成，花色初显或将显未显	大风铃后期、圆桃前期
S4	色斑增大加深，花色逐渐显露	圆桃期
S5	色斑继续扩增，花色基本形成	圆桃后期、平桃期
S6	色斑、花色已形成，面积仍有变化	破绽透色期、初开期
S7	花开放	盛开期