植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 542-556.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.014
马豆豆1,2, 林柏松3, 张新杰1, 王艳红3, 贾国忠3, 薛媛媛3, 刘芳明3, 崔江慧1,2(
)
收稿日期:2026-01-21
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-05-29
通讯作者:
崔江慧
E-mail:cjianghui521@126.com
作者简介:马豆豆(1996—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事作物品种开发与利用研究。
基金资助:
Doudou MA1,2, Bosong LIN3, Xinjie ZHANG1, Yanhong WANG3, Guozhong JIA3, Yuanyuan XUE3, Fangming LIU3, Jianghui CUI1,2(
)
Received:2026-01-21
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-05-29
Contact:
Jianghui CUI
E-mail:cjianghui521@126.com
摘要:
针对加工型马铃薯产量与品质协同选育难、全表型鉴定成本高的问题,本研究通过构建高效综合评价体系,建立了早代简化预测模型。以‘大西洋’ב露辛达’杂交构建的267份F1代群体为材料,连续2 a对24项表型性状进行测定与遗传解析。结果表明:F1群体各性状变异广泛(CV为14.68%~100.97%),呈连续正态分布,符合微效多基因控制的数量遗传规律。其中,淀粉含量与产量表现出显著的正向杂种优势,且具有较高的广义遗传力。通过主成分分析(PCA)提取出9个综合指标(累计方差贡献率为84.80%),结合模糊隶属函数与系统聚类分析,成功筛选出17份具有加工潜力的优良系,其中5份核心材料达到严格的加工品质标准。进一步引入最小绝对收缩与选择算子(LASSO)回归算法,从24项多维表型数据中精准筛选出内聚性、还原糖含量等5项核心指标,构建了马铃薯早代高效筛选的简化模型,从而为加工型马铃薯的精准选育提供可靠的方法学支撑。
中图分类号:
马豆豆, 林柏松, 张新杰, 王艳红, 贾国忠, 薛媛媛, 刘芳明, 崔江慧. 加工型马铃薯F1群体遗传分析与高效筛选[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(3): 542-556.
Doudou MA, Bosong LIN, Xinjie ZHANG, Yanhong WANG, Guozhong JIA, Yuanyuan XUE, Fangming LIU, Jianghui CUI. Genetic Analysis and Efficient Screening of Processing Potato F₁ Population[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 542-556.
表1
F1 群体数量性状的描述性统计与遗传参数
性状 Trait | ‘大西洋’均值 ‘Atlantic’ mean | ‘露辛达’均值 ‘Lucinda’ mean | 中亲值 Mid-parent value | F1均值 F1 mean | 分离范围 Range | 变异系数 CV/% | 遗传传递力 Ta/% | 中亲优势率 H/% | 超高亲率 HH/% | 超低亲率 L/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 亮度L* | 71.46 | 59.12 | 65.29 | 67.98 | 34.94~92.34 | 12.74 | 104.12 | 4.12 | 36.15 | 7.69 |
| 红绿值a* | -5.76 | 10.56 | 2.40 | 0.29 | -14.92~36.71 | 391.67 | 12.08 | -87.92 | 1.54 | 69.23 |
| 黄蓝值b* | 20.27 | 37.56 | 28.91 | 48.53 | 0.73~77.40 | 24.89 | 167.84 | 67.84 | 78.46 | 0 |
| 褐变指数BI | 24.77 | 106.67 | 65.72 | 118.88 | 1.54~294.81 | 45.02 | 180.87 | 80.87 | 54.68 | 0.75 |
| 理论产量TY/(kg·hm-2) | 41 049.00 | 18 711.00 | 29 880.00 | 37 691.00 | 1 079.00~93 283.00 | 51.09 | 126.15 | 26.15 | 39.33 | 17.60 |
| 商品薯率MTR/% | 42.95 | 33.03 | 37.99 | 63.90 | 0.00~100.00 | 34.75 | 168.18 | 68.18 | 85.77 | 7.12 |
| 平均单薯质量ATW/g | 86.12 | 73.82 | 79.97 | 135.85 | 2.65~481.25 | 40.19 | 169.86 | 69.86 | 86.89 | 8.24 |
| 单株结薯数量TNPP | 12.23 | 6.67 | 9.45 | 7.90 | 1.72~18.65 | 43.28 | 83.65 | -16.35 | 11.61 | 42.32 |
| 总薯数量TTN | 36.50 | 20.75 | 28.62 | 20.07 | 1.75~45.25 | 42.92 | 70.11 | -29.89 | 4.12 | 53.93 |
| 大薯数量LTN | 16.25 | 6.00 | 11.12 | 11.98 | 0.00~26.50 | 47.84 | 107.70 | 7.70 | 22.47 | 16.10 |
| 大薯总质量LTW/kg | 1.35 | 0.82 | 1.09 | 2.32 | 0.00~6.24 | 55.34 | 213.13 | 113.13 | 74.53 | 10.49 |
| 小薯数量STN | 18.75 | 12.25 | 15.50 | 7.64 | 0.00~22.75 | 75.28 | 49.29 | -50.71 | 4.49 | 77.53 |
| 总质量TTW | 3.17 | 1.35 | 2.25 | 2.61 | 0.04~7.04 | 51.37 | 115.90 | 15.90 | 32.96 | 17.98 |
| 淀粉含量SC/% | 17.98 | 14.68 | 16.33 | 18.11 | 12.17~22.43 | 14.68 | 110.89 | 10.89 | 49.81 | 12.36 |
| 干物质含量DMC/% | 23.38 | 20.48 | 21.93 | 24.84 | 16.91~31.44 | 15.36 | 113.26 | 13.26 | 63.30 | 13.48 |
| 还原糖含量TRSC/% | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.01~0.41 | 64.54 | 69.98 | -30.02 | 11.61 | 57.30 |
| 硬度TH/N | 10.67 | 10.97 | 10.82 | 12.59 | 2.81~29.34 | 45.93 | 116.33 | 16.33 | 52.81 | 46.07 |
| 脆度TB/N | 8.86 | 9.79 | 9.32 | 11.44 | 2.33~26.51 | 45.42 | 122.67 | 22.67 | 52.43 | 36.33 |
| 黏着性TA/N | -0.12 | -0.15 | -0.13 | -0.27 | -0.74~0.00 | 56.65 | 207.91 | 107.91 | 14.98 | 74.91 |
| 弹性TSP | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.12~0.44 | 20.97 | 90.91 | -9.09 | 18.35 | 55.81 |
| 咀嚼性TCH/N | 1.67 | 1.72 | 1.69 | 1.08 | 0.04~4.29 | 100.97 | 63.60 | -36.40 | 21.72 | 74.53 |
| 胶着性TG/N | 2.78 | 2.84 | 2.81 | 2.13 | 0.17~7.26 | 77.47 | 75.76 | -24.24 | 28.09 | 69.66 |
| 内聚性TCO | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.04~0.25 | 36.86 | 75.62 | -24.38 | 12.36 | 84.27 |
| 回复性TRE | 0.59 | 1.52 | 1.06 | 1.50 | 0.10~3.33 | 38.84 | 141.48 | 41.48 | 46.44 | 7.12 |
表2
前9个主成分的特征值、贡献率及载荷矩阵
性状 Traits | 指标 Index | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | PC5 | PC6 | PC7 | PC8 | PC9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 褐变指数BI | X1 | -0.040 | -0.112 | -0.296 | -0.643 | -0.238 | -0.527 | -0.036 | 0.051 | 0.076 |
| 亮度L* | X2 | 0.112 | 0.038 | 0.375 | 0.703 | 0.123 | 0.374 | -0.073 | -0.008 | -0.226 |
| 红绿值a* | X3 | -0.175 | -0.104 | 0.392 | 0.336 | -0.059 | -0.683 | 0.064 | 0.002 | 0.349 |
| 黄蓝值b* | X4 | -0.174 | -0.029 | 0.544 | 0.728 | 0.075 | -0.263 | 0.033 | -0.024 | 0.151 |
| 还原糖含量TRSC | X5 | 0.086 | 0.160 | 0.117 | 0.096 | 0.191 | -0.226 | 0.393 | 0.194 | 0.246 |
| 干物质含量DMC | X6 | -0.297 | -0.165 | 0.036 | 0.168 | -0.911 | 0.070 | 0.019 | 0.031 | -0.028 |
| 淀粉含量SC | X7 | -0.293 | -0.162 | 0.031 | 0.162 | -0.911 | 0.090 | 0.024 | 0.051 | -0.043 |
| 内聚性TCO | X8 | -0.084 | 0.661 | 0.107 | -0.015 | -0.049 | -0.035 | -0.624 | 0.128 | 0.097 |
| 咀嚼性TCH | X9 | -0.054 | 0.872 | 0.079 | -0.017 | -0.085 | -0.006 | -0.305 | 0.131 | 0.131 |
| 回复性TRE | X10 | 0.106 | -0.303 | 0.066 | -0.082 | 0.070 | 0.434 | -0.141 | -0.001 | 0.266 |
| 弹性TSP | X11 | -0.136 | 0.782 | 0.022 | -0.032 | 0.001 | -0.100 | -0.036 | -0.199 | -0.197 |
| 硬度TH | X12 | -0.073 | 0.786 | -0.048 | -0.026 | -0.091 | 0.064 | 0.511 | -0.125 | -0.089 |
| 胶着性TG | X13 | -0.076 | 0.930 | 0.072 | -0.034 | -0.068 | 0.017 | -0.234 | 0.092 | 0.115 |
| 脆度TB | X14 | -0.054 | 0.762 | -0.039 | -0.011 | -0.080 | 0.071 | 0.545 | -0.116 | -0.068 |
| 黏着性TA | X15 | -0.109 | -0.100 | 0.065 | 0.091 | 0.097 | -0.478 | -0.187 | 0.023 | -0.739 |
| 理论产量YT | X16 | 0.915 | 0.019 | 0.235 | -0.024 | -0.115 | 0.008 | 0.020 | 0.171 | -0.037 |
| 商品薯率MTR | X17 | -0.080 | -0.062 | 0.707 | -0.405 | -0.027 | 0.077 | -0.067 | -0.451 | 0.032 |
| 单株结薯数量TNPP | X18 | 0.620 | 0.129 | -0.385 | 0.183 | -0.110 | -0.041 | -0.069 | -0.168 | 0.119 |
| 平均单薯质量ATW | X19 | 0.271 | 0.038 | 0.624 | -0.349 | -0.061 | 0.070 | 0.131 | 0.512 | -0.110 |
| 总薯数量TTN | X20 | 0.823 | 0.042 | -0.288 | 0.300 | -0.105 | -0.108 | -0.068 | -0.211 | -0.005 |
| 大薯数量LTN | X21 | 0.710 | 0.017 | 0.186 | -0.030 | -0.143 | -0.089 | -0.097 | -0.582 | 0.025 |
| 大薯总质量LTW | X22 | 0.819 | 0.007 | 0.386 | -0.109 | -0.123 | -0.011 | 0.044 | 0.095 | -0.039 |
| 小薯数量STN | X23 | 0.494 | 0.108 | -0.645 | 0.427 | -0.019 | -0.036 | -0.013 | 0.261 | 0.006 |
| 总质量TTW | X24 | 0.912 | 0.051 | 0.260 | -0.045 | -0.091 | 0 | 0.037 | 0.158 | -0.100 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 4.551 | 4.117 | 2.571 | 2.240 | 1.906 | 1.489 | 1.363 | 1.164 | 1.014 | |
| 标准差Standard deviation | 2.133 | 2.029 | 1.603 | 1.497 | 1.380 | 1.220 | 1.167 | 1.079 | 1.007 | |
| 贡献率Contribution rate/% | 18.892 | 17.092 | 10.671 | 9.300 | 7.910 | 6.182 | 5.656 | 4.832 | 4.209 | |
| 累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/% | 18.892 | 35.984 | 46.655 | 55.955 | 63.865 | 70.048 | 75.704 | 80.536 | 84.746 |
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