植物研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 557-569.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.03.015
尹亚莉1, 杨立学1(
), 于均屹1, 陈俊彤1, 董慧2, 刘会锋3, 徐迪3
收稿日期:2025-11-19
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-05-29
通讯作者:
杨立学
E-mail:ylx_0813@163.com
作者简介:尹亚莉(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事森林培育研究。
基金资助:
Yali YIN1, Lixue YANG1(
), Junyi YU1, Juntong CHEN1, Hui DONG2, Huifeng LIU3, Di XU3
Received:2025-11-19
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-05-29
Contact:
Lixue YANG
E-mail:ylx_0813@163.com
摘要:
磷(P)在森林土壤中主要以难溶态(如无机磷及有机磷)存在,磷有效性低是制约林木生长的关键因子。西伯利亚红松(Pinus sibirica)是寒温带针叶林建群种,其幼苗栽植至大兴安岭酸性土壤后,有效磷供应不足将显著影响造林成活与生长。为探究西伯利亚红松对难溶性磷的适应机制,本研究以2年生西伯利亚红松苗木为材料开展盆栽试验,设置对照(不加磷)、50%(17.40 mg⋅kg-1)、100%(34.80 mg⋅kg-1)、200%(69.60 mg⋅kg-1) 4个施磷水平,分别添加植酸钙、卵磷脂、磷酸铝和磷酸铁4种磷源处理,分析不同磷源及施磷水平对苗木生物量分配、根系形态及全株磷利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)不同磷源对苗木生长影响差异显著(P<0.05),磷酸铁处理(尤其200%施磷水平)显著促进各器官和总生物量积累,而有机磷源(植酸钙、卵磷脂)作用不显著;(2)磷源类型与施磷水平交互作用对磷利用效率具有显著影响(P<0.05),50%施磷水平的磷酸铁处理下磷利用效率最高,且随施磷水平升高而下降;有机磷源处理下磷利用效率始终较低且变化趋势不显著;(3)根系形态对难溶性磷的响应具有可塑性,所有施磷处理下1级根比根长和比表面积均高于对照,组织密度均低于对照;低施磷水平的磷酸铁诱导根系偏向资源获取策略(高比根长、低组织密度),而高施磷水平下则转向资源保守策略;(4)综合评价显示,200%施磷水平的磷酸铁处理综合得分最高,其次为200%施磷水平的磷酸铝和100%施磷水平的卵磷脂处理,说明无机磷源(尤其是磷酸铁)添加更利于西伯利亚红松苗木生长。综上所述,西伯利亚红松可通过改变根系形态、调整生物量分配和磷利用效率,提升磷养分获取能力,其中磷酸铁是其高效利用的主要磷源形式。在未来造林抚育中,可将磷酸铁作为西伯利亚红松苗木的优选磷肥,并依据“低浓度促根、高浓度促生”原则制定施肥策略,为提升该树种苗木品质与造林成活率提供科学施肥指导。
中图分类号:
尹亚莉, 杨立学, 于均屹, 陈俊彤, 董慧, 刘会锋, 徐迪. 西伯利亚红松苗木对难溶性磷的偏好及其适应机制[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(3): 557-569.
Yali YIN, Lixue YANG, Junyi YU, Juntong CHEN, Hui DONG, Huifeng LIU, Di XU. Preference for Insoluble Phosphorus Forms and Adaptation Mechanisms in Pinus sibirica Seedlings[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(3): 557-569.
表2
磷源试验处理设计
处理 Treatment | 水平 Level | 磷元素添加水平 P addition level/(mg·kg-1) | 化合物添加量 Compound application amount/g |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| T1 | 50% | 17.4 | 0.742 2 |
| T2 | 100% | 34.8 | 1.484 4 |
| T3 | 200% | 69.6 | 2.968 8 |
| T4 | 50% | 17.4 | 0.149 7 |
| T5 | 100% | 34.8 | 0.299 4 |
| T6 | 200% | 69.6 | 0.598 8 |
| T7 | 50% | 17.4 | 0.123 3 |
| T8 | 100% | 34.8 | 0.246 6 |
| T9 | 200% | 69.6 | 0.493 2 |
| T10 | 50% | 17.4 | 0.152 6 |
| T11 | 100% | 34.8 | 0.305 2 |
| T12 | 200% | 69.6 | 0.610 4 |
表3
不同难溶性磷添加处理对西伯利亚红松苗木生物量分配的影响
处理 Treatment | 施磷水平 P addition level | 叶生物量 Leaf biomass/g | 茎生物量 Stem biomass/g | 根生物量 Root biomass/g | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass/g | 总生物量 Total biomass/g | 根冠比 Root-shoot ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0 | 0.18±0.06a | 0.38±0.05bc | 0.28±0.06abc | 0.56±0.11abc | 0.85±0.17bcd | 0.50±0.01ab |
| 卵磷脂 | 50% | 0.24±0.07a | 0.39±0.04abc | 0.27±0.01abc | 0.64±0.09abc | 0.90±0.08abcd | 0.43±0.06ab |
| 100% | 0.27±0.08a | 0.38±0.03bc | 0.37±0.07a | 0.65±0.10abc | 1.02±0.11abc | 0.59±0.15a | |
| 200% | 0.39±0.25a | 0.37±0.03bc | 0.27±0.04abc | 0.76±0.26abc | 1.03±0.29abc | 0.41±0.09ab | |
| 植酸钙 | 50% | 0.26±0.05a | 0.42±0.02abc | 0.28±0.01abc | 0.68±0.04abc | 0.96±0.03abcd | 0.42±0.04ab |
| 100% | 0.19±0.01a | 0.39±0.02abc | 0.18±0.01c | 0.59±0.02abc | 0.76±0.01cd | 0.30±0.02b | |
| 200% | 0.24±0.00a | 0.37±0.02bc | 0.21±0.00bc | 0.61±0.02abc | 0.82±0.02bcd | 0.35±0.07ab | |
| 磷酸铝 | 50% | 0.16±0.01a | 0.36±0.01bc | 0.22±0.01bc | 0.52±0.01bc | 0.74±0.01cd | 0.41±0.00ab |
| 100% | 0.33±0.11a | 0.42±0.05abc | 0.34±0.05a | 0.75±0.09abc | 1.09±0.05abc | 0.49±0.12ab | |
| 200% | 0.39±0.05a | 0.49±0.04ab | 0.32±0.03ab | 0.88±0.10ab | 1.19±0.12ab | 0.36±0.03ab | |
| 磷酸铁 | 50% | 0.16±0.02a | 0.28±0.36c | 0.17±0.03c | 0.44±0.01c | 0.61±0.04d | 0.37±0.07ab |
| 100% | 0.24±0.04a | 0.36±0.03bc | 0.28±0.03abc | 0.60±0.06abc | 0.87±0.08bcd | 0.47±0.06ab | |
| 200% | 0.39±0.10a | 0.53±0.11a | 0.38±0.04a | 0.92±0.16a | 1.30±0.18a | 0.43±0.06ab |
表5
各处理根系形态、生物量分配、磷利用效率主成分得分及排名
处理 Treatment | 施磷水平 P addition level | 第1主成分 Component 1 | 第2主成分 Component 2 | 第3主成分 Component 3 | 综合得分 Comprehensive component score | 排名 Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T12 | 200% | 2.05 | 0.53 | -0.41 | 1.01 | 1 |
| T9 | 200% | 1.64 | -0.16 | -1.07 | 0.46 | 2 |
| T2 | 100% | -0.30 | 0.31 | 2.12 | 0.45 | 3 |
| T8 | 100% | 0.50 | -0.10 | 0.79 | 0.39 | 4 |
| T3 | 200% | 0.44 | -0.03 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 5 |
| CK | 0 | -0.93 | 2.73 | -0.75 | 0.23 | 6 |
| T4 | 50% | 0.21 | -0.90 | 1.04 | 0.07 | 7 |
| T11 | 100% | -0.63 | 0.89 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 8 |
| T1 | 50% | -0.18 | -0.26 | 0.75 | 0.02 | 9 |
| T6 | 200% | -0.16 | -0.62 | -0.68 | -0.42 | 10 |
| T5 | 100% | -0.20 | -0.61 | -1.30 | -0.59 | 11 |
| T7 | 50% | -0.91 | -0.57 | -0.14 | -0.63 | 12 |
| T10 | 50% | -1.53 | -1.19 | -0.99 | -1.30 | 13 |
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