植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 627-635.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.014

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐肤木大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育

张霞, 周财, 卞妍悦, 张颜泽谦, 陈发菊()   

  1. 三峡大学生物技术研究中心,宜昌 443002
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈发菊 E-mail:schenfj616@163.com
  • 作者简介:张霞(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事生物化学与分子生物学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(32470389);湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2022BGE265)

The Megasporogenesis, Microsporogenesis and Development of Female and Male Gametophyte in Rhus chinensis

Xia ZHANG, Cai ZHOU, Yanyue BIAN, Yanzeqian ZHANG, Faju CHEN()   

  1. Biotechnology Research Center,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002
  • Received:2025-02-07 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-25
  • Contact: Faju CHEN E-mail:schenfj616@163.com

摘要:

利用石蜡切片技术观察盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)雌花和雄花的大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育,为揭示其性别功能分化提供胚胎发育证据。结果表明:(1)盐肤木花属于完全花,花中的雌蕊或雄蕊选择性退化形成功能性雌花或功能性雄花。(2)功能性雄花的花药发育过程中,小孢子四分体呈正四面体型,成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型;功能性雄花的胚珠能正常发育至单核胚囊,但在二核胚囊至八核胚囊发育过程存在异常,胚囊核消失,最终不能形成可育雌配子体。(3)功能性雌花的胚珠发育过程中,大孢子四分体呈直线型,合点端的功能大孢子发育成八核胚囊,胚囊发育方式为蓼型。功能性雌花的花药发育过程中,绒毡层在造孢细胞时期解体,造孢细胞凋亡,最终花药室萎缩败育。盐肤木的雌、雄配子的发育特征与其他漆树科(Anacardiaceae)植物的发育模式相似,胚珠在二核胚囊至八核胚囊时期发育异常,导致雌蕊败育形成功能性雄花;绒毡层及造孢细胞异常解体,导致雄蕊败育形成功能性雌花。

关键词: 盐肤木, 大、小孢子发生, 雌雄配子体

Abstract:

In order to reveal the functional differentiation of sex and to provide the embryological evidence in Rhus chinensis, the micro- and mega-sporogenesis and development of male and female gametophytes were investigated by paraffin section. Results showed that (1) the flowers of R. chinensis were complete flowers, but selective degeneration of pistils or stamen resulted in functional female or male flowers. (2) During the anther development of functional male flowers, the microspore tetrads were regular tetrahedral and the mature pollen grains were 2-cell type. The ovules in functional male flowers developed normally to the uninucleate embryo sacs, but abnormalities were observed during the transition from the binucleate to octa-nucleate embryo sac stage, and the nucleus of embryo sac disappeared, and eventually the fertile female gametophytes could not be formed. (3) During the ovule development of functional female flowers, the megaspore tetrads were straight, and the functional megaspore at the chalazal end developed into octa-nucleate embryo sac, which developed into the polygonum type. During the anther development of functional female flowers, tapetum disintegrated at the stage of sporogenous cells, being apoptotic for the sporogenous cells, and eventually atrophy and abortion for anther chambers. The development of functional male and female gametophytes in R. chinensis was similar to that of other plants in Anacardiaceae family, and abnormal development of the ovule from binucleate to octa-nucleate embryo sacs led to pistil abortion to form functional male flowers, and abnormal disintegration of the tapetum and sporogenous cells led to abortion of stamens to form functional female flowers.

Key words: Rhus chinensis, megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis, male and female gametophytes

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