植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 504-517.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.04.004
段莹1,2, 徐晓娟1,2, 毛洁1,2, 赵晨霞3, 王惠珍1,2, 陈红刚1,2, 孟瑾瑾4, 杜弢1,2()
收稿日期:
2025-01-02
出版日期:
2025-07-20
发布日期:
2025-07-25
通讯作者:
杜弢
E-mail:gslzdt@163.com
作者简介:
段莹(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事中药资源评价和开发利用研究。
基金资助:
Ying DUAN1,2, Xiaojuan XU1,2, Jie MAO1,2, Chenxia ZHAO3, Huizhen WANG1,2, Honggang CHEN1,2, Jinjin MENG4, Tao DU1,2()
Received:
2025-01-02
Online:
2025-07-20
Published:
2025-07-25
Contact:
Tao DU
E-mail:gslzdt@163.com
摘要:
为探明淫羊藿(Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.)营养元素吸收分配特征和药效成分积累规律,明确影响药效成分积累的特征元素,以3年生淫羊藿为研究对象,测定干物质积累量、营养元素含量及叶中黄酮类成分含量,并分析叶中黄酮类成分与营养元素之间相关性。结果表明:(1)随着生育期延长,干物质积累呈先升后降趋势,果后生长期(T5)干物质快速积累,达到最大值。(2)生育期内地上部氮和磷含量总体呈下降趋势,而地下部与之相反,地上部钾含量呈下降-上升-下降的变化规律,地下部钾含量无明显变化,结果期(T4)氮、磷、钾元素净积累量最大。(3)生育期内11种营养元素积累量表现为氮>钙>钾>镁>磷>硫>铁>锰>锌>铜>硼。(4)叶中黄酮类成分积累量呈先升后降趋势。(5)相关性分析表明,黄酮类成分含量与镁、铁、铜含量协同作用显著,与硼、锰含量存在拮抗作用;逐步回归分析表明,氮、钙、锰、铁元素是影响叶中黄酮类成分含量的特征元素。可见,淫羊藿干物质积累与养分积累在结果期最为关键,应在结果期到达前施入大量元素,以氮肥和钾肥为主,保证镁、铁、铜元素供给。药效成分积累量在果后生长期最大,结合该试验结果与当地气候条件,建议甘肃临夏及相似地区淫羊藿叶片于9月上旬采收。
中图分类号:
段莹, 徐晓娟, 毛洁, 赵晨霞, 王惠珍, 陈红刚, 孟瑾瑾, 杜弢. 淫羊藿养分吸收规律及其与药效成分的关系[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(4): 504-517.
Ying DUAN, Xiaojuan XU, Jie MAO, Chenxia ZHAO, Huizhen WANG, Honggang CHEN, Jinjin MENG, Tao DU. Nutrient Absorption Characteristics of Epimedium brevicornu and Its Relationship with Pharmacodynamic Components[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(4): 504-517.
表1
不同生育时期淫羊藿农艺性状比较
时期 Period | 株幅 Plant width/ cm | 叶长 Leaf length/ cm | 叶宽 Leaf width/ cm | 叶柄长 Petiole length/ cm | 叶柄粗 Petiole diameter/mm | 总叶片数 Total leaf number | 叶柄数 Number of petioles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
返青期(T1) Regeneration period | 7.79±2.99d | 1.87±0.45d | 1.60±0.31c | 0.21±0.13b | 0.26±0.15c | 23.37±11.91b | 1.63±0.76c |
展叶期(T2) Leaf opening period | 12.56±2.42c | 2.29±0.31d | 1.89±0.29c | 4.57±0.84a | 0.70±0.14ab | 26.10±10.41b | 4.40±2.41bc |
开花期(T3) Flowering period | 16.73±4.14b | 2.44±0.35d | 2.11±0.35c | 4.74±1.12a | 0.73±0.14ab | 39.65±19.49ab | 6.90±2.59ab |
结果期(T4) Fruiting period | 16.89±5.71b | 3.32±1.50c | 3.10±1.58b | 5.06±1.16a | 0.78±0.12b | 47.92±24.00a | 9.40±3.94a |
果后生长期(T5) Post-fruiting period | 21.63±3.87a | 4.78±0.89a | 4.37±0.72a | 5.13±0.76a | 0.84±0.14a | 48.87±13.91a | 9.62±6.04a |
枯萎休眠期(T6) Withering dormancy period | 20.52±0.79a | 4.20±0.37b | 3.39±0.36b | 5.02±0.77a | 0.72±0.09ab | 48.00±3.16a | 9.50±2.88ab |
时期 Period | 叶厚 Leaf thickness/ mm | 分枝数 Number of branching | 叶面积 Leaf area/ cm2 | 根数 Number of roots | 根长 Root length/ cm | 地上部鲜质量 Aboveground fresh mass/g | 地下部鲜质量 Underground fresh mass/g |
返青期(T1) Regeneration period | 1.36±0.21c | 7.45±4.32c | 2.24±0.71e | 24.07±8.92c | 15.42±3.77c | 0.39±0.23c | 1.13±0.46c |
展叶期(T2) Leaf opening period | 1.69±0.33ab | 12.40±6.68bc | 3.43±0.60d | 36.05±9.80b | 15.81±4.71c | 0.93±0.35bc | 1.89±0.67c |
开花期(T3) Flowering period | 1.70±0.22ab | 16.51±7.69ab | 4.48±0.94d | 48.20±13.60b | 18.90±3.69b | 1.63±0.55b | 4.42±1.55b |
结果期(T4) Fruiting period | 1.76±0.25a | 27.08±16.37a | 10.54±1.52c | 56.54±18.64b | 19.66±2.34ab | 2.98±2.45a | 5.21±2.92b |
果后生长期(T5) Post-fruiting period | 1.79±0.11a | 27.47±11.41a | 13.56±1.45a | 95.93±24.42a | 19.71±4.29ab | 3.27±1.31a | 7.21±2.84a |
枯萎休眠期(T6) Withering dormancy period | 1.60±0.06b | 27.70±3.13a | 12.28±0.58b | 97.10±17.26a | 22.17±2.17a | 1.38±0.39b | 7.06±2.43a |
表2
不同生育时期淫羊藿氮、磷、钾元素净积累量
时期 Period | 氮净积累量 Net accumulation of nitrogen/ (g·m-2) | 磷净积累量 Net accumulation of phosphorus/ (g·m-2) | 钾净积累量 Net accumulation of potassium/ (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|
返青期(T1) Regeneration period | 0.390±0.002b | 0.056±0.002b | 0.136±0.010c |
展叶期(T2) Leaf opening period | 0.209±0.010b | 0.037±0.008d | 0.110±0.011c |
开花期(T3) Flowering period | 0.649±0.089a | 0.050±0.010bc | 0.291±0.003a |
结果期(T4) Fruiting period | 0.797±0.139a | 0.192±0.001a | 0.291±0.039a |
果后生长期(T5) Post-fruiting period | 0.675±0.133a | 0.045±0.002cd | 0.208±0.035b |
枯萎休眠期(T6) Withering dormancy period | -0.758±0.193c | -0.083±0.002e | -0.415±0.010d |
表3
不同生育时期淫羊藿中量元素质量分数 (mg·g-1)
时期 Period | 植株部分 Plant parts | ω(Ca) | ω(Mg) | ω(S) |
---|---|---|---|---|
返青期(T1) Regeneration period | 地上部Aboveground part | 11.81±0.02e | 2.22±0.05d | 1.36±0.02b |
地下部Underground part | 11.70±0.03a | 5.02±0.04a | 1.05±0.05a | |
展叶期(T2) Leaf opening period | 地上部Aboveground part | 12.18±0.04d | 2.32±0.02c | 0.98±0.04d |
地下部Underground part | 7.80±0.06b | 4.43±0.03c | 0.81±0.02b | |
开花期(T3) Flowering period | 地上部Aboveground part | 14.90±0.06c | 2.56±0.06b | 1.10±0.03c |
地下部Underground part | 6.97±0.02c | 4.70±0.08b | 0.54±0.03c | |
结果期(T4) Fruiting period | 地上部Aboveground part | 14.85±0.05c | 2.63±0.03b | 1.32±0.07b |
地下部Underground part | 5.96±0.04d | 4.09±0.05d | 0.79±0.07b | |
果后生长期(T5) Post-fruiting period | 地上部Aboveground part | 15.55±0.03b | 3.07±0.07a | 1.51±0.05a |
地下部Underground part | 4.54±0.05f | 3.33±0.02e | 0.85±0.04b | |
枯萎休眠期(T6) Withering dormancy period | 地上部Aboveground part | 25.04±0.04a | 3.15±0.04a | 1.33±0.01b |
地下部Underground part | 4.84±0.07e | 3.28±0.06e | 0.87±0.08b |
表4
不同生育时期淫羊藿微量元素质量分数 (mg·kg-1)
时期 Period | 植株部位 Plant parts | ω(B) | ω(Zn) | ω(Mn) | ω(Cu) | ω(Fe) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
返青期(T1) Regeneration period | 地上部Aboveground part | 10.70±0.05e | 11.84±0.51b | 83.95±1.21e | 12.75±0.06a | 772.42±10.00b |
地下部Underground part | 6.95±0.03b | 20.02±0.42b | 357.69±1.44a | 25.05±0.18a | 8 701.51±87.13a | |
展叶期(T2) Leaf opening period | 地上部Aboveground part | 5.97±0.03f | 4.25±0.02e | 85.91±0.39e | 6.74±0.08d | 369.18±4.02d |
地下部Underground part | 3.93±0.04c | 18.53±0.47cd | 303.14±1.81b | 15.56±0.03b | 8 298.35±22.85b | |
开花期(T3) Flowering period | 地上部Aboveground part | 11.88±0.06d | 3.97±0.30e | 186.94±2.09d | 5.18±0.08e | 274.24±2.25f |
地下部Underground part | 2.82±0.06e | 18.30±0.48cd | 296.50±2.95c | 13.44±0.11d | 7 860.26±139.91c | |
结果期(T4) Fruiting period | 地上部Aboveground part | 22.91±0.01c | 10.28±0.16c | 329.61±3.87c | 6.97±0.04c | 416.39±2.53c |
地下部Underground part | 9.36±0.07a | 22.21±0.50a | 246.80±2.50d | 13.83±0.14c | 5 672.62±31.73d | |
果后生长期(T5) Post-fruiting period | 地上部Aboveground part | 25.18±0.02b | 8.87±0.31d | 397.46±2.16b | 6.79±0.03d | 300.42±3.20e |
地下部Underground part | 2.77±0.06e | 18.63±0.60c | 223.81±1.59e | 12.17±0.01f | 5 413.32±32.37e | |
枯萎休眠期(T6) Withering dormancy period | 地上部Aboveground part | 29.50±0.08a | 16.08±0.40a | 721.07±0.76a | 7.58±0.05b | 2 518.64±10.96a |
地下部Underground part | 3.00±0.11d | 17.69±0.04d | 195.05±2.08f | 12.63±0.08e | 3 865.26±11.11f |
表5
淫羊藿不同生育时期各营养元素吸收比
时期 Period | N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg∶S | Fe∶Mn∶Cu∶Zn∶B |
---|---|---|
返青期(T1) Regeneration period | 18.65∶2.69∶6.56∶10.46∶3.91∶1 | 886.56∶37.96∶2.86∶2.33∶1 |
展叶期(T2) Leaf opening period | 17.40∶2.70∶7.16∶10.66∶4.33∶1 | 1 249.15∶50.73∶2.77∶3.03∶1 |
开花期(T3) Flowering period | 24.60∶2.83∶10.61∶13.21∶5.85∶1 | 1 054.46∶49.10∶2.05∶2.63∶1 |
结果期(T4) Fruiting period | 18.51∶3.07∶7.55∶9.31∶3.65∶1 | 269.44∶19.51∶0.81∶1.27∶1 |
果后生长期(T5) Post-fruiting period | 16.58∶2.33∶6.33∶7.41∶3.13∶1 | 429.55∶29.76∶1.16∶1.72∶1 |
枯萎休眠期(T6) Withering dormancy period | 20.75∶3.06∶6.61∶8.46∶3.46∶1 | 515.00∶38.93∶1.67∶2.46∶1 |
表6
营养元素含量与药效成分含量、农艺性状的逐步回归模型预测
因变量 Dependent variable | 模型 Model | R2 | F | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
朝藿定A Epimedin A | Y=0.303+5.494XN-495.149XMn+6.999XFe | 1.000 | 4 859.391 | ** |
朝藿定B Epimedin B | Y=0.553+25.877XN-1 367.752XMn | 0.979 | 71.188 | ** |
朝藿定C Epimedin C | Y=2.144+122.174XCa-5 952.561XMn | 0.994 | 258.393 | ** |
淫羊藿苷 Icariin | Y=-25.495+5 566.795XFe | 0.848 | 22.256 | ** |
总黄酮 Total flavonoids | Y=-3.055+73.506XN+713.107XFe | 0.973 | 53.977 | ** |
株幅 Plant width | Y=38.280-3 002.746XFe | 0.815 | 17.675 | * |
叶长 Leaf length | Y=8.309-694.791XFe | 0.855 | 23.565 | ** |
叶宽 Leaf width | Y=7.902-685.796XFe | 0.885 | 30.778 | ** |
分枝数 Number of branching | Y=59.977-5 344.963XFe | 0.925 | 49.036 | ** |
总叶片数 Total leaf number | Y=76.450-1 426 902.865XCu | 0.928 | 51.638 | ** |
叶面积 Leaf area | Y=30.821-3 110.58XFe | 0.950 | 76.528 | ** |
叶柄数 Number of petioles | Y=20.403-1 866.023XFe | 0.885 | 30.664 | ** |
叶柄粗 Petiole diameter | Y=1.782-5.946XN-9.896XK-8 758.866XB-23 553.768XCu | 1.000 | 31 469.475 | ** |
叶柄长 Petiole length | Y=12.349-115.025XN-158 359.344XCu | 0.994 | 257.861 | ** |
叶厚 Leaf thickness | Y=2.220+12.154XK-8.487XCa-22 648.549XCu | 1.000 | 1 723.271 | ** |
根数 Number of roots | Y=183.213-16 786.825XFe | 0.784 | 14.508 | * |
根长 Root length | Y=11.640+12 202.506XMn | 0.806 | 16.656 | * |
地上部鲜质量 Aboveground fresh mass | Y=10.988-3 743.630XMn-956.20XFe | 0.973 | 53.953 | ** |
地下部鲜质量 Underground fresh mass | Y=15.846-1 532.821XFe | 0.868 | 26.412 | ** |
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