Genetic characterization of the entire range of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae)

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2019.10.001

Plant Diversity ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (01): 7-18.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.10.001

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Genetic characterization of the entire range of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae)

Siyue Xiao^a,b, Yunheng Ji^a, Jian Liu^a, Xun Gong^a

a Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei RD, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan province, 650201, China;
b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China

Received:2019-02-26 Revised:2019-10-03 Online:2020-02-29 Published:2020-02-25
Contact: Xun Gong
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YF0505200). The authors thank Fangming Zhang for her assistance with plant sampling, and Xiuyan Feng, Rui Yang and Yujuan Zhao for their help and discussion of data analyses.

Genetic characterization of the entire range of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae)

Siyue Xiao^a,b, Yunheng Ji^a, Jian Liu^a, Xun Gong^a

a Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei RD, Panlong District, Kunming, Yunnan province, 650201, China;
b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China

通讯作者: Xun Gong
作者简介:Siyue Xiao，xiaosiyue@mail.kib.ac.cn；Yunheng Ji，jiyh@mail.kib.ac.cn；Jian Liu，liujian@mail.kib.ac.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YF0505200). The authors thank Fangming Zhang for her assistance with plant sampling, and Xiuyan Feng, Rui Yang and Yujuan Zhao for their help and discussion of data analyses.

Abstract

Abstract: Cycas panzhihuaensis L. Zhou & S. Y. Yang (Cycadaceae) is an endangered gymnosperm species endemic to the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River basin in southwest China. Although the wild C. panzhihuaensis population from Panzhihua Cycad Natural Reserve is well protected and its genetic diversity has been well assessed, the genetic characteristics of populations outside the nature reserve, which face larger risks of extinction, remain unknown. Furthermore, the population genetics and historical dynamics of this endemic and endangered species have not been examined across its entire range. In this study, to analyze the genetic diversity, phylogeographical structure and demographic history of C. panzhihuaensis from all its seven known locations, we sequenced and compared molecular data from chloroplastic DNA (psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnS-trnG), single-copy nuclear genes (PHYP, AC5, HSP70, and AAT) from 61 individuals, as well as 11 nuclear microsatellite loci (SSR) from 102 individuals. We found relatively high genetic diversity within populations and high genetic differentiation among populations of C. panzhihuaensis, which is consistent with the patterns of other Asian inland cycads. Although no significant phylogeographical structure was detected, we found that small and unprotected populations possess higher genetic diversity and more unique haplotypes, which revises our understanding of diversity within this species and deserves due attention. Analysis of demographic dynamics suggest that human activity might be the key threat to C. panzhihuaensis. Based on the genetic characterization of C. panzhihuaensis, we propose several practical guidelines for the conservation of this species, especially for the populations with small sizes.

Key words: Cycas panzhihuaensis, Conservation, Genetic diversity, Phylogeography, Chloroplast and nuclear DNA, Microsatellite

摘要： Cycas panzhihuaensis L. Zhou & S. Y. Yang (Cycadaceae) is an endangered gymnosperm species endemic to the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River basin in southwest China. Although the wild C. panzhihuaensis population from Panzhihua Cycad Natural Reserve is well protected and its genetic diversity has been well assessed, the genetic characteristics of populations outside the nature reserve, which face larger risks of extinction, remain unknown. Furthermore, the population genetics and historical dynamics of this endemic and endangered species have not been examined across its entire range. In this study, to analyze the genetic diversity, phylogeographical structure and demographic history of C. panzhihuaensis from all its seven known locations, we sequenced and compared molecular data from chloroplastic DNA (psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnS-trnG), single-copy nuclear genes (PHYP, AC5, HSP70, and AAT) from 61 individuals, as well as 11 nuclear microsatellite loci (SSR) from 102 individuals. We found relatively high genetic diversity within populations and high genetic differentiation among populations of C. panzhihuaensis, which is consistent with the patterns of other Asian inland cycads. Although no significant phylogeographical structure was detected, we found that small and unprotected populations possess higher genetic diversity and more unique haplotypes, which revises our understanding of diversity within this species and deserves due attention. Analysis of demographic dynamics suggest that human activity might be the key threat to C. panzhihuaensis. Based on the genetic characterization of C. panzhihuaensis, we propose several practical guidelines for the conservation of this species, especially for the populations with small sizes.

关键词: Cycas panzhihuaensis, Conservation, Genetic diversity, Phylogeography, Chloroplast and nuclear DNA, Microsatellite

Siyue Xiao, Yunheng Ji, Jian Liu, Xun Gong. Genetic characterization of the entire range of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2020, 42(01): 7-18.

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Genetic characterization of the entire range of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae)

Genetic characterization of the entire range of Cycas panzhihuaensis (Cycadaceae)

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