Conservation Genetics of an Endemic Plant, Anemoclema glaucifolium, in the Jinsha River Valley

doi:10.7677/ynzwyj201312130

Abstract

Abstract:

Anemoclema W.T. Wang, a monotypic genus of Ranunculaceae, is endemic to the Jinsha River Valley in southwest China. Combining field investigation with molecular marker analysis (SNPs), we investigated the genetic diversity and genetic structure of A.glaucifolium. Analysis of three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions (rps16 intron, psbAtrnH intergenic spacer and trnCycf6 intergenic spacer) revealed a low level of genetic diversity within the species, but high divergence among populations. This genetic structure is possibly caused by a long period of historical geographic isolation, a relatively narrow distribution range and limited gene flow due to habitat fragmentation. Hydropower stations are scheduled to be built in the Jinsha River drainage system in areas that overlap the range of A.glaucifolium and as a result of their construction the habitats of A.glaucifolium will be flooded or adversely affected in other ways, thus threatening the survival of the species. The results of our analysis of genetic diversity in A.glaucifolium are of value for developing an appropriate conservation strategy for this vulnerable species.

Key words: Anemoclema glaucifolium, cpDNA, SNPs, Genetic diversity, Conservation genetics

摘要：

毛茛科的罂粟莲花(Anemoclema glaucifolium)是中国西南部金沙江河谷地带特有的单种属植物。本研究利用分子生物学手段（SNPs），对罂粟莲花的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了研究。三个叶绿体片段(rps16内含子，psbAtrnH 基因间隔区以及trnCycf6基因间隔区)联合分析的结果显示低的遗传多样性和高的遗传分化。这可能是由于居群间长期的地理隔离，狭小的分布区以及生境片段化造成的有限的基因流所引起的。如今在金沙江上修建水电站的位置与罂粟莲花的分布区有部分重叠，这些水电站会淹没罂粟莲花的部分个体和生境，并且改变生态环境，威胁罂粟莲花的生存。本研究对罂粟莲花遗传多样性的研究为制定有效的保护策略提供了信息。

关键词: 罂粟莲花, 叶绿体DNA, 单核苷酸多样性, 遗传多样性, 保护遗传学

CLC Number:

Q 16
Q 75

GUAN Meng-Meng-, MA Rui-, GONG Xun. Conservation Genetics of an Endemic Plant, Anemoclema glaucifolium, in the Jinsha River Valley[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(5): 555-562.

官萌萌1、2, 马瑞1, 龚洵1. 金沙江河谷特有植物罂粟莲花的保护遗传学[J]. Plant Diversity, 2013, 35(5): 555-562.

References

Arthur JL, Camm JD, Haight RG et al., 2004. Weighing conservation objectives: maximum expected coverage versus endangered species protection［J］. Ecological Applications, 14 (6): 1936—1945
Caicedo AL, Schaal BA, 2004. Population structure and phylogeography of Solanum pimpinellifolium inferred from a nuclear gene［J］. Molecular Ecology, 13 (7): 1871—1882
Caughley G, Gunn A, 1996. Conservation Biology in Theory and Practice［M］. Oxford: Blackwell Science Inc
Chen S, Wu G, Zhang D et al., 2008. Potential refugium on the QinghaiTibet Plateau revealed by the chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the alpine species Metagentiana striata (Gentianaceae) ［J］. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 157 (1): 125—140
Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA, 2000. TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies［J］. Molecular Ecology, 9 (10): 1657—1659
Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue［J］. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19 (1): 11—15
Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S, 2005. Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis［J］. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, 1: 47—50
Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM, 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data［J］. Genetics, 131 (2): 479—491
Frankham R, Ballou JD, Briscoe DA, 2002. Introduction to Conservation Genetics［M］. Britain: Cambridge University Press
Hall TA, 1999. BioEdit: a userfriendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95—98
Hamrick JL, Godt MJW, ShermanBroyles SL, 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species［J］. New Forests, 6 (1): 95—124
Hedrick PW, Miller PS, 1992. Conservation genetics: techniques and fundamentals［J］. Ecological Applications, 2 (1): 30—46
Jin ZZ (金振洲), 2002. Floristic Features of DryHot and DryWarm Valleys in Yunnan and Sichuan (滇川干热河谷与干暖河谷植物区系特征) ［M］. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press
Jin ZZ, Ou XK, Ou PD et al., 1994. A preliminary study on the floristic characteristics of seed plants in the dryhot river valley of JinShaJiang［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 16 (1): 1—16
Li XW, Li J, 1993. A preliminary floristic study on the seed plants from the region of Hengduan Mountain［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 15 (3): 217—231
Liu L, 1980. Flora of China (Vol.28) ［M］. Beijing: Science press
Marshall D, Brown A, 1975. Optimum sampling strategies in genetic conservation［J］. Crop Genetic Resources for Today and Tomorrow, 53—80
Mu J, Li ZB, Li P et al., 2010. A study on vegetation restoration technology of abandoned dreg site of hydropower station in the dry hot valley areas［J］. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 18: 245—251
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG et al., 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities［J］. Nature, 403 (6772): 853—858
Nei M, Li WH, 1979. Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases［J］. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA, 76 (10): 5269
Nei M, Tajima F, 1983. Maximum likelihood estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions from restriction sites data［J］. Genetics, 105 (1): 207
Petit RJ, 1999. Diversitégénétique et histoire des populations d’arbres forestiers［J］. Dossier d’habilitaion à diriger des recherches, Université de ParisSud, Université Formation de Recherche Scientifique d’Orsay, Paris, France
Rogers AR, Harpending H, 1992. Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences［J］. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 9 (3): 552—569
Rozas J, SánchezDelBarrio JC, Messeguer X et al., 2003. DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods［J］. Bioinformatics, 19 (18): 2496—2497
Templeton AR, Sing CF, 1993. A cladistic analysis of phenotypic associations with haplotypes inferred from restriction endonuclease mapping. IV. Nested analyses with cladogram uncertainty and recombination［J］. Genetics, 134 (2): 659—669
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F et al., 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools［J］. Nucleic Acids Research, 25 (24): 4876—4882
Wakeley J, 2008. Coalescent Theory［M］. USA: Roberts & Company
Wang W, Lu AM, Ren Y et al., 2009. Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data［J］. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 11 (2): 81—110
Wang Y, Wu JQ, Tao Y et al., 2003. Natural distribution and ex situ conservation of endemic species Myricaria laxiflora in waterlevelfluctuation zone within ThreeGorges Reservoir area of Changjiang river［J］. Jounal of Wuhan Botanical Research (武汉植物学研究), 21 (5): 415—422
Wright S, 1931. Evolution in Mendelian populations［J］. Genetics, 16 (2): 97
Wu JQ, Zhao ZE, Jin YX et al., 1998. Investigation and study on the endemic plant Myricaria laxiflora in the ThreeGorge reservoir area［J］. Jounal of Wuhan Botanical Research (武汉植物学研究), 16 (2): 111—116
Young A, Boyle T, Brown T, 1996. The population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation for plants［J］. Trends in Eco
logy & Evolution, 11 (10): 413—418
Zhang GL, Gong X, 2002. The karyotype analysis of Anemoclema glaucifolium and Heteroplexis microcephala both endimic to China［J］. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (云南植物研究), 24 (6): 765—768

[1]	Mustaqeem Ahmad, Ya-Huang Luo (罗亚皇), Sonia Rathee, Robert A. Spicer, Jian Zhang (张健), Moses C. Wambulwa, Guang-Fu Zhu (朱光福), Marc W. Cadotte, Zeng-Yuan Wu (吴增源), Shujaul Mulk Khan, Debabrata Maity, De-Zhu Li (李德铢), Jie Liu (刘杰). Multifaceted plant diversity patterns across the Himalaya: Status and outlook [J]. Plant Diversity, 2025, 47(04): 529-543.
[2]	Javier Hernández-Velasco, José Ciro Hernández-Díaz, Sergio Leonel Simental-Rodríguez, Juan P. Jaramillo-Correa, David S. Gernandt, José Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Ilga Porth, Roos Goessen, M. Socorro González-Elizondo, Matthias Fladung, Cuauhtémoc Sáenz-Romero, José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos, Artemio Carrillo-Parra, Eduardo Mendoza-Maya, Arnulfo Blanco-García, Christian Wehenkel. Causes of heterozygosity excess: The case of Mexican populations of Populus tremuloides [J]. Plant Diversity, 2025, 47(03): 415-428.
[3]	Jianchao Liang, Zhifeng Ding, Ganwen Lie, Zhixin Zhou, Zhixiang Zhang, Huijian Hu. Climate-driven environmental filtering determines hump-shaped elevational pattern of seed plant beta diversity in the central Himalayas [J]. Plant Diversity, 2025, 47(02): 264-272.
[4]	Hong Qian, Oriol Grau. Geographic patterns and ecological causes of phylogenetic structure in mosses along an elevational gradient in the central Himalaya [J]. Plant Diversity, 2025, 47(01): 98-105.
[5]	Zhiliang Yao, Xia Pan, Xin Yang, Xiaona Shao, Bin Wang, Yun Deng, Zhiming Zhang, Qiaoming Li, Luxiang Lin. Canopy structural heterogeneity drives α and β species-genetic diversity correlations in a Chinese subtropical forest [J]. Plant Diversity, 2025, 47(01): 106-114.
[6]	Linjiang Ye, Robabeh Shahi Shavvon, Hailing Qi, Hongyu Wu, Pengzhen Fan, Mohammad Nasir Shalizi, Safiullah Khurram, Mamadzhanov Davletbek, Yerlan Turuspekov, Jie Liu. Population genetic insights into the conservation of common walnut (Juglans regia) in Central Asia [J]. Plant Diversity, 2024, 46(05): 600-610.
[7]	Yixian Li, Xuyao Zhao, Manli Xia, Xinzeng Wei, Hongwei Hou. Temperature is a cryptic factor shaping the geographical pattern of genetic variation in Ceratophyllum demersum across a subtropical freshwater lake [J]. Plant Diversity, 2024, 46(05): 630-639.
[8]	Peng-Cheng Fu, Qiao-Qiao Guo, Di Chang, Qing-Bo Gao, Shan-Shan Sun. Cryptic diversity and rampant hybridization in annual gentians on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by population genomic analysis [J]. Plant Diversity, 2024, 46(02): 194-205.
[9]	Miao-Miao Li, Muditha K. Meegahakumbura, Moses C. Wambulwa, Kevin S. Burgess, Michael Möller, Zong-Fang Shen, De-Zhu Li, Lian-Ming Gao. Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) [J]. Plant Diversity, 2024, 46(02): 229-237.
[10]	Hong Qian, Jian Zhang, Meichen Jiang. Global patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of flowering plants:Biodiversity hotspots and coldspots [J]. Plant Diversity, 2023, 45(03): 265-271.
[11]	Han-Yang Lin, Miao Sun, Ya-Jun Hao, Daijiang Li, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Cheng-Xin Fu, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Yun-Peng Zhao. Phylogenetic diversity of eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct plants is mainly associated with divergence time [J]. Plant Diversity, 2023, 45(01): 27-35.
[12]	Moses C. Wambulwa, Peng-Zhen Fan, Richard Milne, Zeng-Yuan Wu, Ya-Huang Luo, Yue-Hua Wang, Hong Wang, Lian-Ming Gao, Zuo-Ying Xiahou, Ye-Chuan Jin, Lin-Jiang Ye, Zu-Chang Xu, Zhi-Chun Yang, De-Zhu Li, Jie Liu. Genetic analysis of walnut cultivars from southwest China: Implications for germplasm improvement [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(06): 530-541.
[13]	Xiaxia Li, Lijun Qiao, Birong Chen, Yujie Zheng, Chengchen Zhi, Siyu Zhang, Yupeng Pan, Zhihui Cheng. SSR markers development and their application in genetic diversity evaluation of garlic (Allium sativum) germplasm [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(05): 481-491.
[14]	Ya-Zhou Zhang, Li-Shen Qian, Xu-Fang Chen, Lu Sun, Hang Sun, Jian-Guo Chen. Diversity patterns of cushion plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A basic study for future conservation efforts on alpine ecosystems [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(03): 231-242.
[15]	Qiao-Ming Li, Chao-Nan Cai, Wu-Mei Xu, Min Cao, Li-Qing Sha, Lu-Xiang Lin, Tian-Hua He. Adaptive genetic diversity of dominant species contributes to species co-existence and community assembly [J]. Plant Diversity, 2022, 44(03): 271-278.