Abstract: With the acceleration of extinction of species, biodiversity conservation is extensively concerned. The extinction of species is concerned with the degree of threat by biotic and abiotic factors. So, taking action to preserve plant species is very necessary and paramount before their extinction. One of the most effective biological techniques to conserve the biodiversity is the establishment of genebanks, i. e. ex situ conservation. The elucidation of various factors that regulate seed viability and vigor in storage is essential . An ideal condition to prolong the longevity is mainly depended on seed water
content, temperature, humidity and types of containers used during storage. The optimum stage of seed maturity, harvesting techniques and processing , in addition to physiological features such as degree of dormancy, also play key roles in seed storage. Certainly, desiccated seeds deteriorate with time even under extremely good genebanking conditions. According to seed storage behavior, it is necessary to consider three principal factors: storage environment, storage duration and plant species which will affect seed survival under good genebanking conditions. The present review is an attempt to discuss the importance of the aforementioned aspects of seeds in detail in order to conserve plant germplasms ( especially wild rare and endangered plants) for ex situ conservation through seed-gene bank.

Key words: Biodiversity

摘要： 一个物种的灭绝是与其受生物因子和非生物因子的威胁程度相关的。随着物种的加速绝灭, 保护生物多样性受到广泛地关注。保护生物多样性的最有效的生物技术之一是建立种子基因库, 进行迁地保护。种子库理想的贮藏条件主要取决于种子含水量、贮藏环境(如温度和湿度) 和贮存种子的容器。进行种子贮藏, 了解种子生命力和活力的影响因子的作用机理是十分重要和必要的。除了种子自身的生理特征外,种子的贮藏寿命与种子成熟度、收获技术、加工处理方法也是息息相关的。即使在最适的库存条件下, 种子也会随时间发生劣变。因此, 必须根据种子特定的贮藏行为, 加以考虑影响种子存活的3 个主要方面( 贮藏环境、贮藏期和植物种类) 而选择有效的贮藏方案。本文试图讨论种子贮藏生理的几个重要方面及其需解决的技术问题, 以便更好地通过种子基因库, 长期有效地保存植物种质资源。

关键词: 生物多样性, 种子库, 植物种质, 种子贮藏行为, 种子生命力与活力, 贮藏寿命FONT