Effects of neighborhood diversity on herbivory in early-stage forests in southern China

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2025.09.008

Plant Diversity ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (02): 381-388.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2025.09.008

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Effects of neighborhood diversity on herbivory in early-stage forests in southern China

Zhi-Qiang Shen^a,b,c,d, Xian-Hui Zhu^d, Ming-Qiang Wang^e, Ming Ni^f, Wen-Da Cheng^g, Wei Lin^d, Cheng-Jin Chu^g, You-Shi Wang^d

a. Anhui Key Laboratory of Mining Construction Engineering, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
b. Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
c. State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Huainan 232001, China;
d. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
e. Mountain Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
f. Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark;
g. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China

Received:2025-04-30 Revised:2025-09-10 Online:2026-05-19 Published:2026-03-25
Contact: You-Shi Wang,E-mail:wangysh25@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
We are grateful to the MAPPING team for coordinating the fieldwork necessary to establish this experiment. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32330064), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2025A1515012138), the Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology (2022yjrc07), the Open Project Program Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction, Ministry of Education (Anhui University of Science and Technology) (JYBGCZX2023104), the Anhui Key Laboratory of Mining Construction Engineering (Anhui University of Science and Technology), and the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Sun Yat-sen University) (2024SKLBC-KF01).

Effects of neighborhood diversity on herbivory in early-stage forests in southern China

Zhi-Qiang Shen^a,b,c,d, Xian-Hui Zhu^d, Ming-Qiang Wang^e, Ming Ni^f, Wen-Da Cheng^g, Wei Lin^d, Cheng-Jin Chu^g, You-Shi Wang^d

a. Anhui Key Laboratory of Mining Construction Engineering, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
b. Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China;
c. State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Huainan 232001, China;
d. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
e. Mountain Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
f. Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark;
g. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China

通讯作者: You-Shi Wang,E-mail:wangysh25@mail.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
We are grateful to the MAPPING team for coordinating the fieldwork necessary to establish this experiment. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32330064), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2025A1515012138), the Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology (2022yjrc07), the Open Project Program Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction, Ministry of Education (Anhui University of Science and Technology) (JYBGCZX2023104), the Anhui Key Laboratory of Mining Construction Engineering (Anhui University of Science and Technology), and the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol (Sun Yat-sen University) (2024SKLBC-KF01).

Abstract

Abstract: Herbivory plays important roles in forest ecosystems and is thought to be influenced by tree diversity. However, it is unclear whether, and if so how, tree diversity confers associational resistance or associational susceptibility to neighboring trees. In this study, our overall aim is to test whether biodiversity confers associational resistance or associational susceptibility to herbivores in tree species during the early stages of forest development. For this purpose, we examined whether tree species diversity affects herbivore damage in the early stages of forest development and what factors mediate the interaction between tree diversity and herbivory. We found that in some cases herbivory was related to species identity, e.g., Erythrophleum fordii was more susceptible to leaf chewers when surrounded by diverse neighbors. In other cases (i.e., Castanopsis carlesii and Elaeocarpus sylvestris), herbivory was positively associated with tree apparency. Additionally, we found that early-stage damage constrains growth in several species (e.g., C. carlesii and E. sylvestris), highlighting a previously underappreciated pathway through which diversity can shape long-term stand dynamics. Thus, herbivore damage in young subtropical plantations is not only governed by diversity but also by a three-way interplay between the identity of focal tree species, neighborhood diversity, and focal tree apparency, showing signs of associational susceptibility. Our finding that reduced tree apparency contributes to associational resistance in young trees can inform more effective forest management strategies.

Key words: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, Herbivore damage, Neighborhood diversity, Plant-herbivore interactions, Tree apparency

摘要： Herbivory plays important roles in forest ecosystems and is thought to be influenced by tree diversity. However, it is unclear whether, and if so how, tree diversity confers associational resistance or associational susceptibility to neighboring trees. In this study, our overall aim is to test whether biodiversity confers associational resistance or associational susceptibility to herbivores in tree species during the early stages of forest development. For this purpose, we examined whether tree species diversity affects herbivore damage in the early stages of forest development and what factors mediate the interaction between tree diversity and herbivory. We found that in some cases herbivory was related to species identity, e.g., Erythrophleum fordii was more susceptible to leaf chewers when surrounded by diverse neighbors. In other cases (i.e., Castanopsis carlesii and Elaeocarpus sylvestris), herbivory was positively associated with tree apparency. Additionally, we found that early-stage damage constrains growth in several species (e.g., C. carlesii and E. sylvestris), highlighting a previously underappreciated pathway through which diversity can shape long-term stand dynamics. Thus, herbivore damage in young subtropical plantations is not only governed by diversity but also by a three-way interplay between the identity of focal tree species, neighborhood diversity, and focal tree apparency, showing signs of associational susceptibility. Our finding that reduced tree apparency contributes to associational resistance in young trees can inform more effective forest management strategies.

关键词: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, Herbivore damage, Neighborhood diversity, Plant-herbivore interactions, Tree apparency

Zhi-Qiang Shen, Xian-Hui Zhu, Ming-Qiang Wang, Ming Ni, Wen-Da Cheng, Wei Lin, Cheng-Jin Chu, You-Shi Wang. Effects of neighborhood diversity on herbivory in early-stage forests in southern China[J]. Plant Diversity, 2026, 48(02): 381-388.

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Effects of neighborhood diversity on herbivory in early-stage forests in southern China

Effects of neighborhood diversity on herbivory in early-stage forests in southern China

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