The taxonomy of Cheilanthoid ferns is difficult due to morphological convergence， and there are only five species in Paragymnopteris， the taxonomy of this genus is still controversial with its members assigned to several different genera by different scholars. In this paper， the phylogenetic relationships between Paragymnopteris and other cheilanthoid fernsbased on the datasets of seven tandem chloroplast gene segments， the chloroplast genome， and the ribosomal DNA were investigated， respectively. The results showed that these three genera formed a well-supported monophyletic clade and constituted the pellaeoid group. The five species of Paragymnopteris formed two clades and each clustered with members of Pellaea. Based on the above results， this study suggested that the Pellaea should be redefined and incorporated with the Paragymnopteris into the same genus.

A species named Corydalis bulbilligera C.Y.Wu of sect. Elatae Fedde，from Shaanxi Province is newly recorded. Complementary description on the morphology， especially fruit characteristics， of C. nanwutaishanensis Z.Y.Su & Lidén and C. virginea Lidén & Z.Y.Su， which were endemic to Shaanxi province， was provided. The morphological comparison of the above mentioned three species was made， and the key table of species classification of sect. Elatae in Shaanxi Province was also compiled.

Primula lithophila was an early species published on plant specimens， and curremt literature of its phenological period and many biological characteristics were incorrectly described， which made it difficult to define the species. This study adopted methods such as field investigation， literature review， specimen collection， and morphological feature comparison in the type locality， the supplementary description of its phenological period and biological characteristics was provided. The results indicated that： the petioles of P. lithophila did not have wings， and color was pink with few white， scape 10-25 cm length， pedicel 15-30 mm length， corolla tube about 16 mm and limb diameter 10-15 mm respectively. Capsule tubular， about 3 mm long， approximately half long of the persistent calyx. The flowering period was from September to February， and the fruiting period was from March to June. In addition， two new recorded species： P. pelargoniifolia G.Hao， C.M.Hu & Z.Y.Liu and P. tardiflora（C.M.Hu） C.M.Hu， were reported.

In order to understand the history of plant specimen collection in the Middle East Railway area in the 20th Century， the collection history of plant specimens from Heilongjiang Provincial Museum was systematically sorted out through the digital informationization， and a large number of relevant documents were consulted and analyzed. A total of 3 659 numbered plant specimens collected along the Middle Eastern Railway were sorted out， including 1 500 species of plants in 137 families and 578 genera， 20 wild plants under national key protection. The main collectors include T. P. Gordeev， V. N. Jernakov， V. S. Pokrvsky， I. V. Kozlov from the former Soviet Union， and Liu De from China. The collection covered five provinces， most of which were collected from Heilongjiang Province and the eastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， and a few were collected from Liaoning， Jilin and Hebei Province， 77.23% of the specimens were collected before 1949. Most families collected were Asteraceae， Poaceae and Rosaceae， accounted for 28.50% of the total plant specimens， and Artemisia， Salix， and Carex， accounted for 7.29% of the total plant specimens. Based the information， the current collated information might help to fill in the gaps in the history of plant collection in northeast China and provided reliable reference data for future research on plant classification， flora and phytogeography in northeast China and Inner Mongolia.

A variety of Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz.（Rosaceae）， Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz. var. glandulosus L.T.Lu， was described as new from southern Sichuan， China. The diagnostic differences between this new variety and Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz. var. chrysobotrys and the key to varieties of Rubus chrysobotrys Hand.-Mazz. were given， and photos of vouchers were provided.

Based on field investigation and specimen identification in Gexigou National Nature Reserve， six families， seven genera， six species， one subspecies and one variety were identified as new records in Sichuan Province， viz. Populus wuana C. Wang et Tung（Salicaceae）， Lonicera spinosa Jacq. ex Walp.（Caprifoliaceae）， Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim.subsp. yushuense Fang et S.X.Wang（Ericaceae）， Ligularia confertiflora Chang（Asteraceae）， Rhodiola serrata H. Ohba（Crassulaceae）， Meconopsis racemosa var. spinulifera（L.H.Zhou） C.Y.Wu et H.Chuang（Papaveraceae）， Taraxacum luridum Hagl.（Asteraceae）， Taraxacum pseudoatratum Oraz.（Asteraceae）， voucher specimens（GAO20230301-08） were preserved in the herbarium of Yibin University.

Oreocharis parvifolia， a perennial herb in Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss.， was originally collected by French missionary J.P.Cavalerie in Guizhou in 1908， and published as a new species by Pan Kaiyu in 1988. However， there was no further related collections records and images for the next 100 years. Based on literature and type sample research， combined with field investigation， the type origin of this species was confirmed in August 2022， the supplementary morphological was described， and color photos and distribution point information were provided.

Asplenium×akaishiense Otsuka， a new recorded species in China， was collected from Mount Taishan， Tai’an， Shandong Province， and the morphological characteristics of A.×akaishiense Otsuka was described. It was speculated that the plant might be a natural hybrid of A. ruprechtii Sa. Kurata and A. tenuicaule Hayata， for its morphology was between the two parents.

According to Article 9.2 of International Code of Nomenclature for algae， fungi， and plants（Shenzhen Code）， the typographical errors in the protologues of nine taxon names（Monocotyledoneae） in China were corrected， including Puccinellia degeensis L. Liu， P. multiflora L. Liou， Diuranthera inarticulata F. T. Wang & K. Y. Lang， Bulbophyllum colomaculosum Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen， B. sphaericum Z. H. Tsi & H. Li， Cypripedium sichuanense Perner， Oberonia delicata Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen， Phaius magniflorus Z. H. Tsi & S. C. Chen and Sarcoglyphis magnirostris Z. H. Tsi， the holotypes of these species were deposited at China National Herbarium（PE）， Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The correct scientific name is the only international name of a species， which could reduce ambiguity in communication， but it would cause confusion in research and production if it is used incorrectly. As a hotspot plant Family， there were some problems of changes in scientific names in Gesneriaceae. Since the publication of Stauranthera grandifolia Benth.， different forms of the epithet， grandifolia and grandiflora， were used in various literatures. By checking related literatures， this paper confirms that the correct epithet should be grandifolia according to the Articles of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae， Fungi， and Plants.

Three moss species， including Ctenidium malacodes， Ulota crispula and Ulota intermedia， were reported as new records and collected from Gongga Mt. in Sichuan， and all specimens were deposited in the Herbarium， Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Sciences（PE）. We provided detailed morphological descriptions and photos and discuss their main differences from neighboring species. The bryophyte diversity in Gongga Mt. area is very high， which is worthy of further investigation and research.

In order to explore the taxonomic composition of Paris fargesii Franch.， the morphological characteristics， phenological period， phytochemistry， molecular biology and geographical distribution of P. fargesii Franch. were compared and analyzed respectively. The results showed that there were five taxa， including P. fargesii var. fargesii， P. fargesii var. latipetala， P. fargesii var. brevipetalata， P. fargesii var. macrosepala and the black patch population. All of them differed in morphology， phenological period， steroidal saponins composition and ITS sequence， and had their own geographical distribution range. The phenological period and chemical composition of P. fargesii var. petiolata were closer to P. delavayi， and clustered into one branch in the ITS phylogenetic tree， and there was a transitional group between them. Therefore， P. fargesii var. petiolata should be removed from P. fargesii，as a variety of P. delavayi， which scientific name was P. delavayi var. petiolata. It was speculated that the infraspecific evolution order of P. fargesii was P. fargesii var. brevipetalata→P. fargesii var. latipetala→P. fargesii var. fargesii→P. fargesii var. macrosepala， black patch population.

Nutlet morphology and micromorphology of 27 species with four varieties of Carex sect. Paniceae were observed under scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results showed that：（1）The nutlet shape of all samples（beak excluded） were obovoid trigonous， with the length ranged from 1.53-3.59 mm. The nutlet length between different populations of the same species revealed stability and no significant difference exist by statistical analysis. （2）The epidermal cells were five to seven gonal， rarely four or eight， which was various within the different individuals of C. rouyana. The anticlinal wall was straight or microwave， and silica platform was flat， occasionally concave or slightly convex， with solitary central silica body but without satellite body. Whereas each epidermal cell of C. filipes var. kuzakaiensis and C. filipes var. tremula occasionally had two central silica bodies. （3）Based on the shape of epidermal cells， numbers of central silica platform， some species were distinguished from similar species， such as C. baimaensis and C. filipes， and it was also valuable to distinguish the varieties of C. filipes， ie. var. kuzakaiensis， var. oligostachys and var. tremula. （4）Sections Paniceae s.s. and Laxiflorae had a high consistency in the morphology and micromorphology of nutlets. It indicated that the morphology and micromorphology of nutlets were of great importance of taxonomic significance.

Orthotrichum tortifolium Lewinsky， an endemic to Bhutan， was recently first reported in China. Two specimens were collected by us in April， 2021 from Gongga Mountain Nature Reserve， Sichuan. The morphology was well consistent with the type of O. tortifolium. It was remarkably characterized by the flexuose to crisped leaves and the high basal membrane of endostome segments， which were rare in Orthotrichum. We provided detailed morphological description and photos here， and discussed its main differences from close species.

According to Article 9.2 of International Code of Nomenclature for algae， fungi， and plants（Shenzhen Code）， the typographical errors in the protologues of 11 taxon names in vascular plants in China were corrected， including Ostodes kuangii Y. T. Chang， Carpinus lancilimba Hu， Santiria yunnanensis Hu， Angiopteris caudipinna Ching， Astragalus longicalyx C. C. Ni & P. C. Li， Camellia vietnamensis T. C. Huang ex Hu， Onosma waddellii f. latifolium W. T. Wang， Viola microdonta C. C. Chang， Cyclosorus scaberulus Ching， Acer chunii subsp. dimorphophyllum Fang and Miscanthus lutarioriparius L. Liu ex S. L.Chen & Renvoize. The holotypes of these names were deposited at China National Herbarium（PE）， Institute of Botany， Chinese Academy of Sciences.

A new peltate-leaved species of the genus Begonia（Begoniaceae）， B. holostyla， was described and illustrated by photos. The new species was similar to B. pulvinifera in its peltate leaves and black dots on fruits， but differed in its styles combined to a half（vs combined at base）， lunate stigma without a spiraled band（vs 2-cleft in a spiraled band）. Additionally， the relationship of geographical distribution and morphology with the similar species， B. pulvinifera， was discussed.

Northeast China is the richest area of lycophytes and ferns in northern China， and systematic study on its flora is the basis and premise of regional lycophyte and fern resource management. In this study， based on literature analysis and specimen review， the flora and characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Northeast China were explored. The results showed that： ①There were 141 taxa（species and intraspecific taxa）， which belonged to 48 genera of 19 families. ②The flora of lycophytes and fern in Northeast China was temperate， with ancient tropical origins and cold zone components， which indicated the complexity of its geographical composition. ③Predominant families and genera were obvious： the number of species in seven dominant families accounted for 63.83% of the total number of species， and six dominant genera for 46.10%. There were also many monotypic genera and oligotypic genera with two or three species， accounting for 83.33% of the total number of genera， but 47.52% of the total number of species. ④Northeast China was an important distribution area of Equisetaceae in China. ⑤A total of 30 Chinese endemic species of lycophytes and ferns were distributed in Northeast China， of which four species were endemic to Northeast China（Huperzia asiatica， Athyrium yokoscense var. kirismaense， Deparia pycnosora var. longidens and Parathelypteris changbaishanensis）. This study provided a necessary supplement to the study of flora in Northeast China， and had important theoretical and practical significance.

According to Article 9.2 of International Code of Nomenclature for algae， fungi， and plants（Shenzhen Code）， the typographical errors in the protologues of nine taxa （Sympetalae） in China were corrected respectively， including Limonium drepanostachyum Ik.-Gal. ssp. callianthum T. X. Peng， Phlomis pararotata Sun ex C. H. Hu， Salvia chunganensis C. Y. Wu & Y. C. Huang， Scutellaria pekinensis Maxim. var. grandiflora C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li， Lindernia macrobotrys P. C. Tsoong， Pedicularis minutilabris P. C. Tsoong， Chirita shuii Z. Y. Li， Codonopsis levicalyx L. D. Shen and Jurinea flaccida C. Shih.

Some new discoveries in the taxonomy of the genus Lonicera of Caprifoliaceae in Zhejiang Province were reported. The distribution of two species， L. similis in Zhejiang and L. macrantha in China were respectively excluded. L. guillonii was considerably reinstalled as a species with a new synonym L. macrantha var. heterotricha. Furthermore， L. guillonii var. macranthoides was newly combined. A new species L. sinomacrantha and a new form L. hypoglauca f. pulchra were described. The key to the complex of L. macrantha in Zhejiang was compiled.

Reviewed the classification progress of vegetation in the world and in China， a new classification system and nomenclature of Chinese vegetation was presented based on appearance， structure， dynamics， species composition， formation causes and habitat of the community. The principal hierarchy of classification ranks including Vegetation type， Alliance and Associaton were steady， but the word “Alliance” was suggested to replace the word "Formation". Classes of vegetation types， Subclasses of vegetation types， and Group of vegetation types were introduced as supplementary ranks above the vegetation type. It was not recommended to set too many auxiliary ranks below the vegetation type. The high classification units of the natural vegetation classification system were concluded into 3 vegetation classes， 7 vegetation subclasses， 12 vegetation type groups， and 76 vegetation types respectively. The vegetation types were assigned classification codes. The main differences between the new classification system and the Chinese vegetation classification system in 1980 was that the tundra， desert， and swamp were considered as a vegetation habitat instead of being described as a type of vegetation respectively. In order to distinguish between the same concepts in Geomorphology and Physical geography， vegetation subclasses and vegetation types of Fasciculate-leaved forest were added to the new system， and bamboos were individually classified into forest vegetation and shrub vegetation. The herbaceous vegetation was divided into steppe， meadow and grassland respectively， according to the ecological type of the herbs， formation causes of vegetation and community dynamics. As one of the important works of vegetation classification， the methods of vegetation nomenclature were also provided.