植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 909-918.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.06.008
张珊珊1,2,3, 阮孙美1,2,3, 杨文忠1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2025-05-08
出版日期:2025-11-20
发布日期:2025-11-27
通讯作者:
杨文忠
E-mail:wzyang2004@126.com
作者简介:张珊珊(1984—),女,副研究员,主要从事濒危植物保护及开发利用研究。
基金资助:
Shanshan ZHANG1,2,3, Sunmei RUAN1,2,3, Wenzhong YANG1,2,3(
)
Received:2025-05-08
Online:2025-11-20
Published:2025-11-27
Contact:
Wenzhong YANG
E-mail:wzyang2004@126.com
摘要:
云南金花茶(Camellia fascicularis)作为国家二级重点保护植物和云南省极小种群野生植物,其种群重建与保护亟待科学指导。该研究采用Hyper-seq技术的简化基因组测序方法,对3个野生种群(马关(MG)、蒙自(MZ)和河口(HK))和2个迁地保护种群(昆明树木园(KMSMY)和文山树木园(WSSMY))共计133份云南金花茶种质开展遗传多样性评估、群体遗传结构解析及核心种质筛选。结果显示:云南金花茶遗传多样性较高,期望杂合度(HE)平均值为0.232 6,观测杂合度(HO)平均值为0.365 9,核苷酸多样性(Pi)平均值为0.372 5;迁地保护种群(KMSMY和WSSMY)的遗传多样性略低于MG种群,高于MZ种群和HK种群,但这2个迁地保护种群的HE、HO和Pi均未达到物种水平的90%。群体遗传结构分析表明,云南金花茶5个种群的133个个体可以分为4类,其中MG和KMSMY种群显示出较复杂的遗传结构和遗传背景。群体遗传分化显示,云南金花茶不同种群间的遗传分化程度极高(Fst=0.410 3)。基于遗传距离,从133份种质中提取出27份核心种质,可有效代表云南金花茶的遗传多样性。该研究首次从基因组层面解析云南金花茶的遗传特征,为制定该濒危物种的就地保护策略、优化迁地保育方案及科学开展种群重建提供了关键理论支撑。
中图分类号:
张珊珊, 阮孙美, 杨文忠. 云南金花茶的遗传多样性评价和核心种质构建[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(6): 909-918.
Shanshan ZHANG, Sunmei RUAN, Wenzhong YANG. Genetic Diversity Evaluation and Core Germplasm Construction of Camellia fascicularis[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(6): 909-918.
表1
样本信息与遗传多样性分析
种群 Population | 类型 Type | 样本量 Sample size | 期望杂合度 HE | 观测杂合度 HO | 核苷酸多样性 Pi | 近交系数 Fis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MG | 野生种群 Wild population | 46 | 0.292 5 | 0.406 7 | 0.449 8 | 0.090 1 |
| HK | 2 | 0.142 3 | 0.273 4 | 0.270 5 | -0.004 3 | |
| MZ | 5 | 0.206 7 | 0.349 1 | 0.352 6 | 0.006 1 | |
| KMSMY | 迁地保护种群 Ex situ population | 50 | 0.292 4 | 0.443 1 | 0.437 5 | 0.005 5 |
| WSSMY | 30 | 0.229 4 | 0.357 4 | 0.352 0 | 0 | |
物种水平 Species level | 133 | 0.397 3 | 0.502 2 | 0.559 5 | 0.143 8 | |
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