土壤氮与微生物调控对毛竹和日本柳杉生长的影响——毛竹扩张潜在机制

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis）向周边林分扩张影响植物和土壤稳定性，而其成功扩张机制尚不明确。通过研究不同氮形态和土壤微生物对毛竹和日本柳杉（Cryptomeria japonica）生长的影响，揭示全球变化背景下毛竹扩张的养分与微生物机制。该研究采用盆栽试验，设置8 g·m-2氮输入处理（对照，Con；铵态氮，N1，施用硫酸铵溶液；硝态氮，N2，施用硝酸钾溶液），并调控土壤微生物群落（对照，Con；细菌抑制，B，施用3 g·L-1链霉素溶液；真菌抑制，F，施用1 g·L-1扑海因溶液），探讨单一和混合种植下毛竹和日本柳杉幼苗对氮输入和微生物的响应。结果表明：相比于对照，无论在单一种植还是混合种植下，氮输入可显著提高毛竹和日本柳杉幼苗的生物量和苗高，但显著降低根冠比。微生物处理中，在2种种植模式下，细菌和真菌抑制均降低2个物种的生物量和苗高（P<0.01），植物生长受限。与对照相比，细菌抑制下毛竹和日本柳杉生物量分别降低13.93%和11.57%，苗高分别降低9.41%和4.56%；真菌抑制下生物量分别降低15.84%和10.46%，苗高分别降低6.90%和3.20%。与单一种植相比，混合种植显著提高毛竹生物量和苗高，但同时将毛竹和日本柳杉根冠比分别降低6.01%和5.77%（P<0.05），混合种植下毛竹表现出较强的生长优势。氮输入处理中，与单种日本柳杉相比，单种毛竹和混合种植下土壤有机碳和全氮含量显著降低。N1、N2形态氮输入均显著降低各种植模式下土壤pH，混合种植土壤pH高于单一种植。在全球变化背景下，氮沉降导致的生态系统氮输入可能与毛竹扩张相互作用，形成正反馈，进而促进毛竹成功扩张。随着氮沉降加剧，土壤养分有效性与土壤微生物群落通过促进植物养分吸收和资源分配，促使植物竞争能力增强，导致毛竹向周边林分成功扩张。

关键词: 日本柳杉, 氮输入, 微生物调控, 毛竹扩张

Abstract:

The expansion of moso bamboo （Phyllostachys edulis） into adjacent forest stands affects plant and soil stability， but the mechanism underlying its successful expansion remains unclear. By investigating the effects of different nitrogen forms and microbes on growth of moso bamboo and Japanese cedar（Cryptomeria japonica）， the nutrient and microbial mechanisms of moso bamboo expansion under the background of global change were revealed. In this study， a pot experiment was conducted. Nitrogen addition treatments of 8 g·m-2 were set up （control， Con； ammonium nitrogen， N1， with ammonium sulfate （（NH₄）₂SO₄） solution applied； nitrate nitrogen， N2， with potassium nitrate （KNO₃） solution applied）， and the soil microbial community was regulated （control， Con； bacterial inhibition， B， with 3 g·L-1 streptomycin solution applied； fungal inhibition， F， with 1 g·L-1 iprodione solution applied）. The responses of moso bamboo and Japanese cedar seedlings to nitrogen addition and microorganisms under single and mixed plantings were explored. The results showed that compared to the control， biomass and seedling height of moso bamboo and Japanese cedar significantly increased by nitrogen addition under monoculture and mixed planting， while the root-to-shoot ratio significantly decreased. In microbial treatments， both bacterial and fungal inhibition significantly reduced the biomass and height of both species（P<0.01）， indicating growth limitations. Compared to the control， bacterial inhibition reduced biomass by 13.93% and 11.57%， and height by 9.41% and 4.56% for moso bamboo and Japanese cedar， respectively. Fungal inhibition resulted in reductions of 15.84% and 10.46% in biomass and 6.90% and 3.20% in height for moso bamboo and Japanese cedar， respectively. Compared to monoculture， mixed planting significantly increased the biomass and height of moso bamboo while reducing the root-to-shoot ratio of both species by 6.01% and 5.77%（P<0.05）， respectively. Moso bamboo demonstrated stronger growth dominance under mixed planting. In nitrogen addition treatments， significant reductions in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were observed under monoculture of Japanese cedar compared to monoculture of moso bamboo and mixed planting. Both N1 and N2 nitrogen forms significantly decreased soil pH across planting systems， with soil pH in mixed planting being higher than in monoculture. Under the context of global change， nitrogen deposition resulting from ecosystem nitrogen additions may interact with moso bamboo expansion to form a positive feedback loop， further promoting its successful expansion. With intensified nitrogen deposition， soil nutrient availability and soil microbial communities will enhance plant competitive ability by promoting nutrient absorption and resource allocation， leading to the successful expansion of moso bamboo into adjacent forest stands.

Key words: Japanese cedar, nitrogen addition, microbial regulation, moso bamboo expansion

中图分类号:

S718.5

张茜, 方海富, 赵红, 申家成, 刘亮英, 徐昕彤, 张令. 土壤氮与微生物调控对毛竹和日本柳杉生长的影响——毛竹扩张潜在机制[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(5): 755-768.

Xi ZHANG, Haifu FANG, Hong ZHAO, Jiacheng SHEN, Liangying LIU, Xintong XU, Ling ZHANG. The Effects of Soil Nitrogen and Microbial Community on Growth of Moso Bamboo and Japanese Cedar Seedlings: Potential Mechanisms of Bamboo Expansion[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(5): 755-768.

图/表 6

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

氮输入、微生物调控及种植模式对日本柳杉和毛竹土壤养分含量影响的方差分析

处理 Treatments	自由度 d_f	F
处理 Treatments	自由度 d_f	有机碳 TOC	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	铵态氮 $N H 4 +$ -N	硝态氮 $N O 3 -$ -N	pH
N	2	20.97	10.21	55.50	55.73	197.62	58.98
B	1	1.83	1.87	2.31	0.10	0.03	1.03
F	1	1.41	1.37	1.87	3.41	1.41	1.59
P	2	91.33	36.28	130.14	2.67	1.47	36.56
N×B	2	2.50	1.48	10.76	0.02	0.27	0.16
N×F	2	3.17	5.01	2.05	6.01	0.12	0.88
B×F	1	0.68	17.71	0.81	2.96	0.01	6.22
N×B×F	2	1.24	0.42	4.95	4.57	0.07	3.58
N×P	4	38.29	12.55	55.24	3.16	1.30	10.77
B×P	2	1.78	2.63	4.29	1.76	2.83	0.65
F×P	2	2.98	1.18	3.99	2.82	0.48	1.70
N×B×P	4	5.17	6.74	13.42	1.86	0.84	0.90
N×F×P	4	5.07	2.27	2.43	2.09	0.54	0.39
B×F×P	2	0.71	0.42	3.78	2.59	0.82	3.77
N×B×F×P	4	0.61	0.41	2.88	2.99	1.87	0.22

表3

图3

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处理 Treatments	自由度 d_f	生物量 Biomass		苗高 Plant height		根冠比 Root/shoot ratio
处理 Treatments	自由度 d_f	F	P	F	P	F	P
N	2	39.88	<0.000 1	37.48	<0.000 1	7.76	0.000 8
B	1	11.28	0.001 1	16.06	0.000 1	3.01	0.085 8
F	1	9.12	0.003 2	7.83	0.003 2	18.38	<0.000 1
P	1	0.82	0.367 3	0.01	0.921 8	9.41	0.022 8
N×B	2	0.16	0.848 2	0.71	0.493 0	1.49	0.230 9
N×F	2	0.02	0.982 7	1.34	0.267 1	2.84	0.063 2
B×F	1	0.14	0.706 7	10.01	0.002 1	1.25	0.267 0
N×B×F	2	0.15	0.859 1	0.46	0.632 1	0.45	0.640 3
N×P	2	0.51	0.603 6	0.14	0.867 3	0.09	0.915 9
B×P	1	0.01	0.988 9	0.89	0.348 5	0.13	0.715 3
F×P	1	0.01	0.910 1	0.06	0.811 6	0.01	0.977 6
N×B×P	2	0.14	0.871 4	1.24	0.294 0	0.84	0.434 0
N×F×P	2	0.29	0.749 3	0.17	0.841 1	0.02	0.985 1
B×F×P	1	0.04	0.857 2	0.01	0.966 4	0.03	0.873 6
N×B×F×P	2	0.09	0.915 9	0.08	0.926 4	0.39	0.677 2

处理 Treatments	自由度 d_f	生物量 Biomass		苗高 Plant height		根冠比 Root/shoot ratio
处理 Treatments	自由度 d_f	F	P	F	P	F	P
N	2	16.11	<0.000 1	28.62	<0.000 1	8.35	0.000 5
B	1	9.58	0.002 6	34.60	<0.000 1	5.31	0.023 3
F	1	12.64	0.000 5	18.14	<0.000 1	23.96	<0.000 1
P	1	4.32	0.040 3	30.89	<0.000 1	11.32	0.001 1
N×B	2	0.90	0.408 2	0.53	0.593 1	1.93	0.150 4
N×F	2	0.58	0.564 1	0.31	0.737 1	3.15	0.047 1
B×F	1	8.90	0.003 6	2.39	0.125 2	1.97	0.163 9
N×B×F	2	1.47	0.235 6	2.37	0.098 8	0.71	0.494 1
N×P	2	0.26	0.768 0	1.56	0.215 6	0.23	0.794 1
B×P	1	0.07	0.787 9	2.28	0.134 6	0.16	0.688 4
F×P	1	0.02	0.899 2	0.27	0.607 3	0.01	0.961 0
N×B×P	2	0.02	0.980 3	2.01	0.139 5	0.78	0.462 8
N×F×P	2	0.03	0.969 3	0.15	0.862 7	0.02	0.975 4
B×F×P	1	0.01	0.949 5	0.33	0.568 0	0.02	0.883 3
N×B×F×P	2	0.01	0.993 0	0.66	0.521 6	0.26	0.770 2