植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 707-721.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.006
龙姿羽1, 王志成1, 赵蕊1, 刘冰1, 陈功锡1,2()
收稿日期:
2024-12-09
出版日期:
2025-09-20
发布日期:
2025-09-28
通讯作者:
陈功锡
E-mail:chengongxi2011@163.com
作者简介:
龙姿羽(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生态学研究。
基金资助:
Ziyu LONG1, Zhicheng WANG1, Rui ZHAO1, Bing LIU1, Gongxi CHEN1,2()
Received:
2024-12-09
Online:
2025-09-20
Published:
2025-09-28
Contact:
Gongxi CHEN
E-mail:chengongxi2011@163.com
摘要:
为探究德夯地质公园瀑布生境草本群落物种组成、区系地理成分及多样性特征与变化规律,选取重要值、区系地理成分、物种α和β多样性、营养性状、繁殖性状以及谱系多样性对3个瀑布草本群落进行分析,以期为瀑布生境植物多样性研究提供基础资料。结果表明:德夯地质公园瀑布生境草本植物共35科66属85种,三脉紫菀(Aster ageratoides)、少花马蓝(Strobilanthes oligantha)、冷水花(Pilea notata)、粗齿冷水花(Pilea sinofasciata)为优势种。地理分布区类型符合东亚植物区系特征,其中,大龙洞瀑布生境草本群落热带物种成分相对较多,仙女潭瀑布生境则较少。物种α多样性中大龙洞瀑布生境Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数较高,但Pielou指数最低;β多样性指数变化一致,在大龙洞瀑布与流纱瀑布生境之间最高,流纱瀑布和仙女潭瀑布生境之间最低。生活习性以多年生草本为主,叶多为中型、单叶、纸质、不裂、锯齿。叶序和叶毛被存在差别;繁殖性状以两性花、顶生和腋生、干果、种子风力传播为主,花期集中在5—8月,果期集中在8—10月,花序类型存在差异。草本群落呈现聚集状态,环境过滤作用是影响群落构建的主要因素。德夯瀑布生境草本群落植物多样性特征与其他群落相比具有独特性。
中图分类号:
龙姿羽, 王志成, 赵蕊, 刘冰, 陈功锡. 德夯地质公园岩溶河谷源头瀑布草本群落植物多样性[J]. 植物研究, 2025, 45(5): 707-721.
Ziyu LONG, Zhicheng WANG, Rui ZHAO, Bing LIU, Gongxi CHEN. Herbaceous Plant Diversity in the Karst River Valley Headwater Waterfalls of Dehang Geopark[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(5): 707-721.
表1
不同瀑布生境草本植物的重要值(前10位)
样地类型 Sample plot type | 编号 Number | 种名 Species name | 相对频度 Relative frequency/% | 相对盖度 Relative cover/% | 相对高度 Relative height/% | 重要值 Importance value/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大龙洞瀑布生境 DL | 1 | 三脉紫菀Aster ageratoides | 12.31 | 13.74 | 7.85 | 11.30 |
2 | 白苞蒿Artemisia lactiflora | 5.96 | 12.30 | 10.47 | 9.58 | |
3 | 小赤麻Boehmeria spicata | 5.72 | 9.51 | 9.44 | 8.23 | |
4 | 粗齿冷水花Pilea sinofasciata | 5.02 | 7.96 | 10.07 | 7.69 | |
5 | 鸭儿芹Cryptotaenia japonica | 7.22 | 4.55 | 6.89 | 6.22 | |
6 | 五月艾Artemisia indica | 4.43 | 4.23 | 5.78 | 4.81 | |
7 | 多花筋骨草Ajuga multiflora | 2.06 | 4.09 | 6.07 | 4.07 | |
8 | 凹叶景天Sedum emarginatum | 8.89 | 2.08 | 0.81 | 3.92 | |
9 | 翠云草Selaginella uncinata | 5.02 | 4.79 | 0.66 | 3.49 | |
10 | 细风轮菜Clinopodium gracile | 5.92 | 1.62 | 0.61 | 2.72 | |
流纱瀑布生境 LS | 1 | 少花马蓝Strobilanthes oliganthus | 15.53 | 27.29 | 10.39 | 17.74 |
2 | 冷水花Pilea notata | 17.03 | 20.18 | 10.89 | 16.03 | |
3 | 红马蹄草Hydrocotyle nepalensis | 9.44 | 5.07 | 3.15 | 5.89 | |
4 | 透茎冷水花Pilea pumila | 5.91 | 7.16 | 3.47 | 5.51 | |
5 | 水芹Oenanthe javanica | 3.77 | 2.04 | 10.38 | 5.39 | |
6 | 金疮小草Ajuga decumbens | 4.81 | 3.14 | 6.10 | 4.68 | |
7 | 吉首蒲儿根Sinosenecio jishouensis | 4.58 | 4.44 | 3.51 | 4.18 | |
8 | 疏头过路黄Lysimachia pseudohenryi | 4.92 | 3.82 | 3.24 | 3.99 | |
9 | 小赤麻Boehmeria spicata | 2.43 | 3.50 | 5.84 | 3.92 | |
10 | 披针新月蕨Pronephrium penangianum | 3.01 | 3.50 | 4.66 | 3.73 | |
仙女潭瀑布生境 XN | 1 | 粗齿冷水花Pilea sinofasciata | 31.34 | 25.59 | 17.09 | 24.67 |
2 | 五柱绞股蓝Gynostemma pentagynum | 3.15 | 7.05 | 25.87 | 12.03 | |
3 | 凹叶景天Sedum emarginatum | 21.48 | 5.81 | 1.87 | 9.72 | |
4 | 球花马蓝Strobilanthes dimorphotricha | 2.82 | 15.54 | 8.77 | 9.04 | |
5 | 少花马蓝Strobilanthes oliganthus | 11.44 | 11.36 | 3.44 | 8.75 | |
6 | 小赤麻Boehmeria spicata | 4.39 | 7.18 | 13.11 | 8.23 | |
7 | 假粗毛鳞盖蕨Microlepia pseudostrigosa | 6.14 | 8.36 | 5.74 | 6.75 | |
8 | 金钱蒲Acorus gramineus | 6.63 | 5.74 | 4.70 | 5.69 | |
9 | 紫苞爵床Justicia latiflora | 0.91 | 4.74 | 2.79 | 2.82 | |
10 | 铁角蕨Asplenium aitchisonii | 2.07 | 0.75 | 1.51 | 1.45 |
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