植物研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 707-721.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.006

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

德夯地质公园岩溶河谷源头瀑布草本群落植物多样性

龙姿羽1, 王志成1, 赵蕊1, 刘冰1, 陈功锡1,2()   

  1. 1.吉首大学杜仲综合利用技术国家地方联合工程实验室,吉首 416000
    2.武陵山区乡村振兴与区域发展研究中心,吉首 416000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 陈功锡 E-mail:chengongxi2011@163.com
  • 作者简介:龙姿羽(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生态学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉首市德夯风景区管理处科研项目(19DHK03)

Herbaceous Plant Diversity in the Karst River Valley Headwater Waterfalls of Dehang Geopark

Ziyu LONG1, Zhicheng WANG1, Rui ZHAO1, Bing LIU1, Gongxi CHEN1,2()   

  1. 1.National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization of Eucommia Ulmoides,Jishou University,Jishou 416000
    2.Rural Revitalization and Regional Development Research Center of Wuling Mountain Area,Jishou 416000
  • Received:2024-12-09 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-28
  • Contact: Gongxi CHEN E-mail:chengongxi2011@163.com

摘要:

为探究德夯地质公园瀑布生境草本群落物种组成、区系地理成分及多样性特征与变化规律,选取重要值、区系地理成分、物种αβ多样性、营养性状、繁殖性状以及谱系多样性对3个瀑布草本群落进行分析,以期为瀑布生境植物多样性研究提供基础资料。结果表明:德夯地质公园瀑布生境草本植物共35科66属85种,三脉紫菀(Aster ageratoides)、少花马蓝(Strobilanthes oligantha)、冷水花(Pilea notata)、粗齿冷水花(Pilea sinofasciata)为优势种。地理分布区类型符合东亚植物区系特征,其中,大龙洞瀑布生境草本群落热带物种成分相对较多,仙女潭瀑布生境则较少。物种α多样性中大龙洞瀑布生境Shannon-Wiener和Simpson指数较高,但Pielou指数最低;β多样性指数变化一致,在大龙洞瀑布与流纱瀑布生境之间最高,流纱瀑布和仙女潭瀑布生境之间最低。生活习性以多年生草本为主,叶多为中型、单叶、纸质、不裂、锯齿。叶序和叶毛被存在差别;繁殖性状以两性花、顶生和腋生、干果、种子风力传播为主,花期集中在5—8月,果期集中在8—10月,花序类型存在差异。草本群落呈现聚集状态,环境过滤作用是影响群落构建的主要因素。德夯瀑布生境草本群落植物多样性特征与其他群落相比具有独特性。

关键词: 瀑布, 草本植物, 植物多样性, 区系地理成分, 德夯, 湘西世界地质公园

Abstract:

To explore the species composition, floristic geographical components, and diversity characteristics and patterns of change in the herbaceous communities of waterfalls in Dehang Geological Park, three herbaceous communities of waterfalls were used as materials, and the importance values, floristic geographical components, species α and β diversity, nutritional traits, reproductive traits, and phylogenetic diversity were analyzed respectively, and the basic data of plant diversity in waterfall habitats was provided. The results indicated that a total of 85 species from 66 genera and 35 families of herbaceous plants were identified, and Aster ageratoidesStrobilanthes oliganthaPilea notata and Pilea sinofasciata were the dominant species. The geographical distribution types were consistent with the floristic characteristics of the East Asia, with more tropical components in Dalongdong and a less proportion in Xiannvtan. In terms of alpha diversity, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices of plants in Dalongdong were higher, but the Pielou index was the lowest; beta diversity indices were consistent, with the highest value occurred between Dalongdong and Liusha Waterfall, and the lowest value occurred between Liusha and Xiannvtan Waterfall. The life habits were predominated by perennial herbs, with medium-sized, simple, papery, unlobed, and serrated leaves. There were differences in leaf arrangement and pubescence; reproductive traits were mainly characterized by bisexual flowers, terminal and axillary, dry fruits, and wind-dispersed seeds, with flowering periods concentrated from May to August and fruiting periods from August to October, and differences in inflorescence type. The herbaceous communities exhibited a clumped distribution, with environmental filtration being as a primary factor influencing community structure. The herbaceous community in the Dehang waterfalls exhibited unique diversity characteristics compared to the other communities.

Key words: waterfalls, herbaceous plants, plant diversity, floristic geographic components, Dehang, Xiangxi Global Geopark

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