Distinct Water Supply and Consumption Characteristics in Leaves between Nymphaeaceae and Terrestrial Herbs

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2025.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

In terrestrial angiosperms， the balance between water supply and consumption is primarily regulated through the coordination of leaf veins and stomata， with epidermal cells playing a significant role in this process. However， research on Nymphaeaceae species remains very limited. In this study， seven species of Nymphaeaceae and six species of terrestrial herbaceous plants were selected as materials. Through quantitative analysis of floral and leaf anatomical traits， the intraspecific variation within Nymphaeaceae and the differences in floral and leaf characteristics between the two plant groups were examined. The results indicated that flowers of Nymphaeaceae plants exhibited larger stomatal size， epidermal cells size， and a higher vein density than leaves， whereas leaves displayed greater stomatal density， epidermal cell density， and stomatal index. The anatomical traits of Nymphaeaceae flowers were similar to those of terrestrial herbaceous flowers， except for epidermal cell size. However， the epidermal cell density and stomatal density of leaves were significantly higher than those of terrestrial herbs， while stomatal size， epidermal cell size， vein density and stomatal index were notably lower than those of the terrestrial herbs. The stomatal density of Nymphaeaceae flowers had no correlation with either epidermal cell size or floral vein density； in leaves， epidermal cell size had a negative correlation with stomatal density， and no significant association was found between stomatal density and leaf vein density. Principal component analysis revealed that， compared to terrestrial herbaceous plants， Nymphaeaceae flowers had an advantage in epidermal cell density； meanwhile， leaf trait spaces were completely separated， with Nymphaeaceae leaves exhibiting higher epidermal cell density and stomatal density. In conclusion， the flowers of Nymphaeaceae exhibited the traits similar with terrestrial herbs， likely due to their water-retaining characteristics， while the decoupling of stomata and veins in leaves reflected adaptive evolution in the aquatic environment. These findings provided the valuable foundation for further research on water-use characteristics and environmental adaptation mechanisms in aquatic plants.

Key words: Nymphaeaceae, terrestrial herbs, water relations, stomata, epidermal cell, veins

CLC Number:

Q945.79

Xinyi HU, Liming XU, Botao QIN, Yidong AN, Guofeng JIANG. Distinct Water Supply and Consumption Characteristics in Leaves between Nymphaeaceae and Terrestrial Herbs[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2025, 45(5): 675-685.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

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序号 No.	物种名 Name	科 Family	属 Genus	生长型 Growth form
1	鬼针草Bidens pilosa	菊科Compositae	鬼针草属Bidens	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
2	蓝花草Ruellia simplex	爵床科Acanthaceae	芦莉草属Ruellia	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
3	水鬼蕉Hymenocallis littoralis	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	水鬼蕉属Hymenocallis	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
4	韭莲Zephyranthes carinata	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱莲属 Zephyranthes	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
5	葱莲Zephyranthes candida	石蒜科Amaryllidaceae	葱莲属 Zephyranthes	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
6	红掌Anthurium andraeanum	天南星科Araceae	花烛属Anthurium	陆生草本Terrestrial herb
7	睡莲Nymphaea tetragona	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
8	喀麦隆睡莲Nymphaea zenkeri	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
9	齿叶睡莲Nymphaea lotus	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
10	蓝睡莲Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
11	印度红睡莲Nymphaea rubra	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
12	变色睡莲Nymphaea atrans	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	睡莲属Nymphaea	水生草本Aquatic herb
13	萍蓬草Nuphar pumila	睡莲科Nymphaeaceae	萍蓬草属Nuphar	水生草本Aquatic herb

器官 Organ	植物类群 Plant group	气孔大小 Stomatal size/μm²	表皮细胞大小 Epidermal cell size/μm²	气孔密度 Stomatal density/ （No. mm^-2）	表皮细胞密度 Epidermal cell density/（No. mm^-2）	气孔指数 Stomatal index	脉密度 Vein density/ （mm∙mm^-2）
花 Flower	陆生草本植物 Terrestrial plants	864.12±124.02^Aa	2 003.17±335.16^Aa	26.65±6.42^Ab	528.40±102.49^Aa	5.09±1.09^Ab	1.91±0.25^Ab
花 Flower	睡莲科植物 Nymphaeaceae	618.88±71.94^Aa	1 125.06±170.51^Ba	27.89±15.15^Ab	965.03±189.23^Ab	2.51±0.70^Ab	1.99±0.16^Aa
叶 Leaf	陆生草本植物 Terrestrial plants	1 088.04±243.97^Aa	3 779.24±1 039.91^Aa	244.85±91.55^Ba	221.02±76.53^Bb	41.93±10.46^Aa	5.45±1.39^Aa
叶 Leaf	睡莲科植物 Nymphaeaceae	292.90±11.35^Bb	276.74±36.01^Bb	529.22±41.66^Aa	3 032.91±293.07^Aa	15.24±1.18^Ba	1.15±0.07^Bb