五种柽柳属植物水力安全与热耐受性的协同适应机制

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2026.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变化导致的干旱与热浪频发，严重威胁着荒漠植物的生存。然而，关于荒漠灌木如何协调水力安全与热耐受性以应对水热复合胁迫机制尚不清楚。本研究以中国西北干旱区同域分布的5种柽柳属（Tamarix）植物为对象，采用野外测定与采样方法获取了气体交换参数与叶片水势的日动态；测定了木质部栓塞脆弱性（P₅₀）、膨压丧失点（Ψ_tlp）、高温半致死温度（LT₅₀），系统评估了不同物种的适应策略。结果表明：（1）5种柽柳在抗旱性与抗热性上表现出显著的种间分化。刚毛柽柳（T. hispida）表现出最强的抗栓塞能力（P₅₀=-2.20 MPa）和热耐受性（LT₅₀=66.5 ℃），而多花柽柳（T. hohenackeri）则表现出最高的气体交换速率和最弱的抗性。（2）LT₅₀与P₅₀呈极显著负相关，与水力安全边界呈极显著正相关。证实了荒漠植物在水力安全与热耐受性上存在高度的协同适应，而非功能权衡。（3）主成分分析（PC1解释度92.4%）揭示了柽柳属植物中存在一个连续的适应策略谱系：从以多花柽柳为代表的“高消耗-避热”策略，到以刚毛柽柳为代表的“高安全-耐受”策略。本研究揭示了基于水力-热力耦合的生态位分化机制，强调了在未来更加干热的气候情景下，应优先选择具备“高安全-耐受”策略的物种进行植被恢复。

关键词: 柽柳属, 水力安全边界, 高温耐受性, 木质部栓塞, 协同适应, 水热复合胁迫

Abstract:

The increasing frequency of drought and heatwaves due to global climate change poses a severe threat to desert vegetation. However， the mechanisms by which desert shrubs coordinate hydraulic safety and thermal-tolerance to cope with compound drought-heat stress remain unclear. Five sympatric Tamarix species in the arid region of Northwest China were investigated in this study. By combining 24 h field measurements of gas exchange parameters and leaf water potential with the determinations of physiological traits（xylem embolism vulnerability（P₅₀）， turgor loss point（Ψ_tlp）， and semi-lethal high temperature（LT₅₀））， we systematically evaluated their adaptive strategies. The results showed that：（1）There was significant interspecific differentiation in drought and heat resistance among the five species. Tamarix hispida exhibited the strongest embolism resistance（P₅₀=-2.20 MPa） and thermal tolerance（LT₅₀=66.5 ℃）， while T. hohenackeri showed the highest gas exchange rates but the weakest resistance. （2）Thermal tolerance（LT₅₀） was significantly negatively correlated with embolism resistance（P₅₀） and significantly positively correlated hydraulic safety margins（H_SM）， confirming a high degree of coordinated adaptation rather than a trade-off between hydraulic safety and thermal tolerance in desert plants. （3）Principal Component Analysis（PC1 explained 92.4%） revealed a continuous spectrum of adaptive strategies： ranging from an “Acquisitive-Cooling” strategy represented by T.hohenackeri， to a “Conservative-Tolerance” strategy represented by T.hispida. This study reveals niche differentiation mechanisms based on hydraulic-thermal coupling and highlights the importance of prioritizing species with “Conservative-Tolerance” strategies for vegetation restoration under future hotter and drier climate scenarios.

Key words: Tamarix, hydraulic safety margin, thermal tolerance, xylem embolism, coordinated adaptation, compound drought-heat stress

中图分类号:

Q948.112

胡小柯, 原成林, 邱晓娜, 安兆康, 李娜, 王方琳. 五种柽柳属植物水力安全与热耐受性的协同适应机制[J]. 植物研究, 2026, 46(4): 613-625.

Xiaoke HU, Chenglin YUAN, Xiaona QIU, Zhaokang AN, Na LI, Fanglin WANG. Coordinated Adaptation Mechanism of Hydraulic Safety and Thermal Tolerance in Five Tamarix Species[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2026, 46(4): 613-625.

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物种 Species	株数 Plants	冠幅（东西向） Crown width （E-W）/m	冠幅（南北向） Crown width （N-S）/m	株高 Height/m	基径 Basal diameter/cm	枯枝率 Dead branch rate/%	死亡率 Mortality rate/%
多花柽柳 T.hohenackeri	15	1.78±0.02^a	1.50±0.04^a	1.71±0.03^a	3.30±0.03^a	45.97±0.89^a	20.00
长穗柽柳 T.elongata	13	1.70±0.03^a	1.37±0.03^ab	1.69±0.01^ab	3.08±0.03^b	39.79±0.56^b	15.38
多枝柽柳 T.ramosissima	13	1.57±0.03^b	1.45±0.04^ab	1.60±0.01^c	2.81±0.02^c	32.49±0.51^c	7.69
短穗柽柳 T.laxa	12	1.38±0.03^c	1.34±0.03^b	1.42±0.02^d	2.62±0.05^d	25.86±0.65^d	0
刚毛柽柳 T.hispida	12	1.43±0.03^c	1.34±0.02^b	1.61±0.02^bc	2.45±0.05^e	15.29±0.92^e	0