植物研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 647-656.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.05.002
收稿日期:
2023-05-08
出版日期:
2023-09-20
发布日期:
2023-09-05
通讯作者:
韩学敏
E-mail:hanxuemin2011@163.com
作者简介:
王丹(1996—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事林木基因功能研究。
基金资助:
Dan WANG, Zhongshuai ZHANG, Qingyin ZENG, Xuemin HAN()
Received:
2023-05-08
Online:
2023-09-20
Published:
2023-09-05
Contact:
Xuemin HAN
E-mail:hanxuemin2011@163.com
About author:
E-mail:hanxuemin2011@163.comSupported by:
摘要:
探究滇西北冷杉属(Abies)植物的结实特性和种子特征及其变异模式,为促进冷杉林的更新及恢复提供材料支持和理论依据。收集滇西北分布7种冷杉的标本及球果,分析种子形态特征、种子生活力和结实特性,探究其种间及地区间差异。结果发现:滇西北7种冷杉种子的长、宽、厚分别是6.04~10.22、2.03~3.32、1.26~2.24 mm,千粒质量是4.26~30.50 g,千粒质量与种子长度、宽度、厚度均显著相关(r>0.8,P<0.01)。滇西北7种冷杉的种子饱满率、虫蚀粒率和空秕粒率的平均值分别为27.51%、4.92%和67.58%,种子饱满率不高、空秕粒和虫蚀粒严重。野外调查发现大多数云南黄果冷杉(Abies ernestii var. salouenensis)均未结球果,且仅收集得到一棵树的球果,因此在本文中未进行比较分析。滇西北其余6种冷杉的虫蚀粒率在不同种之间(P=0.750)和不同地区之间(P=0.204)均没有显著差异,饱满率(P=0.005)和空秕粒率(P=0.007)均存在种间差异,而种子生活力存在种间(P=0.008)及地区间(P=0.036)差异,因此冷杉种子生活力同时受物种特性及环境因素的影响。
中图分类号:
王丹, 张中帅, 曾庆银, 韩学敏. 滇西北冷杉属植物结实特性及种子特征研究[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(5): 647-656.
Dan WANG, Zhongshuai ZHANG, Qingyin ZENG, Xuemin HAN. Fruiting and Seed Characteristics of Abies in Northwest Yunnan[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(5): 647-656.
表1
样本采集信息
物种 Species | 采集地点 Location | 样本数量 Sample size | 海拔 Altitude/m |
---|---|---|---|
苍山冷杉 A. delavayi(Ade) | 云南大理苍山(CS) Cangshan Mountain,Dali,Yunnan | 2 | 3 900~4 000 |
中甸冷杉 A. ferreana(Afe) | 云南德钦县白马雪山(BMXS) Baima Snow Mountain,Deqin County,Yunnan | 6 | 4 200~4 300 |
中甸冷杉 A. ferreana(Afe) | 云南香格里拉小中甸镇(XZD) Xiaozhongdian Town,Shangri La,Yunnan | 5 | 3 400~3 600 |
中甸冷杉 A. ferreana(Afe) | 云南德钦县云岭乡(YLX) Yunling Township,Deqin County,Yunnan | 1 | 3 300~3 400 |
川滇冷杉 A. forrestii(Afo) | 云南贡山县丙中洛镇(BZL) Bingzhongluo Town,Gongshan County,Yunnan | 4 | 3 300~3 400 |
长苞冷杉 A. georgei(Ag) | 云南德钦县白马雪山(BMXS) Baima Snow Mountain,Deqin County,Yunnan | 6 | 3 500~3 800 |
长苞冷杉 A. georgei(Ag) | 云南香格里拉小中甸镇(XZD) Xiaozhongdian Town,Shangri La,Yunnan | 1 | 3 500~3 600 |
长苞冷杉 A. georgei(Ag) | 云南德钦县云岭乡(YLX) Yunling Township,Deqin County,Yunnan | 2 | 3 800~3 900 |
怒江冷杉 A. nukiangensis(Anu) | 云南贡山县丙中洛镇(BZL) Bingzhongluo Town,Gongshan County,Yunnan | 6 | 2 500~2 700 |
急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii(Ags) | 云南德钦县白马雪山(BMXS) Baima Snow Mountain,Deqin County,Yunnan | 10 | 3 700~4 100 |
急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii(Ags) | 云南香格里拉小中甸镇(XZD) Xiaozhongdian Town,Shangri La,Yunnan | 5 | 3 400~3 600 |
急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii(Ags) | 云南德钦县云岭乡(YLX) Yunling Township,Deqin County,Yunnan | 3 | 3 300~3 700 |
云南黄果冷杉 A. ernestii var. salouenensis(Aes) | 云南德钦县云岭乡(YLX) Yunling Township,Deqin County,Yunnan | 1 | 2 800~2 900 |
表2
滇西北7种冷杉种子的形态特征分析
物种 Species | 采集地点 Location | 种子长度 Length/mm | 种子宽度 Width/mm | 种子厚度 Thickness/mm | 千粒质量 Thousand-grain mass/g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ade | CS | 6.06±0.54a | 2.14±0.25a | 1.33±0.21a | 6.39±1.67a |
Afe | BMX | 7.99±1.18b | 2.91±0.41c | 1.85±0.27c | 16.28±2.65b |
Afe | XZD | 8.50±0.50e | 2.81±0.27f | 1.68±0.24fg | 23.01±4.30d |
Afe | YLX | 7.66±0.69b | 2.76±0.42de | 1.72±0.23cde | 22.35±0.62d |
Afo | BZL | 7.42±0.71b | 2.67±0.34c | 1.80±0.47cde | 15.88±1.66b |
Ag | BMX | 8.29±1.17d | 2.90±0.40de | 1.83±0.25def | 21.2±4.26d |
Ag | XZD | 7.94±0.58cd | 2.80±0.22cd | 1.83±0.18def | 19.98±0.21cd |
Ag | YLX | 7.83±0.78c | 2.54±0.52b | 1.59±0.22b | 13.46±0.60b |
Anu | BZL | 7.71±0.98bc | 2.87±0.37d | 1.72±0.22c | 17.25±4.57bc |
Ags | BMX | 8.22±1.20d | 2.79±0.48cd | 1.81±0.31cde | 20.19±4.63cd |
Ags | XZD | 8.25±0.98d | 3.01±0.35ef | 1.87±0.3efg | 22.19±3.94d |
Ags | YLX | 7.72±0.70bc | 2.69±0.29c | 1.72±0.21cd | 16.02±2.19b |
Aes | YLX | 8.23±0.75d | 3.29±0.28g | 1.94±0.28g | 29.39±1.07e |
表3
滇西北冷杉结实特性和生活力分析
物种 Species | 地点 Location | 虫蚀粒率 Insect/% | 空秕粒率 Empty/% | 饱满率 Plumpness/% | 生活力 Viability/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ade | CS | 0.50±0.71a | 80.00±9.90cde | 19.50±10.61a | 67.50±36.06ab |
Afe | BMXS | 0a | 47.33±10.21ab | 52.67±10.21bc | 73.00±12.23ab |
Afe | XZD | 8.80±8.61a | 70.40±15.53bcde | 20.80±14.86a | 85.67±3.51b |
Afe | YLX | 3.00a | 38.00a | 59.00c | 44.00a |
Afo | BZL | 5.25±7.93a | 62.75±23.37abc | 32.00±21.89abc | 96.50±4.95b |
Ag | BMXS | 4.83±5.57a | 68.67±22.49bcd | 26.50±23.48ab | 54.33±19.64a |
Ag | XZD | 3.00a | 95.00de | 2.00a | — |
Ag | YLX | 0a | 98.50±0.71e | 1.50±0.71a | — |
Anu | BZL | 1.17±1.60a | 67.67±18.47abcd | 31.17±18.58abc | 83.50±9.11b |
Ags | BMXS | 8.20±12.16a | 63.90±17.98abc | 27.80±21.05ab | 52.83±19.77a |
Ags | XZD | 6.40±9.97a | 81.40±15.24cde | 12.20±6.54a | 85.00±12.73b |
Ags | YLX | 11.33±16.29a | 57.33±8.51abc | 31.33±16.62abc | 48.67±7.10a |
Aes | YLX | 0a | 100.00e | 0a | — |
表4
滇西北冷杉结实特性和生活力多元线性回归分析
研究对象 Object | 虫蚀粒率 Insect | 空秕粒率 Empty | 饱满率 Plumpness | 生活力 Viability | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
回归系数 Coefficients | 显著性 Significance | 回归系数 Coefficients | 显著性 Significance | 回归系数 Coefficients | 显著性 Significance | 回归系数 Coefficients | 显著性 Significance | |
物种 Species | 0.184 | 0.750 | 3.561 | 0.007 | -3.745 | 0.005 | -4.201 | 0.008 |
地点 Location | -1.522 | 0.204 | -1.780 | 0.493 | 3.302 | 0.215 | 7.005 | 0.036 |
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