Phylogenomic analyses reveal intractable evolutionary history of a temperate bamboo genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2019.05.003

Plant Diversity ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (04): 213-219.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.05.003

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Phylogenomic analyses reveal intractable evolutionary history of a temperate bamboo genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Cen Guo^a,b, Zhen-Hua Guo^a, De-Zhu Li^a

a Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China;
b Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China

Received:2019-03-12 Revised:2019-05-24 Online:2019-09-17 Published:2019-08-25
Contact: Zhen-Hua Guo,E-mail addresses:guozhenhua@mail.kib.ac.cn;De-Zhu Li,E-mail addresses:dzl@mail.kib.ac.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31470322 and 31430011). We thank Dr. Xia-Ying Ye for providing ddRAD-seq data of Fargesia nitida. We are grateful to Prof. Jun-Bo Yang, Dr. Guo-Qian Yang, Ms. Jing Yang and Mr. Ji-Xiong Yang at CAS Kunming Institute of Botany's Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, for providing experimental supports. We also thank the support from the UCAS Joint PhD Training Program.

Phylogenomic analyses reveal intractable evolutionary history of a temperate bamboo genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Cen Guo^a,b, Zhen-Hua Guo^a, De-Zhu Li^a

a Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China;
b Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China

通讯作者: Zhen-Hua Guo,E-mail addresses:guozhenhua@mail.kib.ac.cn;De-Zhu Li,E-mail addresses:dzl@mail.kib.ac.cn
基金资助:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31470322 and 31430011). We thank Dr. Xia-Ying Ye for providing ddRAD-seq data of Fargesia nitida. We are grateful to Prof. Jun-Bo Yang, Dr. Guo-Qian Yang, Ms. Jing Yang and Mr. Ji-Xiong Yang at CAS Kunming Institute of Botany's Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, for providing experimental supports. We also thank the support from the UCAS Joint PhD Training Program.

Abstract

Abstract: Shibataea is a genus of temperate bamboos (Poaceae:Bambusoideae) endemic to China, but little is known about its phylogenetic position and interspecific relationships. To elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of the bamboo genus Shibataea, we performed genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of all seven species and one variety of the genus using double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) and whole plastid genomes generated using genome skimming. Our phylogenomic analyses based on ddRAD-seq and plastome data congruently recovered Shibataea as monophyletic. The nuclear data resolved S. hispida as the earliest diverged species, followed by S. chinensis, while the rest of Shibataea can be further divided into two clades. However, the plastid and nuclear topologies conflict significantly. By comparing the results of network analysis and topologies reconstructed from different datasets, we identify S. kumasasa as the most admixed species, which may be caused by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) or interspecific gene flow with four sympatric species. This study highlights the power of ddRAD and plastome data in resolving complex relationships in the intractable bamboo genus.

Key words: Shibataea, ddRAD-seq, Genome skimming, Phylogeny, Incongruence

摘要： Shibataea is a genus of temperate bamboos (Poaceae:Bambusoideae) endemic to China, but little is known about its phylogenetic position and interspecific relationships. To elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of the bamboo genus Shibataea, we performed genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of all seven species and one variety of the genus using double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) and whole plastid genomes generated using genome skimming. Our phylogenomic analyses based on ddRAD-seq and plastome data congruently recovered Shibataea as monophyletic. The nuclear data resolved S. hispida as the earliest diverged species, followed by S. chinensis, while the rest of Shibataea can be further divided into two clades. However, the plastid and nuclear topologies conflict significantly. By comparing the results of network analysis and topologies reconstructed from different datasets, we identify S. kumasasa as the most admixed species, which may be caused by incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) or interspecific gene flow with four sympatric species. This study highlights the power of ddRAD and plastome data in resolving complex relationships in the intractable bamboo genus.

关键词: Shibataea, ddRAD-seq, Genome skimming, Phylogeny, Incongruence

Cen Guo, Zhen-Hua Guo, De-Zhu Li. Phylogenomic analyses reveal intractable evolutionary history of a temperate bamboo genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2019, 41(04): 213-219.

Figures/Tables 5

References 34

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采样点Sampling sites		土壤中离子含量 Ion content in soil							TSC (g·kg^-1)	pH	TP (g·kg^-1)	OM (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)
采样点Sampling sites		Cl^- (g·kg^-1)	K⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Ca²⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Na⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Mg²⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Al³⁺ (µg·g^-1)	Mn²⁺ (µg·g^-1)	TSC (g·kg^-1)	pH	TP (g·kg^-1)	OM (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)
1	A	4.67 ± 1.15	0.725 ± 0.075	0.15 ± 0.043	4.01 ± 0.13	0.14 ± 0.012	73.59 ± 8.57	557.76 ± 88.64	11.23 ± 1.07	3.02 ± 0.04	0.39 ± 0.04	4.29 ± 0.63	0.75 ± 0.17
	B	4.38 ± 1.51	0.700 ± 0.053	0.16 ± 0.012	3.77 ± 0.09	0.16 ± 0.019	71.82 ± 6.34	504.34 ± 63.24	12.15 ± 1.65	3.50 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.04	4.07 ± 0.82	0.88 ± 0.19
	C	4.21 ± 1.26	0.752 ± 0.082	0.18 ± 0.029	4.23 ± 0.19	0.13 ± 0.023	66.57 ± 8.91	556.32 ± 75.52	10.12 ± 2.01	4.01 ± 0.07	0.48 ± 0.06	5.40 ± 0.67	0.95 ± 0.12
2	A	5.36 ± 1.11	0.843 ± 0.098	0.35 ± 0.015	4.10 ± 0.23	0.17 ± 0.025	63.24 ± 10.02	499.72 ± 101.22	11.49 ± 1.32	7.24 ± 0.05	1.15 ± 0.06	8.42 ± 0.89	1.54 ± 0.37
	B	5.42 ± 1.21	0.792 ± 0.029	0.29 ± 0.019	3.27 ± 0.15	0.12 ± 0.014	64.25 ± 9.58	510.07 ± 97.25	11.81 ± 1.43	6.92 ± 0.04	1.14 ± 0.09	8.31 ± 0.48	1.49 ± 0.31
	C	4.85 ± 1.03	0.834 ± 0.092	0.27 ± 0.021	3.73 ± 0.11	0.11 ± 0.010	58.61 ± 9.12	505.36 ± 107.45	11.49 ± 1.52	7.65 ± 0.11	1.11 ± 0.06	7.72 ± 0.64	1.26 ± 0.28
3	A	6.87 ± 1.06	0.670 ± 0.095	0.31 ± 0.012	4.34 ± 0.09	0.15 ± 0.022	49.87 ± 6.33	621.67 ± 94.68	12.36 ± 1.09	7.12 ± 0.08	1.16 ± 0.10	7.68 ± 0.73	1.56 ± 0.43
	B	6.98 ± 0.96	0.540 ± 0.084	0.37 ± 0.024	4.17 ± 0.22	0.25 ± 0.017	54.55 ± 7.45	687.69 ± 99.32	13.86 ± 1.17	6.72 ± 0.08	1.05 ± 0.09	7.31 ± 0.82	1.72 ± 0.32
	C	6.52 ± 1.24	0.610 ± 0.076	0.33 ± 0.019	4.05 ± 0.16	0.16 ± 0.021	47.41 ± 4.13	630.21 ± 103.25	14.37 ± 1.58	7.02 ± 0.07	0.91 ± 0.08	7.17 ± 0.77	1.11 ± 0.24
4	A	7.87 ± 1.32	0.727 ± 0.085	0.42 ± 0.016	4.68 ± 0.24	0.12 ± 0.022	43.54 ± 8.41	505.61 ± 75.65	17.75 ± 1.35	6.94 ± 0.14	0.86 ± 0.05	6.75 ± 0.69	0.59 ± 0.21
	B	7.85 ± 1.22	0.746 ± 0.046	0.49 ± 0.025	4.44 ± 0.29	0.10 ± 0.018	38.81 ± 7.59	545.32 ± 98.64	16.36 ± 1.87	6.05 ± 0.09	0.77 ± 0.02	7.50 ± 0.72	0.49 ± 0.19
	C	6.94 ± 1.19	0.790 ± 0.091	0.45 ± 0.028	4.95 ± 0.13	0.13 ± 0.029	41.21 ± 5.39	571.88 ± 82.63	19.38 ± 1.96	6.79 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.03	6.21 ± 0.77	0.65 ± 0.28
5	A	8.63 ± 0.98	0.521 ± 0.102	0.34 ± 0.014	3.41 ± 0.12	0.15 ± 0.031	44.74 ± 11.25	569.21 ± 97.54	12.70 ± 1.23	6.85 ± 0.07	1.06 ± 0.14	6.69 ± 0.34	1.27 ± 0.41
	B	8.31 ± 1.09	0.485 ± 0.079	0.37 ± 0.015	3.77 ± 0.17	0.15 ± 0.027	37.22 ± 7.73	528.96 ± 102.57	12.12 ± 1.54	5.64 ± 0.04	1.25 ± 0.13	5.70 ± 0.45	1.12 ± 0.26
	C	9.23 ± 1.13	0.519 ± 0.099	0.33 ± 0.021	4.28 ± 0.14	0.12 ± 0.022	35.98 ± 10.36	584.21 ± 85.95	13.23 ± 2.01	6.64 ± 0.06	1.30 ± 0.21	6.69 ± 0.38	1.13 ± 0.33
6	A	10.95 ± 0.97	0.347 ± 0.086	0.06 ± 0.011	5.16 ± 0.15	0.07 ± 0.013	28.93 ± 6.12	129.43 ± 64.57	14.86 ± 1.82	6.87 ± 0.10	0.30 ± 0.04	9.39 ± 0.66	1.20 ± 0.25
	B	10.36 ± 1.13	0.358 ± 0.056	0.08 ± 0.016	5.90 ± 0.26	0.09 ± 0.014	33.65 ± 3.25	102.57 ± 81.47	15.42 ± 1.52	6.53 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.02	10.80 ± 0.47	1.48 ± 0.31
	C	12.24 ± 1.28	0.301 ± 0.092	0.05 ± 0.013	5.81 ± 0.32	0.05 ± 0.011	26.35 ± 4.99	122.33 ± 57.39	14.52 ± 1.69	6.93 ± 0.06	0.27 ± 0.04	10.20 ± 0.52	1.34 ± 0.23

采样点Sampling sites		土壤中离子含量 Ion content in soil							TSC (g·kg^-1)	pH	TP (g·kg^-1)	OM (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)
采样点Sampling sites		Cl^- (g·kg^-1)	K⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Ca²⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Na⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Mg²⁺ (g·kg^-1)	Al³⁺ (µg·g^-1)	Mn²⁺ (µg·g^-1)	TSC (g·kg^-1)	pH	TP (g·kg^-1)	OM (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)
1	A	4.67 ± 1.15	0.725 ± 0.075	0.15 ± 0.043	4.01 ± 0.13	0.14 ± 0.012	73.59 ± 8.57	557.76 ± 88.64	11.23 ± 1.07	3.02 ± 0.04	0.39 ± 0.04	4.29 ± 0.63	0.75 ± 0.17
	B	4.38 ± 1.51	0.700 ± 0.053	0.16 ± 0.012	3.77 ± 0.09	0.16 ± 0.019	71.82 ± 6.34	504.34 ± 63.24	12.15 ± 1.65	3.50 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.04	4.07 ± 0.82	0.88 ± 0.19
	C	4.21 ± 1.26	0.752 ± 0.082	0.18 ± 0.029	4.23 ± 0.19	0.13 ± 0.023	66.57 ± 8.91	556.32 ± 75.52	10.12 ± 2.01	4.01 ± 0.07	0.48 ± 0.06	5.40 ± 0.67	0.95 ± 0.12
2	A	5.36 ± 1.11	0.843 ± 0.098	0.35 ± 0.015	4.10 ± 0.23	0.17 ± 0.025	63.24 ± 10.02	499.72 ± 101.22	11.49 ± 1.32	7.24 ± 0.05	1.15 ± 0.06	8.42 ± 0.89	1.54 ± 0.37
	B	5.42 ± 1.21	0.792 ± 0.029	0.29 ± 0.019	3.27 ± 0.15	0.12 ± 0.014	64.25 ± 9.58	510.07 ± 97.25	11.81 ± 1.43	6.92 ± 0.04	1.14 ± 0.09	8.31 ± 0.48	1.49 ± 0.31
	C	4.85 ± 1.03	0.834 ± 0.092	0.27 ± 0.021	3.73 ± 0.11	0.11 ± 0.010	58.61 ± 9.12	505.36 ± 107.45	11.49 ± 1.52	7.65 ± 0.11	1.11 ± 0.06	7.72 ± 0.64	1.26 ± 0.28
3	A	6.87 ± 1.06	0.670 ± 0.095	0.31 ± 0.012	4.34 ± 0.09	0.15 ± 0.022	49.87 ± 6.33	621.67 ± 94.68	12.36 ± 1.09	7.12 ± 0.08	1.16 ± 0.10	7.68 ± 0.73	1.56 ± 0.43
	B	6.98 ± 0.96	0.540 ± 0.084	0.37 ± 0.024	4.17 ± 0.22	0.25 ± 0.017	54.55 ± 7.45	687.69 ± 99.32	13.86 ± 1.17	6.72 ± 0.08	1.05 ± 0.09	7.31 ± 0.82	1.72 ± 0.32
	C	6.52 ± 1.24	0.610 ± 0.076	0.33 ± 0.019	4.05 ± 0.16	0.16 ± 0.021	47.41 ± 4.13	630.21 ± 103.25	14.37 ± 1.58	7.02 ± 0.07	0.91 ± 0.08	7.17 ± 0.77	1.11 ± 0.24
4	A	7.87 ± 1.32	0.727 ± 0.085	0.42 ± 0.016	4.68 ± 0.24	0.12 ± 0.022	43.54 ± 8.41	505.61 ± 75.65	17.75 ± 1.35	6.94 ± 0.14	0.86 ± 0.05	6.75 ± 0.69	0.59 ± 0.21
	B	7.85 ± 1.22	0.746 ± 0.046	0.49 ± 0.025	4.44 ± 0.29	0.10 ± 0.018	38.81 ± 7.59	545.32 ± 98.64	16.36 ± 1.87	6.05 ± 0.09	0.77 ± 0.02	7.50 ± 0.72	0.49 ± 0.19
	C	6.94 ± 1.19	0.790 ± 0.091	0.45 ± 0.028	4.95 ± 0.13	0.13 ± 0.029	41.21 ± 5.39	571.88 ± 82.63	19.38 ± 1.96	6.79 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.03	6.21 ± 0.77	0.65 ± 0.28
5	A	8.63 ± 0.98	0.521 ± 0.102	0.34 ± 0.014	3.41 ± 0.12	0.15 ± 0.031	44.74 ± 11.25	569.21 ± 97.54	12.70 ± 1.23	6.85 ± 0.07	1.06 ± 0.14	6.69 ± 0.34	1.27 ± 0.41
	B	8.31 ± 1.09	0.485 ± 0.079	0.37 ± 0.015	3.77 ± 0.17	0.15 ± 0.027	37.22 ± 7.73	528.96 ± 102.57	12.12 ± 1.54	5.64 ± 0.04	1.25 ± 0.13	5.70 ± 0.45	1.12 ± 0.26
	C	9.23 ± 1.13	0.519 ± 0.099	0.33 ± 0.021	4.28 ± 0.14	0.12 ± 0.022	35.98 ± 10.36	584.21 ± 85.95	13.23 ± 2.01	6.64 ± 0.06	1.30 ± 0.21	6.69 ± 0.38	1.13 ± 0.33
6	A	10.95 ± 0.97	0.347 ± 0.086	0.06 ± 0.011	5.16 ± 0.15	0.07 ± 0.013	28.93 ± 6.12	129.43 ± 64.57	14.86 ± 1.82	6.87 ± 0.10	0.30 ± 0.04	9.39 ± 0.66	1.20 ± 0.25
	B	10.36 ± 1.13	0.358 ± 0.056	0.08 ± 0.016	5.90 ± 0.26	0.09 ± 0.014	33.65 ± 3.25	102.57 ± 81.47	15.42 ± 1.52	6.53 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.02	10.80 ± 0.47	1.48 ± 0.31
	C	12.24 ± 1.28	0.301 ± 0.092	0.05 ± 0.013	5.81 ± 0.32	0.05 ± 0.011	26.35 ± 4.99	122.33 ± 57.39	14.52 ± 1.69	6.93 ± 0.06	0.27 ± 0.04	10.20 ± 0.52	1.34 ± 0.23

解剖性状 Anatomical characteristics	生态因子 Ecological factor	回归方程 Regression equation	校正决定系数Adjusted R²
VEL	土壤全盐含量 Total soil salt content	Y _VEL = 344.761 + 12.039X_TSC	0.386^**
RD	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content	Y _RD= 101.890 - 0.042X _Mn2+- 5.777X_Na+	0.726^**
RD50	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content	Y_RD= 128.047 - 0.050X _Mn2+- 5.634X_Na+	0.587^**
TD	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content、土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content、土壤Cl-含量 Soil Cl^-content	Y_TD= 71.773 + 12.836 X_TP- 0.033X _Mn2+- 3.589X_Na+- 0.901X_{OM +} 0.547 X_Cl-	0.896^**
PA	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content、土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content	Y_PA= 5262.683 - 3.836 X _Mn2+ + 916.810X_TP-315.615X_Na+ -75.814X_OM	0.900^**
PA50	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content、土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content	Y_PA50= 8978.891 - 6.142X_Mn2+- 454.463X_Na++ 1191.560X_TP- 177.127X_OM	0.815^**
CA	土壤pH值 Soil pH value	Y_CA= 5.695 + 0.453X_pH	0.385^**
PD	土壤Ca²⁺含量、土壤全盐量 Total soil salt content	Y_PD= 10.615 + 40.737X_Ca2++ 1.608X_TSC	0.762^**
RH	土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content	Y_RH= 967.204 + 754.122X_Ca2+	0.422^**
RW	土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content、土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content	Y_RW= 24.786 + 20.811X_Ca2+- 8.091X_TP+ 0.024X _Mn2++ 3.194X_Na+	0.723^**
RF	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content	Y_RF= 9.331 - 2.759X_TP + 6.038X_Ca2+	0.562^**
FL	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content	Y_FL = 1287.519 - 0.687X_Mn2+ + 491.239X_Ca2+	0.819^**
FWT	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content	Y_FWT= 6.868 - 0.002X	0.441^**

解剖性状 Anatomical characteristics	生态因子 Ecological factor	回归方程 Regression equation	校正决定系数Adjusted R²
VEL	土壤全盐含量 Total soil salt content	Y _VEL = 344.761 + 12.039X_TSC	0.386^**
RD	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content	Y _RD= 101.890 - 0.042X _Mn2+- 5.777X_Na+	0.726^**
RD50	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content	Y_RD= 128.047 - 0.050X _Mn2+- 5.634X_Na+	0.587^**
TD	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content、土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content、土壤Cl-含量 Soil Cl^-content	Y_TD= 71.773 + 12.836 X_TP- 0.033X _Mn2+- 3.589X_Na+- 0.901X_{OM +} 0.547 X_Cl-	0.896^**
PA	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content、土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content	Y_PA= 5262.683 - 3.836 X _Mn2+ + 916.810X_TP-315.615X_Na+ -75.814X_OM	0.900^**
PA50	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content、土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤有机质含量 Soil organic matter content	Y_PA50= 8978.891 - 6.142X_Mn2+- 454.463X_Na++ 1191.560X_TP- 177.127X_OM	0.815^**
CA	土壤pH值 Soil pH value	Y_CA= 5.695 + 0.453X_pH	0.385^**
PD	土壤Ca²⁺含量、土壤全盐量 Total soil salt content	Y_PD= 10.615 + 40.737X_Ca2++ 1.608X_TSC	0.762^**
RH	土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content	Y_RH= 967.204 + 754.122X_Ca2+	0.422^**
RW	土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content、土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Na⁺含量 Soil Na⁺ content	Y_RW= 24.786 + 20.811X_Ca2+- 8.091X_TP+ 0.024X _Mn2++ 3.194X_Na+	0.723^**
RF	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content、土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content	Y_RF= 9.331 - 2.759X_TP + 6.038X_Ca2+	0.562^**
FL	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content、土壤Ca²⁺含量 Soil Ca²⁺ content	Y_FL = 1287.519 - 0.687X_Mn2+ + 491.239X_Ca2+	0.819^**
FWT	土壤Mn²⁺含量 Soil Mn²⁺ content	Y_FWT= 6.868 - 0.002X	0.441^**

Phylogenomic analyses reveal intractable evolutionary history of a temperate bamboo genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Phylogenomic analyses reveal intractable evolutionary history of a temperate bamboo genus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

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