青藏高原高山流石滩特有植物绵参的谱系地理学研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1143.2011.11082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

绵参 (Eriophyton wallichii) 是中国青藏高原地区高山流石滩特有植物。为探讨第四纪冰期气候波动对青藏高原高山流石滩植物居群遗传结构以及谱系历史的影响，检测了绵参20个居群187个个体的核糖体内转录间隔区 (ITS) 的序列变异，共发现19个单倍型，且结果表明大部分居群拥有独自的单倍型。AMOVA分析表明，居群间的变异占了总变异量的89.54%，居群遗传分化指数很高 (GST=0.863，NST=0.957)，但无明显的谱系结构。我们推测这种独特的谱系地理结构可能主要是由于高山流石滩独特的地形和环境及“孤岛效应”形成的，与先前研究过的青藏高原植物不同，绵参呈现出高度分化的遗传结构，常常呈现出“一个居群，一种单倍型”的模式，这可能是由于第四纪冰期及间冰期尽管绵参的分布范围有扩大和收缩，但始终由于特殊的高山生境和流石滩基质，导致了该物种长期以来居群间很少有基因交流并一直处于隔离状态，造成了现在这样的谱系地理结构。

关键词: 青藏高原, 高山流石滩, 绵参, 谱系地理学, ITS

Abstract:

In this study, we examined the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence variation of Eriophyton wallichii, a perennial endemic to alpine scree of the QinghaiTibetan Plateau. Nineteen haplotypes were detected by analyzing 187 individuals from 20 populations of E.wallichii. Most populations hold the unique haplotype, which showed different population with different haplotype. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for populations showed that the genetic variation mainly resided among populations (89.54%), the level of differentiation among populations was very high (GST=0.863; NST=0.957) but didn’t show a significant phylogeographical structure. It is different from foregoing other species reported in QinghaiTibetan Plateau that the haplotypes of E.wallichii showed a distribution pattern that almost one population hold one unique haplotype, hardly share same halotype among populations.We hypothesized the unique genetic structure of E.wallichii might result from allopatric fragmentation in the “islands of alpine” due to the extremely isolated alpine scree and rough topography of the region, through the Quaternary climate oscillation dramatically caused population expanding or shrinking.

Key words: QinghaiTibetan Plateau, Alpine scree, Eriophyton wallichii, Phylogeography, ITS

中图分类号:

Q 948

王晓雄1、2, 乐霁培2, 孙航2, 李志敏1. 青藏高原高山流石滩特有植物绵参的谱系地理学研究[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(6): 605-614.

WANG Xiao-Xiong-, YUE Ji-Pei-, SUN Hang-, LI Zhi-Min. Phylogeographical Study on Eriophyton wallichii (Labiatae) from Alpine Scree of QinghaiTibetan Plateau[J]. Plant Diversity, 2011, 33(6): 605-614.

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