Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

doi:10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0

Natural Products and Bioprospecting ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (4): 23-23.DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0

• Review • Previous Articles Next Articles

Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

Mei-Ling Xiang¹, Bin-Yuan Hu¹, Zi-Heng Qi¹, Xiao-Na Wang¹, Tian-Zhen Xie¹, Zhao-Jie Wang¹, Dan-Yu Ma¹, Qi Zeng¹, Xiao-Dong Luo^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China

Received:2022-04-06 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2022-08-24
Contact: Xiao-Dong Luo,E-mail:xdluo@ynu.edu.cn
Supported by:
The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170405) and Yunnan Science and Technology Project (202105AE160006, 2019FY003004) for partial financial support.

Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

Mei-Ling Xiang¹, Bin-Yuan Hu¹, Zi-Heng Qi¹, Xiao-Na Wang¹, Tian-Zhen Xie¹, Zhao-Jie Wang¹, Dan-Yu Ma¹, Qi Zeng¹, Xiao-Dong Luo^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China

通讯作者: Xiao-Dong Luo,E-mail:xdluo@ynu.edu.cn
基金资助:
The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170405) and Yunnan Science and Technology Project (202105AE160006, 2019FY003004) for partial financial support.

Abstract

Abstract: Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga^{^®}), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.

Key words: Steroidal alkaloids, Chemistry, Bioactivities, Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Apocynaceae, Buxaceae

摘要： Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga^{^®}), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.

关键词: Steroidal alkaloids, Chemistry, Bioactivities, Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Apocynaceae, Buxaceae

Mei-Ling Xiang, Bin-Yuan Hu, Zi-Heng Qi, Xiao-Na Wang, Tian-Zhen Xie, Zhao-Jie Wang, Dan-Yu Ma, Qi Zeng, Xiao-Dong Luo. Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids[J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2022, 12(4): 23-23.

References

1. Schultz HB, Meola TR, Thomas N, Prestidge CA. Oral formulation strategies to improve the bioavailability and mitigate the food effect of abiraterone acetate. Int J Pharm. 2020;577:119069. 2. Bailly C, Zhang J. A new horizon for the steroidal alkaloid cyclovirobuxine D (huangyangning) and analogues:anticancer activities and mechanism of action. J Tradit Chin Med Sci. 2020;7:337-44. 3. Evans R, Cham BE, Daunter B. Curaderm. Med J Aust. 1989;150:350. 4. Keeler RF, Binns W. Teratogenic compounds of Veratrum californicum(Durand). I. Preparation and characterization of fractions and alkaloids for biologic testing. Can J Biochem. 1966;44:819-28. 5. Cooper MK, Porter JA, Young KE, Beachy PA. Teratagon-mediated inhibition of target tissue response to Shh signaling. Science. 1998;280:1603-1603. 6. Booker BE, Steg AD, Kovac S, Landen CN, Amm HM. The use of hedgehog antagonists in cancer therapy:a comparison of clinical outcomes and gene analyses. Cancer Biol Ther. 2020;21:1-11. 7. Bailly B, Richard CA, Sharma G, Wang L, Johansen L, Cao J, Pendharkar V, Sharma DC, Galloux M, Wang Y. Targeting human respiratory syncytial virus transcription anti-termination factor M2-1 to inhibit in vivo viral replication. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25806. 8. Tokuyama T, Daly J, Witkop B, Karle IL, Karle J. The structure of batrachotoxinin A, a novel steroidal alkaloid from the Colombian arrow poison frog, Phyllobates aurotaenia. J Am Chem Soc. 1968;90:1917-8. 9. Khodorov BI. Batrachotoxin as a tool to study voltage-sensitive sodium channels of excitable membranes. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 1985;45:57-148. 10. Wang SY, Wang GK. Single rat muscle Na+channel mutation confers batrachotoxin autoresistance found in poison-dart frog Phyllobates terribilis. Proc Natl Acad. 2017;114:10491-6. 11. Prelog V, Jeger O. The alkaloids:chemistry and physiology. New York:Elsevier; 1953. p. 247-312. 12. Kupchan SM, By AW. The alkaloids:chemistry and physiology. New York:Elsevier; 1968. p. 193-285. 13. Heretsch P, Giannis A. The alkaloids:chemistry and biology. New York:Elsevier; 2015. p. 201-32. 14. Greenhill JV, Grayshan P. The alkaloids:chemistry and pharmacology. New York:Elsevier; 1992. p. 177-237. 15. Li H, Jun, Jiang Y, Li P. Chemistry, bioactivity and geographical diversity of steroidal alkaloids from the Liliaceae family. Nat Prod Rep. 2006;23:735-52. 16. Černý V, Šorm F. The alkaloids:chemistry and physiology. New York:Elsevier; 1967. p. 305-426. 17. Yan YX, Sun Y, Li ZR, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Chemistry and biological activities of buxus alkaloids. Curr Bioact Compd. 2011;7:47-64. 18. Ata A, Andersh BJ. The alkaloids:chemistry and biology. New York:Elsevier; 2008. p. 191-213. 19. Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. The alkaloids:chemistry and biology. New York:Elsevier; 1999. p. 233-60. 20. Iglesias-Arteaga MA, Morzycki JW. The alkaloids:chemistry and biology. New York:Elsevier; 2013. p. 153-279. 21. Devkota K, Lenta B, Fokou P, Sewald N. Terpenoid alkaloids of the Buxaceae family with potential biological importance. Nat Prod Rep. 2008;25:612-30. 22. Jiang Q, Chen M, Cheng K, Yu P, Shi Z. Therapeutic potential of steroidal alkaloids in cancer and other diseases. Med Res Rev. 2016;36:119-43. 23. Dey P, Kundu A, Chakraborty HJ, Kar B, Choi WS, Lee BM, Bhakta T, Atanasov AG, Kim HS. Therapeutic value of steroidal alkaloids in cancer:current trends and future perspectives. Int J Cancer. 2018;145:1731-44. 24. Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. The alkaloids:chemistry and biology. New York:Elsevier; 1998. p. 61-108. 25. Kanga DD, Ayyar PR, Simonsen JL. CCLXXXI.-Conessine. J Chem Soc. 1926;129:2123-7. 26. Cheenpracha S, Jitonnom J, Komek M, Ritthiwigrom T, Laphookhieo S. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular docking study of steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena pubescens barks. Steroids. 2016;108:92-8. 27. Tschesche R, Ockenfels H. 7α-hydroxy-conessin und Holonamin, zwei neue Basen aus Kurchi-Rinde. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges. 1964;97:2316-25. 28. Bhutani KK, Vaid RM, Ali M, Kapoor R, Soodan SR, Kumar D. Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica. Phytochemistry. 1990;29:969-72. 29. Kumar A, Ali M. A new steroidal alkaloid from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Fitoterapia. 2000;71:101-4. 30. Zirihi GN, Grellier P, Guédé-Guina F, Bodo B, Mambu L. Isolation, characterization and antiplasmodial activity of steroidal alkaloids from Funtumia elastica(Preuss) Stapf. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005;15:2637-40. 31. Yang ZD, Duan DZ, Xue WW, Yao XJ, Li S. Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the investigation for structure-activity relationships. Life Sci. 2012;90:929-33. 32. Zhou LN, Ge XL, Dong TT, Gao HY, Sun BH. Antibacterial steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenteriaca. Chin J Nat Med. 2017;15:540-5. 33. Wagner H, Seegert K, Sonnenbichler H, Ilyas M, Odenthal KP. Steroid alkaloids of Funtumia africana. Planta Med. 1987;53:444-9. 34. Gjerstad G, Modak A. Kurchi Bark (Cortex Holarrhenae antidysentericae) a drug of great therapeutic potential. Q J Crude Drug Res. 1968;8:1141-51. 35. Khuong-Huu F, Magdeleine MJ, Santamaria J, Goutarel R. Alcalodes steroidiques du Malouetia Brachyloba et du M. Heudelotii. Phytochemistry. 1973;12:1813-6. 36. Kawamoto S, Koyano T, Kowithayakorn T, Fujimoto H, Okuyama E, Hayashi M, Komiyama K, Ishibashi M. Wrightiamines A and B, two new cytotoxic pregnane alkaloids from Wrightia javanica. Chem Pharm Bull. 2003;51:737-9. 37. Bhutani KK, Ali M, Sharma SR, Vaid RM, Gupta DK. Three new alkaloids from bark of Holarrhena antidysentrica. Phytochemistry. 1988;27:925-8. 38. Siddiqui BS, Usmani SB, Begum S, Siddiqui S. Steroidal alkaloids and an androstane derivative from the bark of Holarrhena pubescens. Phytochemistry. 1993;33:925-8. 39. Siddiqui BS, Begum S, Usmani SB, Siddiqui S. Alkaloidal constituents of the bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Heterocycles. 1993;36:717-717. 40. Siddiqui B, Usmani S, Begum S, Begum S, Aftab K, Gilani A-u-H. Hypotensive constituents from the bark of Holarrhena pubescens(Holarrhena antidysenterica). Heterocycles. 1995;41:267-76. 41. Cheenpracha S, Boapun P, Limtharakul T, Laphookhieo S, Pyne SG. Antimalarial and cytotoxic activities of pregnene-type steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena pubescens roots. Nat Prod Res. 2019;33:782-8. 42. Phi TD, Pham VC, Mai HT, Litaudon M, Guéritte F, Nguyen VH, Chau VM. Cytotoxic steroidal alkaloids from Kibatalia laurifolia. J Nat Prod. 2011;74:1236-40. 43. Kutschabsky L, Pfeiffer D, Kretschmer RG, Adam G. The crystal and molecular structure of the steroidal alkaloid 20-epi-kibataline. Cryst Res Technol. 1985;20:365-9. 44. Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI, Khan MR, Anjum S, Iqbal MZ. New steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna. J Nat Prod. 2000;63:1364-8. 45. Qiu MH, Nakamura N, Min BS, Hattori M. Two new pregnanone derivatives with strong cytotoxic activity from Pachysandra axillaris. Chem Biodivers. 2005;2:866-71. 46. Chang LC, Bhat K, Pisha E, Kennelly EJ, Fong H, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Activity-guided isolation of steroidal alkaloid antiestrogen-binding site inhibitors from Pachysandra procumbens. J Nat Prod. 1998;61:1257-62. 47. Kalauni SK, Choudhary MI, Khalid A, Manandhar MD, Shaheen F, Atta-ur-Rahman, Gewali MB. New cholinesterase inhibiting steroidal alkaloids from the leaves of Sarcococca coriacea of Nepalese origin. Chem Pharm Bull. 2002;50:1423-6. 48. Naeem I, Khan N, Choudhary MI, Atta-ur-Rahman. Alkaloids of Sarcococca saligna. Phytochemistry. 1996;43:903-6. 49. Atta-ur-Rahman, Khan MR, Choudhary MI, Iqbal MZ. Steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna. Phytochemistry. 1997;45:861-4. 50. Atta-ur-Rahman, Feroz F, Zaheer-ul-Haq, Nawaz SA, Khan MR, Choudhary MI. New steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna. Nat Prod Res. 2003;17:235-41. 51. Atta-ur-Rahman, Zaheer-ul-Haq, Feroz F, Khalid A, Nawaz SA, Khan MR, Choudhary MI. New cholinesterase-inhibiting steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna. Helv Chim Acta. 2004;87:439-48. 52. Adhikaria A, Vohra MI, Jabeen A, Dastagir N, Choudhary MI. Antiinflammatory steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca wallichii of Nepalese origin. Nat Prod Commun. 2015;10:1533-6. 53. Qui MH, Nie RL, Nakamura N, Kikuchi T. Paxillarines A and B, new steroidal alkaloids from Pachysandra axillaris, and conformation of their ring A moieties. Chem Pharm Bull. 1996;44:2015-9. 54. Funayama S, Noshita T, Shinoda K, Haga N, Nozoe S, Hayashi M, Komiyama K. Cytotoxic alkaloids of Pachysandra terminalis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2000;23:262-4. 55. Leng CC, Bhat K, Fong H, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Novel bioactive steroidal alkaloids from Pachysandra procumbens. Tetrahedron. 2000;56:3133-8. 56. Huo SJ, Wu JC, He XC, Pan LT, Du J. Two new cytotoxic steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana. Molecules. 2018;24:11. 57. He K, Wang JX, Zou J, Wu JC, Huo SJ, Du J. Three new cytotoxic steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana. Molecules. 2018;23:1181-8. 58. Shazia A, Afgan F. Two new pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna. Phytochemistry. 1997;46:771-5. 59. Jayasinghe U, Nadeem M, Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI, Ratnayake HD, Amtul Z. New antibacterial steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca brevifolia. Nat Prod Lett. 1998;12:103-9. 60. Jayasinghe U, Kumarihamya BM, Nadeemb M, Choudhary MI, Weerasooriya A. iso-N-formyl-5-en-chonemorphine, a steroidal alkaloid from Sarcococca zeylanica. Nat Prod Lett. 2001;15:151-5. 61. Atta-ur-Rahman, Feroz F, Naeem I, Zaheer-ul-Haq, Nawaz SA, Khan N, Khan MR, Choudhary MI. New pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna and their cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Steroids. 2004;69:735-41. 62. Kumar N, Singh B, Bhandari P, Gupta AP, Kaul VK. Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica(L.) WALL. Chem Pharm Bull. 2007;55:912-4. 63. Zhang YY, Li YZ, Huang SQ, Cui YW, Zhang HW, Huang WL, Deng C, Wang W, Song XM. Two new pregnane alkaloids from Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. et Zucc. Nat Prod Res. 2020;35:3888-94. 64. Yu S, Zou Z, Zen J, Yu D, Cong P. Four new steroidal alkaloids from the roots of Sarcococca vagans. Chin Chem Lett. 1997;8:511-4. 65. Devkota KP, Choudhary MI, Ranjit R, Sewald SN. Structure activity relationship studies on antileishmanial steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana. Nat Prod Res. 2007;21:292-7. 66. Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI, Khan MR, Iqbal MZ. Three new steroidal amines from Sarcococca saligna. Nat Prod Lett. 1998;11:81-91. 67. Atta-ur-Rahman, Anjum S, Farooq A, Khan MR, Parveen Z, Choudhary MI. Antibacterial steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna. J Nat Prod. 1998;61:202-6. 68. Atta-ur-Rahman, Anjum S, Farooq A, Khan MR, Choudhary MI. Phytochemical studies on steroidal alkaloids of Sarcococca saligna. Nat Prod Lett. 1998;11:297-304. 69. Jayasinghe ULB, Nadeem M, Atta-Ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. 11-Hydroxyepipachysamine-E, a new steroidal alkaloid from Sarcococca brevifolia. Nat Prod Lett. 2000;14:293-8. 70. Atta-ur-Rahman, Zaheer-ul-Haq, Khalid A, Anjum S, Khan MR, Choudhary MI. Pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids of Sarcococca saligna:a new class of cholinesterase inhibitors. Helv Chim Acta. 2002;85:678-88. 71. Choudhary MI, Devkota KP, Nawaz SA, Shaheen F, Atta-ur-Rahman. Cholinesterase-inhibiting new steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana of Nepalese origin. Helv Chim Acta. 2004;87:1099-108. 72. Khalid A, Zaheer ul H, Ghayur MN, Feroz F, Atta ur R, Gilani AH, Choudhary MI. Cholinesterase inhibitory and spasmolytic potential of steroidal alkaloids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004;92:477-84. 73. Choudhary MI, Devkota KP, Nawaz SA, Ranjit R, Atta ur R. Cholinesterase inhibitory pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana. Steroids. 2005;70:295-303. 74. Devkota KP, Lenta BN, Choudhary MI, Naz Q, Fekam FB, Rosenthal PJ, Sewald N. Cholinesterase inhibiting and antiplasmodial steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana. Chem Pharm Bull. 2007;55:1397-401. 75. Sun Y, Yan YX, Chen JC, Lu L, Zhang XM, Yan L, Qiu MH. Pregnane alkaloids from Pachysandra axillaris. Steroids. 2010;75:818-24. 76. Zhang PZ, Wang F, Yang LJ, Zhang GL. Pregnane alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna. Fitoterapia. 2013;89:143-8. 77. Iqbal N, Adhikari A, Kanwal N, Abdalla OM, Mesaik MA, Musharraf SG. New immunomodulatory steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococa saligna. Phytochem Lett. 2015;14:203-8. 78. Zou ZM, Li LJ, Yang M, Yu SS, Cong PZ, Yu DQ. Steroidal alkaloids from roots of Sarcococca vagans. Phytochemistry. 1997;46:1091-3. 79. Yan YX, Sun Y, Chen JC, Wang YY, Li Y, Qiu MH. Cytotoxic steroids from Sarcococca saligna. Planta Med. 2011;77:1725-9. 80. Kalauni SK, Choudhary MI, Shaheen F, Manandhar MD. Steroidal alkaloids from the leaves of Sarcococca coriacea of Nepalese origin. J Nat Prod. 2001;64:842-4. 81. Kam TS, Sim KM, Koyano T, Toyoshima M, Hayashi M, Komiyama K. Cytotoxic and leishmanicidal aminoglycosteroids and aminosteroids from Holarrhena curtisii. J Nat Prod. 1998;61:1332-6. 82. Zhai HY, Zhao C, Zhang N, Jin MN, Tang SA, Qin N, Kong DX, Duan HQ. Alkaloids from Pachysandra terminalis inhibit breast cancer invasion and have potential for development as antimetastasis therapeutic agents. J Nat Prod. 2012;75:1305-11. 83. Badmus JA, Ekpo OE, Hussein AA, Meyer M, Hiss DC. Cytotoxic and cell cycle arrest properties of two steroidal alkaloids isolated from Holarrhena floribunda(G. Don) T. Durand&Schinz leaves. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19:112-20. 84. Wu JC, Huo SJ, Du J. 4-dehydroxyepisarcovagine A, a new steroidal alkaloid from Sarcococca pruniformis Lindl. Nat Prod Res. 2019;33:169-73. 85. Brown KS, Kupchan SM. The structure of cyclobuxine. J Am Chem Soc. 1962;84:4590-1. 86. Atta-ur-Rahman, Noor-e-ain F, Choudhary MI, Parveen Z, Turkoz S, Sener B. New steroidal alkaloids from Buxus longifolia. J Nat Prod. 1997;60:976-81. 87. Qiu MH, Yang WS, Nie RL. Steroidal alkaloids from Buxus bodinieri. Yunnan Zhiwu Yanjiu. 2001;23:357-62. 88. Yan YX, Chen JC, Sun Y, Wang YY, Su J, Li Y, Qiu MH. Triterpenoid alkaloids from Buxus microphylla. Chem Biodivers. 2010;7:1822-7. 89. Atta-ur-Rahman, Naz S, Ata A, Choudhary MI. New triterpenoidal alkaloids from the leaves of Buxus papillosa. Heterocycles. 1998;48:519-28. 90. Voticky Z, Bauerová O, Paulík V, Dolesj L. Buxozine-C, a novel type of Buxus alkaloid. Phytochemistry. 1977;16:1860-1. 91. Atta-ur-Rahman, Alam M, Nasir H, Dagne E, Yenesew A. Three steroidal alkaloids from Buxus hildebrandtii. Phytochemistry. 1990;29:1293-6. 92. Ata A, Naz S, Choudhary MI, Atta-ur-Rahman, Sener B, Turkoz S. New triterpenoidal alkaloids from Buxus sempervirens, Z Naturforsch. C J Biosci. 2002;57:21-8. 93. Choudhary MI, Shahnaz S, Parveen S, Khalid A, Mesaik MA, Ayatollahi SAM, Atta-ur-Rahman. New cholinesterase-inhibiting triterpenoid alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana. Chem Biodivers. 2006;3:1039-52. 94. Ata A, Iverson CD, Kalhari KS, Akhter S, Betteridge J, Meshkatalsadat MH, Orhan I, Sener B. Triterpenoidal alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana and their enzyme inhibitory, anti-fungal and anti-leishmanial activities. Phytochemistry. 2010;71:1780-6. 95. Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI, Naz S, Ata A, Sener B, Turkoz S. New steroidal alkaloids from the roots of Buxus sempervirens. J Nat Prod. 1997;60:770-4. 96. Atta-ur-Rahman, Naz S, Ata A, Choudhary MI, Sener B, Turkoz S. Novel triterpenoidal alkaloids from the roots of Buxus sempervirens. Nat Prod Lett. 1998;12:299-306. 97. Atta-ur-Rahman, Naz S, Noor-e-ain F, Ali RA, Choudhary MI, Sener B, Turkoz S. Alkaloids from Buxus species. Phytochemistry. 1992;31:2933-5. 98. Khodzhaev BU, Khodzhaeva MR, Ubaev K. Isodihydrocyclomicrophylline A from Buxus sempervirens. Chem Nat Compd. 1993;29:812-3. 99. Jiang D, Chiu M, Nie R. Three steroidal alkaloids from Buxus microphylla. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 1999;1:239-44. 100 Atta-ur-Rahman S, Parveen S, Khalid A, Farooq A, Choudhary MI. Acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase-inhibiting triterpenoid alkaloids from Buxus papillosa. Phytochemistry. 2001;58:963-8. 101 Burnell RH, Soucy M. Alkaloids of Buxus wallichiana. Phytochemistry. 1972;11:1853-4. 102 Guo H, Cai XH. Triterpenoid alkaloids from Buxus rugulosa. Chem Nat Compd. 2008;44:206-7. 103 Yan YX, Hu XD, Chen JC, Sun Y, Qiu MH. Cytotoxic triterpenoid alkaloids from Buxus microphylla. J Nat Prod. 2009;72:308-11. 104 Matochko WL, James A, Lam CW, Kozera DJ, Ata A, Gengan RM. Triterpenoidal alkaloids from Buxus natalensis and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. J Nat Prod. 2010;73:1858-62. 105 Bai ST, Zhu GL, Peng XR, Dong JR, Yu MY, Chen JC, Wan LS, Qiu MH. Cytotoxicity of triterpenoid alkaloids from Buxus microphylla against human tumor cell lines. Molecules. 2016;21:1125-30. 106 Atta-ur-Rahman S, Ata A, Naz S, Choudhary MI, Sener B, Turkoz S. New steroidal alkaloids from the roots of Buxus sempervirens. J Nat Prod. 1999;62:665-9. 107 Atta-ur-Rahman, Noor-E-Ain F, Ali RA, Choudhary MI, Pervin A, Turkoz S, Sener B. Two steroidal alkaloids from Buxus longifolia. Phytochemistry. 1993;32:1059-63. 108 Xiang ZN, Su JC, Liu YH, Deng B, Zhao N, Pan J, Hu ZF, Chen FH, Cheng BY, Chen JC. Structurally diverse alkaloids from Buxus sempervirens with cardioprotective activity. Bioorg Chem. 2021;109:104753. 109 Atta-Ur-Rahman, Chou MI, Hary D, Naz S, Ata A, Perveen S, Parvez M. New triterpenoidal alkaloids from the leaves of Buxus papillosa. Nat Prod Lett. 1998;11:111-8. 110 Babar ZU, Ata A, Meshkatalsadat MH. New bioactive steroidal alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana. Steroids. 2006;71:1045-51. 111 Lorua F, Duvala D, Aumelasb A, Akeb D, Guedja R. Four steroidal alkaloids from the leaves of Buxus sempervirens. Phytochemistry. 2000;54:951-7. 112 Atta-ur-Rahman, Parveen S, Khalid A, Farooq A, Ayattollahi SAM, Choudhary MI. Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting triterpenoidal alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana. Heterocycles. 1998;49:481-8. 113 Atta-ur-Rahman, Asif E, Ali SS, Nasir H, Jamal SA, Ata A, Farooq A, Choudhary MI, Sener B, Turkoz S. New steroidal alkaloids from the roots of Buxus papillosa. J Nat Prod. 1992;55:1063-6. 114 Lam CW, Wakeman A, James A, Ata A, Gengan RM, Ross SA. Bioactive steroidal alkaloids from Buxus macowanii Oliv. Steroids. 2015;95:73-9. 115 Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI, Ata A, Dagne E. New tetrahydrofuranoid steroidal alkaloids from the leaves of Buxus hildebrandtii. Heterocycles. 1992;34:157-71. 116 Choudhary MI, Shahnaz S, Parveen S, Khalid A, Ayatollahi SAM, Atta-ur-Rahman, Parvez M. New triterpenoid alkaloid cholinesterase inhibitors from Buxus hyrcana. J Nat Prod. 2003;66:739-42. 117 Meshkatalsadat MH, Mollataghi A, Ata A. New triterpenoidal alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana. Z Naturforsch B. 2006;61:201-6. 118 Takasugi M, Castro-Araya VH, Masamune T, Furusaki A, Matsumoto T. Veratrenone, a new alkaloid from Veratrum species. Chem Lett. 1974;3:1477-80. 119 Kaneko K, Naruse N, Haruki K, Mitsuhashi H. Isobaimonidine, a new Fritillaria alkaloid from the aerial part of Fritillaria verticillata. Chem Pharm Bull. 1980;28:1345-6. 120 Kitamura Y, Nishizawa M, Kaneko K, Shiro M, Hsu HY. Pingbeinone, a novel steroidal alkaloid having C-18 nor cevane skeleton from Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989;30:4981-2. 121 Kitamura Y, Nishizawa M, Kaneko K, Shiro M. New steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria ussuriensis maxim. pingbeinone and heilonine. Tetrahedron. 1989;45:7281-6. 122 Feng R, Lin WH, Cai MS. Studies on the chemical constituents of fritillaria taipaiensis L. Chin Chem Lett. 1994;5:383-383. 123 Liu M, Xu WL, Xu CX, Chen DL, Wang JZ. Two new steroidal alkaloids from bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora. Zhongcaoyao. 2016;47:876-80. 124 Hu Z, Zong JF, Yili A, Yu MH, Aisa HA, Hou AJ. Isosteroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria tortifolia. Fitoterapia. 2018;131:112-8. 125 Zhou CX, Liu JY, Ye WC, Liu CH, Tan RX. Neoverataline A and B, two antifungal alkaloids with a novel carbon skeleton from Veratrum taliense. Tetrahedron. 2003;59:5743-7. 126 Li YL, Zhang Y, Zhao PZ, Hu ZX, Hao XJ. Two new steroidal alkaloids from the rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum L. and their anti-TYLCV activity. Fitoterapia. 2020;147:104731. 127 Kaneko K, Kawamura N, Kuribayashi T, Tanaka M, Mitsuhashi H. Structures of two cevanine alkaloids, shinonomenine and veraflorizine, and a cevanidane alkaloid, procevine, isolated from illuminated veratrum. Tetrahedron Lett. 1978;19:4801-4. 128 Kaneko K, Naruse N, Tanaka M, Yoshida N, Mitsuhashi H. Fritillarizine, a new Fritillaria alkaloid isolated from the aerial part of mature Fritillaria verticillata. Chem Pharm Bull. 1980;28:3711-3. 129 Kang CH, Han JH, Oh J, Kulkarni R, Zhou W, Ferreira D, Jang TS, Myung CS, Na MK. Steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum nigrum enhance glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. J Nat Prod. 2015;78:803-10. 130 Kaneko K, Tanaka M, Haruki K, Naruse N, Mitsuhashi H. 13C-NMR studies on the cevanine alkaloids:the application of 13C-NMR spectrum for structure elucidation of new alkaloids, baimonidine and isoverticine. Tetrahedron Lett. 1979;20:3737-40. 131 Xu DM, Zhang B, Xiao YW. Studies on chemical constituents of pingpeimu (Fritilaria ussuriensis Maxim). II. Isolation and identification of pingpeimine glucoside. Acta Pharm Sin. 1983;18:868-70. 132 Wu JZ, Pan XP, Lou MA, Wang XS, Ling DK. Studies on the chemical constituents of Fritillaria in Hubei. X. Isolation and identification of alkaloids from Fritillaria ebeiensis var. purpurea G.D.Yu et P.Li. Acta Pharm Sin. 1989;24:600-5. 133 Kaneko K, Katsuhara T, Kitamura Y, Nishizawa M, Chen YP, Hsu HY. New steroidal alkaloids from the Chinese herb drug, "Bei-mu." Chem Pharm Bull. 1988;36:4700-5. 134 Zhang JX, Ma GE, Lao AN, Xu RS. Studies on chemical constituents of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Acta Pharm Sin. 1991;26:231-3. 135 Lin G, Ho YP, Li P, Li XG. Puqiedinone, a novel 5α-cevanine alkaloid from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis, an antitussive traditional Chinese medicine. J Nat Prod. 1995;58:1662-7. 136 Zhang JX, Lao AN, Huang HZ, Ma GE, Xu RS. Studies on the chemical constituents of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. III. Isolation and identification of zhebeinone. Acta Pharm Sin. 1992;27:472-5. 137 Zhang JX, Zhang AN, Xu RS. Steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria thunbergii var chekiangensis. Phytochemistry. 1993;33:946-7. 138 Lee P, Kitamura Y, Kaneko K, Shiro M, Xu GJ, Chen YP, Hsu HY. The structural elucidation of Fritillaria alkaloids from Fritillaria ebeiensis var. Purpurea. I:the structures of ebeienine, ebeiedine and ebeiedinone. Chem Pharm Bull. 1988;36:4316-29. 139 Atta-ur-Rahman, Akhtar MN, Choudhary MI, Tsuda Y, Sener B, Khalid A, Parvez M. New steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria imperialis and their cholinesterase inhibiting activities. Chem Pharm Bull. 2002;50:1013-6. 140 Pi HF, Ruan HL, Zhang YH, Wu JZ. Steroidal alkaloids from bulbs of Fritillaria lichuanensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2004;8:253-7. 141 Yan J, Ping L, Li HJ, Hua Y. New steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis. Steroids. 2006;71:843-8. 142 Wang L, Jiang Y, Yaseen A, Li F, Chen B, Shen XF, Zheng C, Zhang GL, Wang MK. Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk and their anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Chem. 2021;112:104845. 143 Kawasaki T, Kitajima J, Noda N, Ida Y, Miyahara K. Steroid alkaloids of fresh bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii mig. And of crude drug "Bai-mo" prepared therefrom. Heterocycles. 1981;15:791-6. 144 Chen Q, Zhu LH, Xu YF, Fan JZ. A new steroidal alkaloid from the bulbus of Fritillaria wabuensia. Acta Pharm Sin. 2004;39:348-50. 145 Xu DM, Zhang B, Li HR, Xu ML. Isolation and identification of alkaloids from Fritillalia ussuriensis maxim. Acta Pharm Sin. 1982;17:355-9. 146 Xu DM, Wang SQ, Huang EX, Xu ML, Zhang YX, Wen XG. Isolation and identification of pingpeimine B. Acta Pharm Sin. 1988;23:902-5. 147 Xu DM, He CH, Wang SQ, Huang EX, Wen XG. Structure of pingbeimine C. Acta Pharm Sin. 1990;25:127-30. 148 Kaneko K, Katsuhara T, Mitsuhashi H, Chen YP, Hsu HY, Shiro M. Isolation and structure elucidation of new alkaloids from Fritillaria delavayi Franch, Shiro M. Chem Pharm Bull. 1985;33:2614-7. 149 Wu JZ, Pu QL. Studies on the chemical constituents of hubeibeimu (Fritillaria hupehensis Hsia). III. Isolation and identification of hupehenioside. Acta Pharm Sin. 1985;20:372-6. 150 Wu JZ, Pu QL. Phytochemical studies on Fritillaria hupehensis IV. Isolation and identification of hupeheniirne, hupehenizine, and their mutual transformation with hupehenine. Zhongcaoyao. 1986;6:5-14. 151 Xu YJ, Xu DM, Cui DB, Huang EX, Jin XQ, Liu SY, Yan MM. Isolation and identification of yibeinoside B. Acta Pharm Sin. 1993;28:192-6. 152 Wu JZ, Tang M, Wang R. Studies on chemical constituents of Fritillaria in Hubei. XIII. Isolation and structure elucidation of hupehemonoside. Acta Pharm Sin. 1991;26:829-35. 153 Ori K, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Nikaido T, Ohmoto T. Cerveratrum alkaloids from bulbs of Fritillaria persica. Phytochemistry. 1992;31:3605-7. 154 Zhang JX, Lao AN, Xu RS. Studies on chemical constituents of Fritillaria yuminensis. Acta Bot Sin. 1993;35:963-7. 155 Zhang Y, Ruan H, Fang P, Cai J, Wu J. A new steroidal alkaloid from bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis. Chem Res Chin Univ. 2004;20:804-6. 156 Li Y, Yili A, Li J, Muhamat A, Aisa HA. New isosteroidal alkaloids with tracheal relaxant effect from the bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2016;26:1983-7. 157 Kaneko K, Katsuhara T, Mitsuhashi H, Chen YP, Hsu HY, Shiro M. Chuanbeinone, a novel d/e cis-(22r,25s)-5α-cevanine alkaloid from chinese herbal drug, chuan-bei-mu. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986;27:2387-90. 158 Min ZD, Qian JF, Iinuma M, Tanaka T, Mizuno M. Two steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria harelinii. Phytochemistry. 1986;25:2008-9. 159 Kitamura Y, Kaneko K, Shiro M, Chen YP, Xu GJ. Tortifoline, a novel (20S, 22R)-5α-cevanine alkaloid from Fritillaria tortifolia. Chem Pharm Bull. 1989;37:1514-6. 160 Wang HM, Ogorochi T, Arai K, Miyajima A. Structure of mouse interleukin 3(IL-3) binding protein (AIC2A):amino acid residues critical for IL-3 binding. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:979-83. 161 Yu S, Xiao P, Xun N. Studies on a new alkaloid, sonbeinine, from Fritillaria unibracteata. Acta Bot Sin. 1992;34:945-9. 162 Tsuda Y, Atta ur R, Akhtar MN, Sener B, Parvez M, Sashida Y, Mimaki Y, Mizuno M. The structure of a new crystalline cevane alkaloid:its identity with persicanidine B and harepermine. Nat Prod Res. 2004;18:205-9. 163 Li QH, Wu ZH. Isolation and identification of alkaloids from Fritillaria anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin. Acta Pharm Sin. 1986;21:767-71. 164 Ori K, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Nikaido T, Ohmoto T, Masuko A. Persicanidine A, a novel cerveratrum alkaloid from the bulbs of Fritillaria persica. Chem Lett. 1992;21:163-6. 165 Li Y, Yili A, Muhamat A, Aisa H. A new alkaloid with tracheal relaxant effect from the bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora. Chem Nat Compd. 2017;53:926-8. 166 Samikov K, Shakirov R, Yunusov SY. Alkaloids of Veratrum lobelianum the structure of germinaline. Chem Nat Compd. 1975;11:566-7. 167 Liang GY, Sun NJ. Chemical studies on active principles of Veratrum stenophyllum. II. Studies on the structure of a new blood pressure lowering agents-stenophylline A. Acta Pharm Sin. 1984;19:190-4. 168 Zhao WJ, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T, Chen J, Guo YT. Studies on the constituents of Veratrum plants. i.:constituents of Veratrum maackii REG.; isolation and structure determinatin of a new alkaloid, maackinine. Chem Pharm Bull. 1989;37:2920-8. 169 Zhao W, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T, Chen J, Guo Y. Studies on the constitutents of Veratrum plants. II. Constituents of Veratrum nigrum L. var. ussuriense.(1). structure and 1H-and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a new alkaloid, verussurinine, and related alkaloids. Chem Pharm Bull. 2008;39:549-54. 170 Atta-ur-Rahman, Ali RA, Choudhary MI, Sener B, Turkoz S. New steroidal alkaloids from rhizomes of Veratrum album. J Nat Prod. 1992;55:565-70. 171 Sayed KE, Mcchesney JD, Halim AF, Zaghloul AM, Lee IS. A study of alkaloids in Veratrum viride aiton. Int J Pharm. 1996;34:161-73. 172 Atta-ur-Rahman, Ali RA, Ashraf M, Choudhary MI, Sener B, Turkoz S. Steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum album. Phytochemistry. 1996;43:907-11. 173 Zhou CX, Tanaka HK, Christopher HK, Higa T, Tan RX. Steroidal alkaloids and stilbenoids from Veratrum taliense. Planta Med. 1999;65:480-2. 174 Tang J, Li HL, Shen YH, Jin HZ, Yan SK, Liu RH, Zhang WD. Four new germine esters from Veratrum dahuricum, Helv. Chim Acta. 2007;90:769-75. 175 Wang B, Zhang WD, Shen YH, Tang J, Zhang C, Liu RH, Lin M, Li HL. Two new steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum nigrum L. Helv Chim Acta. 2008;91:244-8. 176 Tanaka N, Suto S, Kobayashi J. Veramadines A and B, new steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum maackii var. japonicum. Chem Pharm Bull. 2011;59:909-12. 177 Kitamura Y, Nishizawa M, Kaneko K, Ikura M, Hikichi K, Shiro M, Chen YP, Hsu HY. New steroidal alkaloids having a novel seven ring skeleton from Fritillaria ussuriensis maxim. Tetrahedron. 1989;45:5755-66. 178 Suh WS, Lee SY, Park JE, Kim DH, Kim SY, Lee KR. Two new steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii. Heterocycles. 2018;96:925-34. 179 Akhtar MN, Atta ur R, Choudhary MI, Sener B, Erdogan I, Tsuda Y. New class of steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria imperialis. Phytochemistry. 2003;63:115-22. 180. Kaneko K, Kawamura N, Mitsuhashi H, Ohsaki K. Two new veratrum alkaloids, hosukinidine and epirubijervine from illuminated veratrum plant. Chem Pharm Bull. 2008;27:2534-6. 181. Kim JY, Son E, Kim DS. One new veratramine-type alkaloid from Veratrum maackiivar. japonicum and antioxidative activities of isolated compounds. Nat Prod Commun. 2020;15:1-5. 182. Yang C, Liu R, Zhou J, Zhanhe C, Ni F, Yang Y. Sterqidal alkaloids of Veratrum mentzeanum. Acta Bot Yunnanica. 1987;9:359-64. 183. Li QH, Wu ZH, Zhang LL, Pan JD. Structural determination of ningpeisinoside isolated from Fritillaria ningguoensis S.C. Chen et S.F. Yin. Acta Pharm Sin. 1991;26:794-7. 184. Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T, Zhao W, Chen J, Guo Y. Two new steroidal alkaloids, 20-isoveratramine and verapatuline, from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum patulum. J Nat Prod. 1998;61:1078-81. 185. Tang J, Li HL, Shen YH, Jin HZ, Yan SK, Liu RH, Zhang WD. Antitumor activity of extracts and compounds from the rhizomes of Veratrum dahuricum. Phytother Res. 2008;22:1093-6. 186. Li Q, Zhao YL, Long CB, Zhu PF, Liu YP, Luo XD. Seven new veratramine-type alkaloids with potent analgesic effect from Veratrum taliense. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;244:112137. 187. Irsch EM, Pachaly P, Breitmaie E, Sin KS. Alkaloide aus Veratrum patulum. I:Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung neuer Steroidalkaloidglycoside. Liebigs Ann Chem. 1993;1993:281-5. 188. Jiang Y, Li HJ, Li P, Cai ZH, Ye WC. Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria puqiensis. J Nat Prod. 2005;68:264-7. 189. Gao LJ, Zhang MZ, Li XY, Huang WK, Xu SF, Ye YP. Steroidal alkaloids isolated from Veratrum grandiflorum Loes. as novel smoothened inhibitors with anti-proliferation effects on DAOY medulloblastoma cells. Biorg Med Chem. 2021;39:116166. 190. He CL, Liu XH, Liu YR, Wang JZ, Chen DL. A new alkaloid with cytotoxic activity from Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Nat Prod Res. 2021.. He CL, Liu XH, Liu YR, Wang JZ, Chen DL. A new alkaloid with cytotoxic activity from Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. Nat Prod Res. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1933970. 191. Nakhatov I, Shakirov R, Taskhanova EM, Yunusov SY. Alkaloids of Veratrum dahuricum. Khim Prir Soedin. 1980;38:131-2. 192. Tashkodzhaev B, Nakhatov I, Shakirov R, Yagudaev MR. Crystal and molecular structures of the alkaloid verdine. Chem Nat Compd. 1984;20:711-5. 193. Mimaki Y, Sashida Y. Studies on the chemical constituents of the bulbs of Fritillaria camtschatcensis. Chem Pharm Bull. 1990;38:1090-2. 194. Qian ZZ, Nohara T. Steroidal alkaloids of Fritillaria maximowiczii. Phytochemistry. 1995;40:979-81. 195. Yun S, Chen JX, Lin Z, Jia S, Yan L, Qiu MH. Three new pregnane alkaloids from Veratrum taliense. Helv Chim Acta. 2012;95:1114-20. 196. Atta-ur-Rahman, Ali RA, Gilani A, Chou MI, Hary D, Aftab K, Sener B, Turkoz S. Isolation of antihypertensive alkaloids from the rhizomes of Veratrum album. Planta Med. 1993;59:569-71. 197. Cong Y, Li J, Zhang QC, Zhang JG, Li SS. Steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) Loes. F. with genotoxicity on brain cell DNA in mice. Helv Chim Acta. 2015;98:85-91. 198. Cong Y, Jia W, Chen J, Song S, Wang JH, Yang YH. Steroidal alkaloids from the roots and rhizomes of Vertrum nigrum L. Helv Chim Acta. 2007;90:1038-42. 199. Li Q, Yang KX, Zhao YL, Qin XJ, Yang XW, Liu L, Liu YP, Luo XD. Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum taliense. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;179:274-9. 200. Xu YJ, Xu DM, Huang EX, Wu XY, Liu SY. Isolation and identification of yibeissine. Acta Pharm Sin. 1992;27:121-4. 201. Zhang JX, Lao AN, Xu RS. Studieson new alkaloids of Fritillaria tortifolla X. Z. Duan. Youji Huaxue. 1994;14:289-92. 202. Atta-ur-Rahman, Ali RA, Parveen T, Choudhary MI, Turkoz S. Alkaloids from Veratrum album. Phytochemistry. 1991;30:368-70. 203. Cong Y, Zhu HL, Zhang QC, Li L, Li HY, Wang XY, Guo JG. Steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum maackii Regel with genotoxicity on brain-cell DNA in mice. Helv Chim Acta. 2015;98:539-45. 204. Zhou XF, Gao ZG, Han XR, Zhao WJ, Wang SS. Two new steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense. Chin Chem Lett. 2010;21:1209-12. 205. Zhao DK, Zhao Y, Chen SY, Kennelly EJ. Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids:structural diversity, biological activities, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep. 2021;38:1423-44. 206. Ono M, Takara Y, Egami M, Uranaka K, Yoshimitsu H, Matsushita S, Fujiwara Y, Ikeda T, Nohara T. Steroidal alkaloid glycosides, esculeosides C and D, from the ripe fruit of cherry tomato. Chem Pharm Bull. 2006;54:237-9. 207. Lu Y, Luo J, Kong L. Steroidal alkaloid saponins and steroidal saponins from Solanum surattense. Phytochemistry. 2011;72:668-73. 208. Maxwell A, Seepersaud M, Pingal R, Mootoo DR, Reynolds WF. 3β-Aminospirosolane steroidal alkaloids from Solanum triste. J Nat Prod. 1995;58:625-8. 209. Maxwell A, Pingal R, Reynolds WF, McLean S. 3-Aminospirosolane alkaloids from Solanum arboreum. Phytochemistry. 1996;43:913-5. 210. Schreiber K. Die alkaloide von solanum dulcamara L. Planta Med. 1958;6:94-7. 211. Wolters B. Relationship between the structure and the antibiotic action of some steroid alkaloids. Arch Pharm. 1964;297:748-54. 212. Lee YY, Hashimoto F, Yahara S, Nohara T, Yoshida N. Studies on the solanaceous plants. 29. Steroidal glycosides from Solanum dulcamara. Chem Pharm Bull. 1994;42:707-9. 213. Ripperger H, Porzel A. Steroidal alkaloid glycosides from Solanum suaveolens. Phytochemistry. 1997;46:1279-82. 214. Lee YY, Hsu FL, Nohara T. Studies on the solanaceous plants. Part Xl. Two new soladulcidine glycosides from Solanum lyratum. Chem Pharm Bull. 1997;45:1381-2. 215. Li W, Huang X, Qi C, Liu S, Kodama O, Utaka K. The molluscicidal component isolation and structure determination of Solanum xanthocarpum. Agrochemicals. 2007;46:591-3. 216. Iijima Y, Watanabe B, Sasaki R, Takenaka M, Ono H, Sakurai N, Umemoto N, Suzuki H, Shibata D, Aoki K. Steroidal glycoalkaloid profiling and structures of glycoalkaloids in wild tomato fruit. Phytochemistry. 2013;95:145-57. 217. Kuhn R, Löw I. Zur Konstitution des Leptinidins. Chem Ber. 1961;94:1096-103. 218. Boll PM. Alkaloidal glycosides from Solanum dulcamara. Ada Chem Scand. 1962;16:1819-30. 219. Schreiber K. Solanum-alkaloide, XXXVII. Über die alkaloidglykoside von Solanum polyadenium Greenm. Eur J Org Chem. 1964;674:168-75. 220. Osman SF, Johns TA, Price KR. Sisunine, a glycoalkaloid found in hybrids between Solanum acaule and Solanum x ajanhuiri. Phytochemistry. 1986;25:967-8. 221. Maxwell A, Pingal R, Reynolds WF, McLean S. Two steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum arboreum. Phytochemistry. 1996;42:543-5. 222. Friedman M, Levin CE, Lee SU, Kim HJ, Lee IS, Byun JO, Kozukue N. Tomatine-containing green tomato extracts inhibit growth of human breast, colon, liver, and stomach cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2009;57:5727-33. 223. Bednarz H, Roloff N, Niehaus K. Mass spectrometry imaging of the spatial and temporal localization of alkaloids in Nightshades. J Agric Food Chem. 2019;67:13470-7. 224. Mweetwa AM, Hunter D, Poe R, Harich KC, Ginzberg I, Veilleux RE, Tokuhisa JG. Steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum chacoense. Phytochemistry. 2012;75:32-40. 225. Rönsch H, Schreiber K. Solanum-alkaloide-LXXII.:Über γ1-und δ-solamarin, zwei neue tomatidenol-glykoside aus Solanum dulcamara L. Phytochemistry. 1966;5:1227-33. 226. Usubillaga A, Aziz I, Tettamanzi MC, Waibel R, Achenbach H. Steroidal alkaloids from Solanum sycophanta. Phytochemistry. 1997;44:537-43. 227. Wanyonyi AW, Chhabra SC, Mkoji G, Eilert U, Njue WM. Bioactive steroidal alkaloid glycosides from Solanum aculeastrum. Phytochemistry. 2002;59:79-84. 228. Kaneko K, Niitsu K, Yoshida N, Mitsuhashi H. Structure of solanaviol, a new steroidal alkaloid from Solanum aviculare. Phytochemistry. 1980;19:299-302. 229. Matsuo Y, Shinoda D, Nakamaru A, Mimaki Y. Steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of Fritillaria meleagris and their cytotoxic activities. Steroids. 2013;78:670-82. 230. Ripperger H. Steroid alkaloid glycosides from Solanum robustum. Phytochemistry. 1995;39:1475-7. 231. Murakami K, Nohara T, Nomimatsu T. Studies on the constituents of solanum plants. iv. On the constituents of Solanum japonense Nakai. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1984;104:195-8. 232. Yoshida K, Yahara S, Saijo R, Murakami K, Tomimatsu T, Nohara T. Changes caused by included enzymes in the constituents of Solanum nigrum berries. Chem Pharm Bull. 1987;35:1645-8. 233. Yamashita T, Fujimura N, Yahara S, Nohara T, Kawanobu S, Fujieda K. Structures of three new steroidal alkaloid glycosides, solaverines I, II and III from Solanum toxicarium and S. verbascifolium. Chem Pharm Bull. 1990;38:827-9. 234. Lin CN, Lu CM, Cheng MK, Gan KH, Won SJ. The cytotoxic principles of Solanum incanum. J Nat Prod. 1990;53:513-6. 235. Ripperger H, Porzel A. Solanum alkaloids, 128. Steroid alkaloid glycosides from Solanum robustum. Eur J Org Chem. 1994;1994:517-20. 236. Ripperger H, Himmelreich U. Anguivine and isoanguivine, steroid alkaloid glycosides from Solanum anguivi. Phytochemistry. 1994;37:1725-7. 237. Puri R, Wong TC, Puri RK. 1H-and 13C-NMR assignments and structural determination of a novel glycoalkaloid from Solanum platanifolium. J Nat Prod. 1994;57:587-96. 238. Sarg TM, Glombitza KW, Hafez SS, Farrag NM, Abbas FA. Solasodine glycosides of Solanum unguiculatum (A.) Rich. Pharm World Sci. 1995;17:191-4. 239. Lorey S, Porzel A, Ripperger H. Steroid alkaloid glycosides from Solanum coccineum. Phytochemistry. 1996;41:1633-5. 240. Hanna AG, ElgamaL MHA, Yassin FY. Solanelagnin, a novel glycoalkaloid from Solanum elaeagnifolium. Fitoterapia. 1996;67:223-6. 241. Ripperger H. Steroidal alkaloid glycosides from Solanum uporo. Phytochemistry. 1997;44:731-4. 242. Wanyonyi AW, Tarus PK, Chhabra SC. A novel glycosidic steroidal alkaloid from Solanum aculeastrum. Bull Chem Soc Ethiop. 2003;17:61-6. 243. Fukuhara K, Shimizu K, Kubo I. Arudonine, an allelopathic steroidal glycoalkaloid from the root bark of Solanum arundo Mattei. Phytochemistry. 2004;65:1283-6. 244. Silva T, Camara CA, Freire KR, Silva TGd, Agra MdF, Bhattacharyya J. Steroidal glycoalkaloids and molluscicidal activity of Solanum asperum Rich. fruits. J Braz Chem Soc. 2008;19:1048-52. 245. Nakamura S, Hongo M, Sugimoto S, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Steroidal saponins and pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside from Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (fruit of Solanum lycocarpum). Phytochemistry. 2008;69:1565-72. 246. Sanchez-Mata MC, Yokoyama WE, Hong YJ, Prohens J. α-Solasonine and α-solamargine contents of gboma (Solanum macrocarpon L.) and scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum L.) eggplants. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58:5502-8. 247. Munafo JP Jr, Ramanathan A, Jimenez LS, Gianfagna TJ. Isolation and structural determination of steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.). J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58:8806-13. 248. Ding X, Zhu F, Yang Y, Li M. Purification, antitumor activity in vitro of steroidal glycoalkaloids from black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). Food Chem. 2013;141:1181-6. 249. Tai BH, Van Doan V, Yen PH, Nhiem NX, Cuc NT, Trang DT, Hang DTT, Dung DT, Yen DTH, Quang TH. Two new steroidal alkaloid saponins from the whole plants of Solanum nigrum. Nat Prod Commun. 2018;13:1457-60. 250. Gu XY, Shen XF, Wang L, Wu ZW, Li F, Chen B, Zhang GL, Wang MK. Bioactive steroidal alkaloids from the fruits of Solanum nigrum. Phytochemistry. 2018;147:125-31. 251. Xiang L, Wang Y, Yi X, He X. Steroidal alkaloid glycosides and phenolics from the immature fruits of Solanum nigrum. Fitoterapia. 2019;137:104268. 252. Cuervo AC, Blunden G, Patel AV. Chlorogenone and neochlorogenone from the unripe fruits of Solanum torvum. Phytochemistry. 1991;30:1339-41. 253. Vaz NP, Costa EV, Santos EL, Mikich SB, Marques FA, Braga RM, Delarmelina C, Duarte MCT, Ruiz ALTG, Souza VHS, de Carvalho JE, Maia BHLNS. Caavuranamide, a novel steroidal alkaloid from the ripe fruits of Solanum caavurana Vell. (Solanaceae). J Braz Chem Soc. 2012;23:361-6. 254. Rowan DD, Macdonald PE, Skipp RA. Antifungal stress metabolites from Solanum aviculare. Phytochemistry. 1983;22:2102-4. 255. Ji Y, Gao S, Ji C, Zou X. Induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells by solanine and Bcl-2 protein. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;115:194-202. 256. Shou QY, Tan Q, Shen ZW. Two 22S-solanidine-type steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria anhuiensis. Fitoterapia. 2010;81:81-4. 257. Zhang ZQ, Luo JG, Wang JS, Kong LY. Five new steroidal alkaloid glycosides from Solanum tuberosum. Helv Chim Acta. 2013;96:931-40. 258. Coelho RM, De Souza MC, Sarragiotto MH. Steroidal alkaloid glycosides from Solanum orbignianum. Phytochemistry. 1998;49:893-7. 259. Caruso I, Lepore L, De Tommasi N, Dal Piaz F, Frusciante L, Aversano R, Garramone R, Carputo D. Secondary metabolite profile in induced tetraploids of wild Solanum commersonii Dun. Chem Biodivers. 2011;8:2226-37. 260. Attoumbré J, Giordanengo P, Baltora-Rosset S. Solanidine isolation from Solanum tuberosum by centrifugal partition chromatography. J Sep Sci. 2013;36:2379-85. 261. Kaneko K, Tanaka M, Nakaoka U, Tanaka Y, Yoshida N, Mitsuhashi H. Camtschatcanidine, an alkaloid from Fritillaria camtschatcensis. Phytochemistry. 1981;20:327-9. 262. Kitajima J, Komori T, Kawasaki T, Schulten H. Basic steroid saponins from aerial parts of Fritillaria thunbergii. Phytochemistry. 1982;21:187-92. 263. Wang G, Rong MQ, Li Q, Liu YP, Long CB, Meng P, Yao HM, Lai R, Luo XD. Alkaloids from Veratrum taliense exert cardiovascular toxic effects via cardiac sodium channel subtype 1.5. Toxins. 2016;8:12. 264. Osman SF, Herb SF, Fitzpatrick TJ, Sinden SL. Commersonine, a new glycoalkaloid from two Solanum species. Phytochemistry. 1976;15:1065-7. 265. Tai HH, Worrall K, Pelletier Y, De Koeyer D, Calhoun LA. Comparative metabolite profiling of Solanum tuberosum against six wild Solanum species with Colorado potato beetle resistance. J Agric Food Chem. 2014;62:9043-55. 266. Kozukue N, Yoon KS, Byun GI, Misoo S, Levin CE, Friedman M. Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers of 59 accessions of two wild and five cultivated Solanum species. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56:11920-8. 267. Torres MCM, Jorge RJB, Ximenes RM, Alves NTQ, Santos JVdA, Marinho AD, Monteiro HS, Toyama MH, Braz-Filho R, Silveira ER. Solanidane and iminosolanidane alkaloids from Solanum campaniforme. Phytochemistry. 2013;96:457-64. 268. Liang GY, Sun NJ. Chemical studies on active principles of Veratrum stenophyllum. I. Structure of stenophylline B and identification of other components. Acta Pharm Sin. 1984;19:131-6. 269. Grančai D, Suchá V, Tomko J, Dolejš L. Veratrum alkaloids. 33. Rhamnoveracintine-a new glycoalkaloid from Veratrum-album ssp. Lobelianum (BERNH) Suessenguth. Chem Pap. 1986;40:835-8. 270. Ping L, Kitamura Y, Kaneko K, Shiro M, Xu GJ, Chen YP, Hsu HY. A steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria ebeiensis. Phytochemistry. 1992;31:2190-1. 271. Shakirov R, Kulkova VV, Nakhatov I. Alkaloids of Veratrum lobelianum verdinine and 3,15-DI-O-(2-methylbutyroyl)germine. Chem Nat Compd. 1995;31:79-82. 272. Kaneko K, Nakaoka U, Tanaka M, Yoshida N, Mitsuhashi H. Two steroidal alkaloids, hapepunine and anrakorinine, from the mature Fritillaria camtschatcensis. Phytochemistry. 1981;20:157-60. 273. Xu D, Wang S, Huang E, Xu M, Wen X. Structure of pingbeidinoside, an alkaloid isolated from the stems and leaves of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. Acta Pharm Sin. 1989;24:668-72. 274. Xu DM, Xu ML, Wang SQ, Hung EX, Wen XG, Arihara S, Shoji N. Two new steroidal alkaloids from Fritillaria ussuriensis. J Nat Prod. 1990;53:549-52. 275. Gaffield W, Wong RY, Lundin RE, Keeler RF. Structure of the steroidal alkaloid muldamine and its deacetyl derivative. Phytochemistry. 1982;21:2397-400. 276. Min ZD, Tan RX, Zheng QT, He CH. The structure and absolute configuration of vertaline B isolated from Veratrum taliense Lose. f. Acta Pharm Sin. 1988;23:584-7. 277. Mizuno M, Xiang RT, Pei Z, Da ZM, Iinuma M, Tanaka T. Two steroidal alkaloid glycosides from Veratrum taliense. Phytochemistry. 1990;29:359-61. 278. El Sayed KA, McChesney JD, Halim AF, Zaghloul AM, Voehler M. Two steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum viride. Phytochemistry. 1995;38:1547-50. 279. Kadota S, Chen SZ, Li JX, Xu GJ, Namba T. A steroidal alkaloid from Veratrum oblongum. Phytochemistry. 1995;38:777-81. 280. Taskhanova E, Shakirov R, Yunusov SY. Alkaloids of Zygadenus sibiricus. The structure of verazinine. Chem Nat Compd. 1985;21:343-4. 281. Christov V, Mikhova B, Selenge D. (-)-Veranigrine, a new steroidal alkaloid from Veratrum nigrum L. Fitoterapia. 2009;80:25-7. 282. Gao L, Chen F, Li X, Xu S, Huang W, Ye Y. Three new alkaloids from Veratrum grandiflorum Loes with inhibition activities on Hedgehog pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2016;26:4735-8. 283. Xu YJ, Xu DM, Cui DB, Gao JS. Isolation and identification of yibeinoside C from Fritillaria pallidiflora. Acta Pharm Sin. 1994;29:200-3. 284. Ori K, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Nikaido T, Ohmoto T. Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria persica. Phytochemistry. 1992;31:4337-41. 285. Foeldesiova V, Grancai D, Suchy V, Ubik K. Minor alkaloids of Veratrum Lobelianum Bernh. (Liliaceae). Farm Obz. 1995;64:193-193. 286. Colmenares AP, Alarcón L, Rojas LB, Mitaine-Offer A-C, Pouységu L, Quideau S, Paululat T, Usubillaga A, Lacaille-Dubois M-A. New steroidal alkaloids from Solanum hypomalacophyllum. Nat Prod Commun. 2010;5:1743-6. 287. Khan S, Fatima I, Hussain Kazmi M, Malik A. New secondary metabolites from Allium victorialis. Helv Chim Acta. 2013;96:1176-81. 288. Khan S, Fatima I, Kazmi MH, Malik A. A new steroidal alkaloid from Allium victorialis. Chem Nat Compd. 2015;51:1134-7. 289. Li D, Zhao YL, Qin XJ, Liu L, Yang XW, Chen YY, Wang B, Wei X, Liu YP, Luo XD. Spiralosides A-C, three new C27-steroidal glycoalkaloids from the fruits of Solanum spirale. Nat Prod Bioprospect. 2016;6:225-31. 290. Xie TZ, Luo L, Zhao YL, Li H, Xiang ML, Qin XJ, He YJ, Zhu YY, Dai Z, Wang ZJ. Steroidal alkaloids with a potent analgesic effect based on N-type calcium channel inhibition. Org Lett. 2022;24:467-71. 291. Lüddecke T, Schulz S, Steinfartz S, Vences M. A salamander's toxic arsenal:review of skin poison diversity and function in true salamanders, genus Salamandra. Sci Nat. 2018;105:1-16. 292. Schöpf C, Möller OW. Über Samandarin und verwandte alkaloide. VI. Cycloneosamandion, ein neues nebenalkaloid aus dem feuersalamander (Salamandra maculosa Laur) Liebigs. Ann Chem. 1960;633:127-56. 293. Schöpf C, Braun W. Über Samandarin, das Hauptalkaloid im Gift des Feuer-und Alpensalamanders. Liebigs Ann Chem. 1934;514:69-136. 294. Schöpf C, Koch K. Über Samandaron und Samandaridin, Nebenalkaloide im Gift des Feuer-und Alpensalamanders. Liebigs Ann Chem. 1942;552:37-61. 295. Habermehl G. O-Acetyl-samandarin im Gift von Salamandra Maculosa. Liebigs Ann Chem. 1964;679:164-7. 296. Knepper J, Lüddecke T, Preißler K, Vences M, Schulz S. Isolation and identification of alkaloids from poisons of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra). J Nat Prod. 2019;82:1319-24. 297. Habermehl G, Haaf G. Cycloneosamandaridin, ein neues Nebenalkaloid aus Salamandra maculosa. Chem Ber. 1965;98:3001-5. 298. Habermehl G. Die Konstitution des Samandenons. Chem Ber. 1966;99:1439-42. 299. Habermehl G, Vogel G. Samandinine, a minor alkaloid from Salamandra maculosa Laur. Toxicon. 1969;7:163-4. 300. Habermehl G, Haaf A. Über Samandarin und verwandte Alkaloide, XIX1) Konstitution und Synthese des Samanins. Liebigs Ann Chem. 1969;722:155-61. 301. Kurosu M, Kishi Y. Studies on the total synthesis of batrachotoxin. J Syn Org Chem Jpn. 2004;62:1205-17. 302. Albuquerque E, Daly J, Witkop B. Batrachotoxin:chemistry and pharmacology. Science. 1971;172:995-1002. 303. Dumbacher JP, Beehler BM, Spande TF, Garraffo HM, Daly JW. Homobatrachotoxin in the genus Pitohui:chemical defense in birds? Science. 1992;258:799-801. 304. Dumbacher JP, Spande T, Daly J. Batrachotoxin alkaloids from passerine birds:a second toxic bird genus (Ifrita kowaldi) from New Guinea. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2000;97:12970-5. 305. Aknin M, Rudi A, Kashman Y, Vacelet J, Gaydou EM. Plakinamine L:a new steroidal alkaloid from the marine sponge Corticium sp. Nat Prod Commun. 2010;5:33-4. 306. Borbone N, De Marino S, Iorizzi M, Zollo F, Debitus C, Esposito G, Iuvone T. Minor steroidal alkaloids from the marine sponge Corticium sp. J Nat Prod. 2002;65:1206-9. 307. Ridley CP, Faulkner DJ. New cytotoxic steroidal alkaloids from the Philippine Sponge Corticium niger. J Nat Prod. 2003;66:1536-9. 308. Rosser RM, Faulkner DJ. Two steroidal alkaloids from a marine sponge, Plakina sp. J Org Chem. 1984;49:5157-60. 309. Lee H-S, Seo Y, Rho J-R, Shin J, Paul VJ. New steroidal alkaloids from an undescribed sponge of the genus Corticium. J Nat Prod. 2001;64:1474-6. 310. Marino S, Iorizzi M, Zollo F, Roussakis C, Debitus C. Plakinamines C and D and three other new steroidal alkaloids from the sponge Corticium sp. Eur J Org Chem. 1999;3:697-701. 311. Sunassee SN, Ransom T, Henrich CJ, Beutler JA, Covell DG, McMahon JB, Gustafson KR. Steroidal alkaloids from the marine sponge Corticium niger that inhibit growth of human colon carcinoma cells. J Nat Prod. 2014;77:2475-80. 312. Lu Z, Koch M, Harper MK, Matainaho TK, Barrows LR, Van Wagoner RM, Ireland CM. Plakinamine M, a steroidal alkaloid from the marine sponge Corticium sp. J Nat Prod. 2013;76:2150-2. 313. Rodrigues Felix C, Roberts JC, Winder PL, Gupta R, Diaz MC, Pomponi SA, Wright AE, Rohde KH. Plakinamine P, a steroidal alkaloid with bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mar Drugs. 2019;17:707-16. 314. Indu S, Kaliappan KP. Synthetic approaches towards cortistatins:evolution and progress through its ages. Org Biomol Chem. 2020;18:3965-95. 315. Aoki S, Watanabe Y, Sanagawa M, Setiawan A, Kotoku N, Kobayashi M. Cortistatins A, B, C, and D, anti-angiogenic steroidal alkaloids, from the marine sponge Corticium simplex. J Am Chem Soc. 2006;128:3148-9.

[1]	Nabil Zakaria, Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed, Mostafa G. Ali. Phytochemical fingerprinting of phytotoxins as a cutting-edge approach for unveiling nature’s secrets in forensic science [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2025, 15(1): 1-1.
[2]	Prabhakar Semwal, Abdur Rauf, Ahmed Olatunde, Pooja Singh, Mohamed Y. Zaky, Md. Mozahidul Islam, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Abdullah S. M. Aljohani, Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Giovanni Ribaudo. The medicinal chemistry of Urtica dioica L.: from preliminary evidence to clinical studies supporting its neuroprotective activity [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2023, 13(3): 16-16.
[3]	Si, Jia Xiao, Xi, Ke Xu, Wei Chen, Jia, Yun Xin, Wen, Lin Yuan, Xian, Peng Zu, and Yun, Heng Shen. Traditional Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus: botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and quality control [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2023, 13(1): 6-6.
[4]	Yue Zhao, Wen-Ke Gao, Xiang-Dong Wang, Li-Hua Zhang, Hai-Yang Yu, Hong-Hua Wu. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Solanum lyratum: a review [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2022, 12(6): 39-39.
[5]	Ke Ye, Hong-Lian Ai, Ji-Kai Liu. Identification and Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ethnomedicinal Plants of Tujia in Hubei Province: A Review [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2021, 11(2): 185-205.
[6]	Yi Chen, Song-Wei Li, Fang-Zhou Yin, Min Yang, Xia-Juan Huan, Ze-Hong Miao, Xiao-Ming Wang, Yue-Wei Guo. Lagerindicine, a New Pyrrole Alkaloid Isolated from the Flowers of Lagerstroemia indica Linnaeus [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2021, 11(1): 73-79.
[7]	Yanan Wang, Min Zhang, Xue Zhou, Chengbo Xu, Chenggen Zhu, Yuhe Yuan, Naihong Chen, Yongchun Yang, Qinglan Guo, Jiangong Shi. Insight into Medicinal Chemistry Behind Traditional Chinese Medicines: p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol-Derived Dimers and Trimers from Gastrodia elata [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2021, 11(1): 31-50.
[8]	Yuan Huang, Fanglin Xue, Hengmao Liu, Fei Xue, Xiao-Yu Liu, Hao Song, Yong Qin. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-21-epi-Eburnamonine Via a Photocatalytic Radical Cascade Reaction [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2021, 11(1): 99-103.
[9]	Lin Wang, Junke Song, Ailin Liu, Bin Xiao, Sha Li, Zhang Wen, Yang Lu, Guanhua Du. Research Progress of the Antiviral Bioactivities of Natural Flavonoids [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2020, 10(5): 271-283.
[10]	Xiao-Rui Zhang, Joseph Sakah Kaunda, Hong-Tao Zhu, Dong Wang, Chong-Ren Yang, Ying-Jun Zhang. The Genus Terminalia (Combretaceae): An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2019, 9(6): 357-392.
[11]	Hai-Li Yu, Qin Long, Wen-Fang Yi, Bao-Jia Yang, Yu Song, Xiao Ding, Shun-Lin Li, Xiao-Jiang Hao. Two New C21 Steroidal Glycosides from the Roots of Cynanchum paniculatum [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2019, 9(3): 209-214.
[12]	Joseph Sakah Kaunda, Ying-Jun Zhang. The Genus Solanum: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Biological Properties Review [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2019, 9(2): 77-137.
[13]	Xu-Jie Qin, Wei Ni, Chang-Xiang Chen, Hai-Yang Liu. Untiring Researches for Alternative Resources of Rhizoma Paridis [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2018, 8(4): 265-278.
[14]	Yi-Jun Qiao, Jia-Huan Shang, Dong Wang, Hong-Tao Zhu, Chong-Ren Yang, Ying-Jun Zhang. Research of Panax spp. in Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2018, 8(4): 245-263.
[15]	Yue-mao Shen, Duo-zhi Chen. An Explorer of Chemical Biology of Plant Natural Products in Southwest China, Xiaojiang Hao [J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2018, 8(4): 217-226.

Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments