Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba: mechanistic insights into anticancer efficacy

doi:10.1007/s13659-025-00535-6

Natural Products and Bioprospecting ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 50-50.DOI: 10.1007/s13659-025-00535-6

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Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba: mechanistic insights into anticancer efficacy

Bei Xiong¹, Jin-Jian Lu^1,2,3, Hongwei Guo⁴, Mingqing Huang⁵, Ting Li^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China;
2. MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China;
3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China;
4. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China;
5. College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China

Received:2025-06-04 Online:2025-11-06
Contact: Jin-Jian Lu,E-mail:jinjianlu@um.edu.mo;Mingqing Huang,E-mail:hmq1115@126.com;Ting Li,E-mail:tingli@um.edu.mo
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR (File No. 0015-2022-A1 and 005/2023/SKL) and University of Macau (File No. MYRG-GRG2024-00113-ICMS-UMDF) awarded to Jin-Jian Lu. Additionally, this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (File No. 82403357) awarded to Ting Li.

Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba: mechanistic insights into anticancer efficacy

Bei Xiong¹, Jin-Jian Lu^1,2,3, Hongwei Guo⁴, Mingqing Huang⁵, Ting Li^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China;
2. MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China;
3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China;
4. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China;
5. College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China

通讯作者: Jin-Jian Lu,E-mail:jinjianlu@um.edu.mo;Mingqing Huang,E-mail:hmq1115@126.com;Ting Li,E-mail:tingli@um.edu.mo
基金资助:
This study was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR (File No. 0015-2022-A1 and 005/2023/SKL) and University of Macau (File No. MYRG-GRG2024-00113-ICMS-UMDF) awarded to Jin-Jian Lu. Additionally, this work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (File No. 82403357) awarded to Ting Li.

Abstract

Abstract: The extraction of anticancer agents from medicinal plants represents a highly promising research frontier. Ginkgetin, a natural biflavone, is one of the effective pharmacological components of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs). This natural product exhibits significant anti-cancer efficacy against a variety of cancer cells in vitro and demonstrates a potent inhibitory impact on tumor growth in vivo without severe toxicity. Additionally, ginkgetin synergizes with chemotherapy drugs or adjuvant therapies to potentiate antitumor effects and reduce side effects. These compelling findings underscore Ginkgetin's potential as a promising candidate for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the remarkable anticancer effects of ginkgetin and elucidates its multifaceted anticancer mechanisms, including inducing cell cycle arrest, triggering programmed cell death, and preventing invasion and angiogenesis. From a molecular mechanism perspective, ginkgetin exerts anti-cancer activity by modulating critical signaling pathways (e.g. JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT/GSK-3β, MAPKs, and estrogen receptor pathways) and regulating microRNA expression levels. Furthermore, target identification, research limitations, future directions, and application prospects are comprehensively outlined, aiming to facilitate the clinical translation of ginkgetin.

Key words: Ginkgetin, Ginkgo biloba, Biflavones, Natural product, Anti-cancer, Mechanism

摘要： The extraction of anticancer agents from medicinal plants represents a highly promising research frontier. Ginkgetin, a natural biflavone, is one of the effective pharmacological components of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs). This natural product exhibits significant anti-cancer efficacy against a variety of cancer cells in vitro and demonstrates a potent inhibitory impact on tumor growth in vivo without severe toxicity. Additionally, ginkgetin synergizes with chemotherapy drugs or adjuvant therapies to potentiate antitumor effects and reduce side effects. These compelling findings underscore Ginkgetin's potential as a promising candidate for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the remarkable anticancer effects of ginkgetin and elucidates its multifaceted anticancer mechanisms, including inducing cell cycle arrest, triggering programmed cell death, and preventing invasion and angiogenesis. From a molecular mechanism perspective, ginkgetin exerts anti-cancer activity by modulating critical signaling pathways (e.g. JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT/GSK-3β, MAPKs, and estrogen receptor pathways) and regulating microRNA expression levels. Furthermore, target identification, research limitations, future directions, and application prospects are comprehensively outlined, aiming to facilitate the clinical translation of ginkgetin.

关键词: Ginkgetin, Ginkgo biloba, Biflavones, Natural product, Anti-cancer, Mechanism

Bei Xiong, Jin-Jian Lu, Hongwei Guo, Mingqing Huang, Ting Li. Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba: mechanistic insights into anticancer efficacy[J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2025, 15(5): 50-50.

Bei Xiong, Jin-Jian Lu, Hongwei Guo, Mingqing Huang, Ting Li. Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba: mechanistic insights into anticancer efficacy[J]. 应用天然产物, 2025, 15(5): 50-50.

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Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba: mechanistic insights into anticancer efficacy

Ginkgetin from Ginkgo biloba: mechanistic insights into anticancer efficacy

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