Pyrimidine-containing natural products: occurrences and biological activities

doi:10.1007/s13659-025-00583-y

Natural Products and Bioprospecting ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 32-32.DOI: 10.1007/s13659-025-00583-y

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Pyrimidine-containing natural products: occurrences and biological activities

Jian-Neng Yao^1,2, Yongjie Zhu¹, He-Ping Chen³, Yihua Chen^1,2

1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China;
2. Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China;
3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2025-09-26 Online:2026-06-24
Contact: He-Ping Chen,E-mail:chenhp@mail.scuec.edu.cn;Yihua Chen,E-mail:chenyihua@kmmu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 82504612, 82473762), Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (grant NO. 202301AU070135), Yunnan Fundamental Research Kunming Medical University Projects (grant NO. 202501AY070001-146) and the Open Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products (grant NO. YKLPNP-Y2303).

Pyrimidine-containing natural products: occurrences and biological activities

Jian-Neng Yao^1,2, Yongjie Zhu¹, He-Ping Chen³, Yihua Chen^1,2

1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China;
2. Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China;
3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China

通讯作者: He-Ping Chen,E-mail:chenhp@mail.scuec.edu.cn;Yihua Chen,E-mail:chenyihua@kmmu.edu.cn
基金资助:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 82504612, 82473762), Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (grant NO. 202301AU070135), Yunnan Fundamental Research Kunming Medical University Projects (grant NO. 202501AY070001-146) and the Open Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products (grant NO. YKLPNP-Y2303).

Abstract

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing core structure pyrimidine has long been regarded as one of the privileged scaffolds for novel drug development. Natural products embedded with pyrimidine motifs are distinguished by their exceptional scaffold diversity and vast structural complexity, which endow them with versatile biological activities, including anticancer, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. This review is dedicated to surveying a series of structurally distinctive naturally occurring compounds characterized by the presence of an aromatic heterocyclic pyrimidine moiety covering from 2004 to early 2025. Multiple key aspects of these 156 pyrimidine-containing compounds, including natural sources, features of chemical structure, biological activities, as well as biosynthetic studies are summarized. The review emphasizes the enduring potential of natural products, highlighting their inherent capacity for medication and optimization to fuel the pipeline of lead compound targeting major disease and providing new window for overview of these pyrimidine-containing natural products. Overall, this review aims to unlocking the potential of these isolates. It thus offers a fresh reference for the exploitation of pyrimidine-containing natural products, with the ultimate goal of realizing their therapeutic potential.

Key words: Pyrimidine, Pyrimidine-containing natural products, Biological activities, Occurrences, Isolation and identification

摘要： Nitrogen-containing core structure pyrimidine has long been regarded as one of the privileged scaffolds for novel drug development. Natural products embedded with pyrimidine motifs are distinguished by their exceptional scaffold diversity and vast structural complexity, which endow them with versatile biological activities, including anticancer, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. This review is dedicated to surveying a series of structurally distinctive naturally occurring compounds characterized by the presence of an aromatic heterocyclic pyrimidine moiety covering from 2004 to early 2025. Multiple key aspects of these 156 pyrimidine-containing compounds, including natural sources, features of chemical structure, biological activities, as well as biosynthetic studies are summarized. The review emphasizes the enduring potential of natural products, highlighting their inherent capacity for medication and optimization to fuel the pipeline of lead compound targeting major disease and providing new window for overview of these pyrimidine-containing natural products. Overall, this review aims to unlocking the potential of these isolates. It thus offers a fresh reference for the exploitation of pyrimidine-containing natural products, with the ultimate goal of realizing their therapeutic potential.

关键词: Pyrimidine, Pyrimidine-containing natural products, Biological activities, Occurrences, Isolation and identification

Jian-Neng Yao, Yongjie Zhu, He-Ping Chen, Yihua Chen. Pyrimidine-containing natural products: occurrences and biological activities[J]. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 2026, 16(3): 32-32.

Jian-Neng Yao, Yongjie Zhu, He-Ping Chen, Yihua Chen. Pyrimidine-containing natural products: occurrences and biological activities[J]. 应用天然产物, 2026, 16(3): 32-32.

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Pyrimidine-containing natural products: occurrences and biological activities

Pyrimidine-containing natural products: occurrences and biological activities

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