Integrative Biology Journals

Plant Diversity ›› 2000, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (02): 1-3.

• Articles •    

Species Diversity of Genus Amanita(Basidiomycetes) in China

YANG Zhu-Liang   

  1. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204
  • Online:2000-04-25 Published:2000-04-25

中国鹅膏菌属(担子菌)的物种多样性

杨祝良                

  1. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所

Abstract: The subcosmopolitan genus Amanita consists of nearly 500 species decribed and accepted worldwide. In the literature about 100 taxa og the genus were reported in China.However,many of them were originally described in Europe or in North America. Recent studies have indicated that Amanitae in East Asia are unique and have their own geopraphical ranges.ALthough some species foud in East Asia are similar to those occurring in Europe,or in North America,careful observations in the field,detailed morphological,anatomical study an dmolecular analysis show that the mushrooms in East Asia are distinct taxa.

Key words: Fungi, Basidiomycetes, Amanita, Taxonomy, Species diversity, Biogeography, China

摘要: 鹅膏菌属(Amanita)是一个近世界性广布的大属,全球已被描述而又被承认的有近500种。在文献中,我国此属已记载约100种。然而,许多种都是原初描述于欧洲或北美的种类。近来的研究表明,东亚的鹅膏菌独特且有其自身的分布范围。东亚的有些种虽与产于欧洲或北美的某些种相似,但仔细的野外观察、详尽的形态解剖学和分子进化生物学研究结果表明,东亚的鹅膏菌是独立的分类群。在欧洲,人们有采集著名食菌恺撒鹅膏菌的习惯;在东亚,人们采食的“恺撒鹅膏菌”实为红黄鹅膏菌及其近缘种。在欧洲,有剧毒的毒鹅膏菌、鳞柄毒鹅膏菌和春生毒鹅膏菌,而在东亚,每年夏秋出现的烟色毒鹅膏菌、黄盖毒鹅膏菌及其白色变种等,常引起严重的中毒事故,甚至导致人员死亡。在鹅膏菌属中,泛北极、欧亚或东亚-北美广布的种并不多见。东亚-北美鹅膏菌的生物地理联系通过地理替代种比通过相同分类群更能明确反映出来。该属目前下分为2亚属7组,每组在中国皆有多种代表。大多数鹅膏菌与乔灌木形成专性菌根关系,但在我国西南高海拔山区草地上出现的几种鹅膏菌可能并不形成菌根。此外,在我国不少鹅膏菌尚未研究和命名。因此,有理由认为中国的鹅膏菌是十分多样的。

关键词: 真菌, 担子菌, 鹅膏菌, 分类, 物种多样性, 生物地理学, 中国