Abstract: As compared with others, keystone species have more farreaching influence to their ecosystems. In accordance with field survey and study of the author, keystone species perhaps can be divided into two types: the first one has an important active role for their ecosystems, it is nor-mally called keystone species, while they are threatened or disappeared, diversial species their sur-vival depended upon them will be threatened or disappeared from the ecosystems as well; the sec-ond one is in contrast with vast potential functional negative influence to the ecosystems, it may be called as "potential keystone species^, while they are developed, diversial species will lose their habits and disappear from the original ecosystems. It is obviously that the two kinds of keystone species need different strategy to manage for biodiversity conservation: protecting for the former and controlling for the later.

Key words: Ecosystem

摘要： 与其他物种相比，关键种(Keystone species)在其生态系统中具有更深刻的影响。根据野外考察和研究，笔者认为关键种应分为两类：一类对生态系统具有积极的、重要的作用，也就是一般所称的“关键种”，一旦它们受到严重干扰，很多依赖它们而生存的物种也将受到严重威胁或即将消失。另一类则相反，具有潜在的消极作用，可称为“潜关键种”(Potential keystone species)，一旦它们获得发展的条件，它们将使原来生态系统中的大部分物种消失。因而，在生物多样性保护上，对它们应有不同的管理对策：既要重视前者的保护，又要重视后者的控制。

关键词: 生态系统, 关键种, 潜关键种, 保护与控制