New species from Yunnan Province was reported.

A new forma of Populus Linn. from northeast China is given, i. e.Populus davidiana Dode f. foliotardus X. S. Zhang et H. Y. Jiang

This paper is continued 4 species of the Acrochaetiaceae new to China i.e.(1) Audouinella howei;(2) A. humilis;(3) A. macula; (4) A.tenuissima.

According below reasons:1. difference of bamboo name; 2. difference of habitat; 3. differ of morphology characteristic. Auctor consider three bamboo should be separated, and so on Lingnania fimbriligulata McClure; Lingnania remotiflora (O Kuntze) McClure; Lingnania longianthera G.A. Fu.

The four endemic genera-Synstemon, Tetraena, Stilpnolepis, Zollikoferia of West-North Desert Region of China are confirmed in the paper. The distributional center of the four endemic genera of West-North Desert Region of China is in Alashan.

Xiaotianchi of Lincheng Country, located at 37°30'N, 114°08'E, in the middle area of Taihang Mountains. The preliminary results show that there are 156 species of mosses, including 11 varieties and 1 form and 1 subspecies, blonging to 27 families and 71 genera known from Xiaotianchi. The number of the families consisting of more than 10 species is 6 and the number of the genera consisting of more than 5 species is 6. The families consisting are Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, Hypnaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Amblystegiaceae and Mniaceae. The genera consisting are Bryum, Brachythecium, Entodon, Hypnum, Barbula and Drepanocladus.The bryoflora in Xiaotianchi of Lincheng Country falls into 9 geographical elements. North temperate element made up the majority, approximating to 59.44% of the entirely known bryoflora in Xiaotianchi, and next comes East Asian element, accounting for 15.39%. All temperate elements, not including 11 Endemic to China and 13 Cosmopolitans, add up to 130 species, which take 83.33% of all the entirely known bryoflora in Xiaotianchi. However, there are only 2 Pantropical elements. To all appearances, the mossflora of Xiaotianchi is provided with obvious temperate characters.

There are 1415 species (including infraspecific taxon) of the seed plants belonging to 101families and 493 genera (exclude cultivated plants) in Ningxia municpality. Among them, there are 11 species belonging to 11 genera and 3 families are of gymnosperm and 1404 species belonging to 486 genera and 98 families are of angiosperm. In addition, there are 12 Chinese endemic genera and 21 Ningxia endemic species. Based on the analysis of compositions and the geographical elements and characteristics of the flora, the paper has discussed the major characteristics of the flora as follows:Species are comparatively poor; the geographical elements of the flora are comparatively complex, and the genera of temperate are the dominant areal types, among them, north temperate play the part of an important role in the flora; the flora is ancient origin, but has also younger elements; the flora has widely relate to other area, and the flora is the crisscrossing and assembling of diversified geographical elements, or the crisscrossing and assembling, mixing and transition of North China, Neimenggu and Tanggute three floristic elements; the Ningxia endemic taxa and rare and endangered seed plants are comparatively low.

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng from Beijing, Shanghai and Liaocheng (Shandong Province) were studied. Epidermal cells are identical between upper and lower surface of leaves. Epidermal cell walls are straight-vavy-straight from tip to base of leaves, but area possessing straight cell walls is account to very small part compare with the whole epidermis. Stomata amounts and distributions are obviously different between upper and lower surface of leaves. Stomata distributed in both lower and upper surface on some leaves. In upper surface of leaves, only 1~100 stomata locate on tip or base and stomata area account very small part compare with whole upper surface of leaves. Sometimes, no any stoma locates on upper surface. Stomata amounts and distribution are nearly invariable on lower surface of all obtained leaves, stomata arranged to 3~8 rows and located on each side of mid-vein from tip to base of lower epidermis. Relationships were not found among diversity of stomatal distribution in upper surface of leaves, leaves from different location and from different sites of the one tree in M. glyptostroboides. Epidermal structures of M. glyptostroboides will offer reference of epidermal structures in distinguishing fossil specimen of Taxodiaceae and provide stomatal frequency and index for analyzing CO₂ consistence of atmosphere.

Observing vacuoles isolated and purified from tabacco leaves under optic and electronic microscopes, we obtained photographs of protoplasts, process of vacuoles released from protoplasts and vacuoles after purification. The results show that the method we used could obtain complete protoplasts and vacuoles, and the central vacuole is the largest organelle in one mature plant cell.

The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 15 species and 1 variety of the genus Hylotelephium from China. The pollen grains were all examined under scanning electron microscope.Pollen grains of the genus are subspheroidal or prolate, 15.2(11.8~24.5)×11.0(7.9~15.5) μm in size, 3-colpate. The exine is striato-reticulate.

In present paper, the morphology and development of the archegonium and antheridium of the fern Osmunda cinnamomea L.var. asiatica Fernald was observed by means of Scanning Electron microscope(SEM) and resin section. The archegonium formed in the undersurface of the female gametophyte consists of 4 row wall cells and 6~7 cells high in the neck. The inner of the archegonium includes the neck canal cell, the venter canal cell and the egg. The amyloplast and vesicle in the egg are prominent in all stages. The egg forms egg membrane and separate cavity when it matures. The antheridium formed on the margin and the lower surface of the male gametophyte consists of 7~8 wall cell. The inner of the antheridium is spermatogenouse tissue. As the spermatid mature the cap cell dehisces and the spermatozoids are discharged through the cap cell.

The development of female flower of Betula platyhylla and the processes of maturity of female organ should be undergoing approximately one month. Anatomic observation suggests as follows. In late April, primitive pistil began to undergo cell division and cell differentiation after dormancy. Ovary and stigma was growing at that time. Floral bloom and pollination happened respectively in the end of April and the beginning of May. After that and nucellus tissue ovules grew and differentiated integument from ovule in the middle May. Betula platyhylla has single integument, crassinucellate ovules which were anatropous. In the late of May, megasporocyte came into being and turn into embryo sac that has seven cells and eight nucleus in a week or so. Fertilization process finished in the end of May. Betula platyhylla embryo became mature after the process of zygote, proembryo, globular embryo, heart stage embryo and torpedo stage embryo. Meanwhile fertilized polar nucleus went into mitosis in Nuclear type. Endosperm increased and grew walls until heart stage embryo formed.

A highly efficient regeneration system of Allium mongolicum Regel was established from leaf base segments via tissue culture. MS medium supplemented with 2 mgL^-1 2, 4-D and 0.2 mgL^-1 KT was suitable for callus induction. The shoots differentiated on MS medium added with 2 mgL^-1 6BA and 0.4 mgL^-1 NAA. The half strength MS medium containing 1 mgL^-1 IBA was more effective for the inducing roots. The regenerated plantlets were transplanted to the soil, and over 95% of them were survival. At the second year after transplanting, the plantlets flowered and set seeds.

Cistanche deserticola is belonged to Cistanche Hoffing. et Link that belongs to Orobanchaceae is regarded as Chinese Medicine. It's a kind of tonic and respected to "Ginseng in desert". Now we study it by comparative morphoaanatory to identify its mutation of nutrition organ and reproduce organ. We know several types of Cistanche deserticola Ma that come from different types.

The effect of light and temperature on seed germination of Lilium callosum was studied in the paper. The results showed that temperature in the dark environment had influence to seed germination of Lilium callosum which had been cultivated for 4 years and its optimum temperature to seed germination was 25℃. Germination began 4~5 days and ceased 1~2 weeks after the initiation of the experiment. The percentage of seeds germination was decreased with increase of decrease of temperature. But the exception was 5℃ when the rate of the seed germination had been greatly improved and seed couldn't germinated at 35℃. Seed germination of different fruit in the same infructescence varied with the fruit's location in the infructescence. Seed germination of the lowest fruit is superior to the middle fruits, then the upset. The result also revealed that seed germination was also influenced by the seed location in the fruit, in which seed in the middle was superior to the lowest and then the upset. Seed germination had positive correlation to the weight of a thousand seeds. Under the same experiment environment, seed germination of wild Lilium callosum kept up with that of cultivated Lilium callosum while the germination duration was also longer than cultivated Lilium callosum for about 14 days. At last, seed germination of Lilium callosum which had been stored indoor for 1 year didn't decrease.

Several surveys were carried out under Pinus yunnanensis Franch forest in Central Yunnan; the total collections are over 130. 33 species, belonging to 19 genera, 13 families were selected to supply a diversity of pure cultures. 4 types of media were selected for the pure culture study of ectomycorrhizal fungi. As a result, pure cultures of 25 species, 17 genera, and 11 families were obtained. The total isolation success rate reached 75.8%; the success rate of 4 media (No.1, No2, No.3, No.4) was 36.4%, 63.6%, 33.3% and 57.6% respectively. Modified PDA medium (No.2) and pine needles medium (No.4) are more suitable for the isolation, purification and maintenance of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with P. yunnanensis.

A fungus Aspergillus niger strain isolated from the inner bark of Taxus chinensis and its hydrolyzed product polysaccharides were used to treat Taxus chinensis leaves. Both treatments decreased the dry weight and chlorophyll content of the leaves meanwhile increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the control, and fungi led to more distinguishable outcome than polysaccharides did, indicating that both fungus and fungal polysaccharides destroyed leaves while the latter had less damaging effects. Furthermore, Polysaccharides could notably increase content of protein and phenolics, evoke activity of peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, whereas the fungus had the contrary effects. Thus, it demonstrated that polysaccharides have inducing effects on defense reaction of Taxus chinensis while the fungus strain itself does not.

Malaria is a kind of serious pandemic which is caused by plasmodia through mosquito's sting and bite. At present, drugs of curing malaria are:chloroquine, ethylamine pyrimidine et al, but the most serious question is anti-drug character of plasmodia on those drugs, particular to chloroquine. Furthermore, the anti-chloroquine plasmodia strain have cross-anti character in clinical. Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. has evidently anti-malaria activity and become the best drug in clinical. At present, the key question is that how to acquire artemisinin. For this reason we utilize self-immobilized aggregate culture of Artemisia annua L. to produce Artemisinin, and primarily studied character of self-immobilized culture of Artemisia annua L. cell. Through determining, it find that this method can acquire 9-times quantity artemisinin more than normal method. Therefore this method may be possible became the best method of artemisinin produce.

Effects of temperature and pH on activity of POD of endemic Spirulina platensis(S₁) from alkaline lake in Mo Us Sandy Land, imported S. platensis (S₂) and S. maxima (S₃) were investigated by means of guaiacol colorimetry. The results showed that the activity of POD of S₁, S₂ and S₃ are respectively 480 U/g. FW、447 U/g. FW和408 U/g. FW (25℃ and pH 6);Optimum temperature are 30℃、40℃和40℃;Their optimum pH are 6.0 in common. The adaptability range of POD of S₁ to pH is wide, and higher than that of the imported one under both low and high temperature and both strong acid and base.

The effects of culture environment on callus growth and content of dl-tetrahydro-palmatine (THP) in the cultures from stem tubers of Corydalis remota were discussed. The results showed that 2, 4-D was better for growth of callus cells than NAA. The dry weight of the callus and level of THP were promoted when 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1 mg/L BA were added to the medium. Sucrose increased the fresh weight of callus, and the combination of sucrose and galactose promoted the increase of callus dry weight and raise of THP level, significantly. Either casein hydrolysate (CH) or lactolbumin hydrolysate (LH) was favored to the growth of callus and raise of THP level, and there was highest level of THP in the group treated with 450 mg/L LH. Light enhanced the growth of callus and raise the level of THP.

The Chemical constituents of essential oil of Prunus padus Linn were analyzed by GC and GC/MS.three peaks were separated by GC and three compounds were indantified.The majoy chemical constituent is benzaldehyde(88.4%).

Some detective methods of proteins through two-dimensional electrophoresis are discussed in this paper. We compare two silver stain methods (diamine and non-dianime silver stain) used in our lab before. And the diamine silver stain method improved by us has the following strengthens:(1) the background is clearer;(2) sensitivity is stronger largely, and the minimal quantity detected is up to 10fg, which can separate the proteins expressed very little and detect clearly the proteins that other methods cannot detect.

The forest area in Heilongjiang Province is 1, 5771 million hm², and is 36.8% of the total area of Heilongjiang Province, and 12.5% of the total forest area of China. There is rich medicinal plant resource in the forest. The investigation showed that the number of medicinal plant species is 724, belonging to 110 families, 410 genus, and of the commodity medicinal plant species is 352, belonging to 91 families and 250 genus. The medicinal plant resource is divided into two regions based on endemic segregation regular pattern in the forest region of the province. At present the medicinal plant resource reduced seriously because of over digging and over grazing and the environmental degradation in the forest. Now the number of indangered species of medicinal plant is 8, and 19 species is nearly danger. In order to protect medicinal plant resource 11national and 21 provincial conservation districts were set. At the same time, the plantations of medicinal plants, such as Panax ginseng, Getiana scabra, Astragalus membranaceus, Panax quinquefolium, Acanthopanax senticosus, Schisandra chinensis and so on were built. The development strategies about medicinal plants in Heilongjiang Province is to protect the rare and imminent species, to breed them with advanced bio-techniques, to improve the pharmaceutical technology, and to exploit high-quality products from medicinal plants.

The author invested and studied on Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wrigh about its resources amount stories and geological distribution in China in order to protect this species for it is dangerous. Distribution region which includes two parts is defined by author. Not only the distribution area figure is given but also resources stories in the first distribution area is exactly estimated. The conclusions are:on the whole, an average amount is 44.053 g/m², There could be 7.147g error in such an evaluation, relative error is 0.162, this estimate precision is 0.838, reliable is 0.95.

Potaninia mongolica Maxim is one of ancient and survivor species, belonging to single-species Potaninia genus of Rosace family. It has been classified as the national secondary protection species in 1980's. For a long time past, because of nature environment worsen and man-made damage, its distributive zone that is very narrow and small becomes smaller day by day, the number of the species reduce rapidly and its endangered degree becomes more serious. For this, it is very important to study on biological and ecological characteristics of Potaninia mongolica Maxim. By analyzing and summarizing materials investigated and researched for several years, the biological and ecological characteristics of Potaninia mongolica Maxim were researched on its morphological characteristics, community quantitative characteristics, ecological adaptability and propagation characteristics. Under good condition, the variety of modality is large. In all of ecological factors, Potaninia mongolica Maxim is most susceptibility and dependence to soil moisture, strict to the soil texture, not strict to the soil organic and nutrient, has special requirement for the soil salt content and pH. So Potaninia mongolica Maxim endures infertility, endures high temperature and cold, adapts to drought, and likes partial alkaline environment. It adapts to drought by stopping growth, so it is a kind of typical drought-avoidance plant. Potaninia mongolica Maxim has three breeding ways that are the seedling propagation, the splitting-root propagation and the germinated propagation of burial branch. All of them are difficult to reproduce, which is the major reason that Potaninia mongolica Maxim is a rare species.

The characteristics of the vegetation landscapes in the core area in the Natural Reserve of Pangquangou were analyzed by the acreage, the perimeters, the lengths and the breadths, which were obtained from the map of the vegetation landscape types, of the landscape patches. The results show that the distribution of the landscapes and the patches are obvious belt-quality. The diversity and the evenness of the landscape are low. In addition, four indexes, which are the rate of the length and the breadth, the elongation, the circularity, the rate of the perimeter and the length, were tried to analyze the characteristics of the patches. The results show that the four indexes are definite ecological meaning in the analysis of the landscape characteristics.

This paper applies GIS technology's powerful function of information management and spatial data disposal or analysis, adopts incompact coupling GIS modeling method, and propers region-landscape ecological system as target, makes quantitative and locational research to discuss and reveal the relationship between landscape pattern, landscape ecology procession and influence of human activities as well.

Studies on the progress of sex identification between female and male plants at home and abroad in the past fifty years are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of every method are also discussed. In the meanwhile, making mention of the prospects.

A new species of the genus Manglietia Blume (Magnoliaceae), M. hongheensis Y. M. Shui et W. H. Chen, from SE Yunnan in China is described.

Podocarpium lancangense Y. Y. Qian, sp. nov. is reported.

A new specie of Erigeron breviscapus and a new forma of Roscoea tibetica is repoted.

Two species of genus Scapania (Hepaticae, Scapaniaceae) new to China found from Si-chuan Province are reported. They are Scapania cuspiduligera(Nees) K. Muell. And S. glaucocephala(Tayl.) Aust.

Three species of Myriactula new to Chian, M. arabica (Kuetzing) Feldmann, M. clavata (Takamatsu) Feldmann and M. sargassi (Yendo) Feldmann were reported.

A new variety of Impatiens was described.

A new record form Tritomaria quinquuedentata f. gracilis (Jens.) Schust. from China is reported, and the taxonomic situation of the genus Tritomaria is also discussed.

Two new synonyms, Chesniella mongolica (Maxim.) P. C. Li (1993) and Tadehagi pseud-otriguetrum (DC.) Yang & Huang (May, 1995), are proposed in this paper, which should be rejected and replaced by Chesniella mongolica (Maxim.) Boriss (1964) and Tadehagi pseudotriguetrum (DG.) H. Ohashi (April, 1995) respectively.

A new species-Elachanthemum polycephalum Z. Y. Zhu et C. Z. Liang, -is de-scribed in detail and the problem of the classification position of Elachanthemum is discussed by mor-phological characteristics, ecological properties, geographical distribution, and flora origin. Morpho-logically, although Elachanthemum is similar to Stilpnolepis, there are obvious differences on the mor-ph and structure of flowers, achenes and pollen grains between two genera. Therefore, the Elachanthemum is an independent genus and can not be merged into Stilpnolepis. The genus is a primitive genus in the category of Artemisia, and it, perhaps, come from the Pro-Artemisia that distributed in the northem part of Asia in tertiary. It is a relict xerophytic element in the eastern part of Tethys, and is an endemic genus in the desert of Asia Media (Gobi desert). The discovery of the new species in Elachanthemum manifest that the species differentiation are stili progressing in desert flora, and make the Elachanthemum from a monospecific genus to olig-specific one (2 species).

The gametophytes developments of 21 fems are researched. They are Angiopteris fokiensis, Osmunda vachellii, Osmunda banksiifolia, Alsophila denticulate, Pteris excelsa, Pteris vittata, Asplenium wrightii, Blechnum orientale, etc. It suggests these:(1) The cluster analysis with UPGMA on the gametophytes characters of 21 fems indicates that the ferns which have close genetic relationship in QIN Ren-Chang classify system(1978) are resemble in gametophytes characters, But there are some exception cases. (2)The gametophytes development of different species has many similar features, but there are many different features, too. (3)Some characters of gametophytes are stable, which can be used as classify evidence.

Artificial culture of unicell spore of Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv is performed successfully in this paper, and the authors research the whole process of that and take the photoes. through the research, we find that its spores have no post-maturation or domant period. They can germinate after 3-4 days and the rate of germination is over 95%. About 10 days later, its chlorone-mata, caulonemata and rhizoides begin to differentiate, almost on the 40th day bud primordium ap-pears, and then, around the 50th day, bud forms gradually. At last, nearly the 80th day, the whole plant finishes its vegetive growth and starts development of sexual organs. Its primary rhizoides devel-op poorly, and basai celis have no division, the way of chloronema's generating caulonema is complex and caulonema cell has three kinds of diastemas; spherical, declinate and transuerse, at the beginning of the differentiation of bud primordium, caulonema generates cell population that have high photosyn-thetic capacity, and bud primordium on its base. The rate of successful differentiation of the bud primordium is about only 50%, once bud forms, protonemata always perishes and specializes in rhizoides. The research discussed the morpha development, phyoiological ecology, generation, evolution and so on.

The stem structure, leaf epidermis structure and the pollen morphology of a traditional orien-tal medical herb Orostachys fimbriatus (Crassulaceae) were examined in detail under light microscope and scanning electron microscope and compared with those of Sedum of the same family. According to our anatomical studies, the stems of Orostachys fimbriatus and Sedum spp. consisted of epidermis, cortex and primary vascular tissue. They differed mainly in the size of parenchyma cells, the amount of idio-blasts and the type of vascular bundles. On leaf epidermis, the two distinguished in the shape of surface celis, anticlinal wall and the ornamentation of cuticle while they shared the same type of stomata, aniso-cytic type. As far as pollen morphology was concerned, the two had much the same characteristics such as the pollen shape, angulaperturate, 3-colporate and ornamentation type on the exine surface. But the size and the thickness of exine wall differed distinctly. Some marked differences are taxonomically useful for the identification of genera and division of family. At the end of the article, the author concludes that Orostachys is superior to Sedum spp..