Embryo Development and Features of Seed and Fruit of Endangered Plant Cymbidium goeringii var. longibracteatum

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2023.06.017

Abstract

Abstract:

The embryo development， seed formation and fruit anatomical characteristics of Cymbidium goeringii var. longibracteatum were investigated by microscopic and ultrastructure obsevation on the capsules at various developmental stages obtained by artificial self-pollination. The results showed that： megasporocyte and mature embryo sac were observed at 60 d and 80 d after pollination resepectively， and the female gametophyte was of polygonum type. Spherical embryo and suspensor structures formed after 120 d， and the suspensor degenerated and embryo body was at the globular stage after 180 d， and development of the embryo was of the solanad type. The seeds were extremely tiny， consisting of endopleura， episperm and undifferentiated globular embryo， accounting for about 24% of the seed embryo volume， and with little content of nutrients， and an air cavity between the seed coats.The ovary was composed of six carpel valves， three of which were fertile with a ‘V’ shaped placenta， and the others were infertile carpel valves without placenta. The average weight of a single seed was （3.92 ±0.40） μg， and the number of seeds in a capsule was（37.98±3.71）×10⁴.

Key words: Cymbidium goeringii var. longibracteatum, embryo development, fruit, seed

CLC Number:

S682.31

Renrui WANG, Xin LIU, Jie LI. Embryo Development and Features of Seed and Fruit of Endangered Plant Cymbidium goeringii var. longibracteatum[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 953-960.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

References 17

1	李杰，匡萍，王芝娜，等.川东平行岭谷区野生春剑伴生植物群落特征研究［J］.长江流域资源与环境，2013，22（10）：1319-1324.
	LI J， KUANG P， WANG Z N，et al.Distribution status of wild Cymbidium goeringii var.longibracteatum resources and associated plants in parallel ridge valley region in the eastern Sichuan of China［J］.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin，2013，22（10）：1319-1324.
2	国家林业局和草原局，国家重点保护野生植物名录［EB/OL］.（2021-08-07）［2022-10-30］..
	National Forestry and Grassland Administration，List of National Key Protected Wild Plants［EB/OL］.（2021-08-07）［2022-10-30］..
3	CITES Secretariat.Législation nationale［EB/OL］.（2016-10-18）［2022-10-30］..
4	IUCN.The IUCN red list of threatened species：Version 2019-1［EB/OL］.［2022-10-30］..
5	LEE Y I， YEUNG E C， CHUNG M C.Orchid biotechnology［M］.Singapore：World Scientific Publishing，2007.
6	WANG L J， KUANG R R， ZHANG P，et al. In-situ symbiotic germination of Cymbidium tortisepalum var.longibracteatum F-1 hybrid seeds associated with the wild variety （Orchidaceae）［J］.Phyton-annales Rei Botanicae，2020，60（1/2）：41.
7	许燕，卢丽平，纪鹏伟，等.兰科植物种子数的科学计数［J］.生物学通报，2015，50（8）：49-50.
	XU Y， LU L P， JI P W，et al.Scientific method of number counting of orchid seeds［J］.Bulletin of Biology，2015，50（8）：49-50.
8	李和平.植物显微技术［M］.北京：科学出版社，2009.
	LI H P.Plant microtechnology［M］.Beijing：Science Press，2009.
9	ARDITTI J， GHANI A K A.Numerical and physical properties of orchid seeds and their biological implications［J］.New Phytologist，2000，145（3）：367-421.
10	JOHANSEN B.Carpology of orchids［J］.Selbyana，2006，27（1）：44-53.
11	MAYER J L S， CARMELLO-GUERREIRO S M， APPEZZATO-DA-GLÓRIA B.Anatomical development of the pericarp and seed of Oncidium flexuosum Sims （Orchidaceae）［J］.Flora-Morphology，Distribution，Functional Ecology of Plants，2011，206（6）：601-609.
12	胡适宜.被子植物胚胎学［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，1982.
	HU S Y.Embryology of angiosperms［M］.Beijing：Higher Education Press，1982.
13	SWAMY B G L.Embryological studies in the Orchidaceae.Ⅱ.Embryogeny［J］.The American Midland Naturalist，1949，41（1）：202-232.
14	KOLOMEITSEVA G L， RYABCHENKO A S， BABOSHA A V.Features of the embryonic development of Dienia ophrydis（Orchidaceae）［J］.Cell and Tissue Biology，2017，11（4）：314-323.
15	任玲，王伏雄.兜兰胚胎学的研究［J］.植物学报，1987，29（1）：14-21.
	REN L， WANG F X.Embryological studies of Paphiopedilum godefroyae stein［J］.Bulletin of Botany，1987，29（1）：14-21.
16	张毓，张启翔，赵世伟，等.濒危植物大花杓兰胚与珠被发育的研究［J］.园艺学报，2010，37（1）：72-76.
	ZHANG Y， ZHANG Q X， ZHAO S W，et al.Embryo and integument development of the endangered species Cypripedium macranthos Sw.［J］.Acta Horticulturae Sinica，2010，37（1）：72-76.
17	YAMAZAKI J， MIYOSHI K. In vitro asymbiotic germination of immature seed and formation of protocorm by Cephalanthera falcata（Orchidaceae）［J］.Annals of Botany，2006，98（6）：1197-1206.

组号 No.	m₁/g	m₂/g	m/mg	n/粒	m/n（μg）	N/万粒
均值 Mean	—	—	—	—	3.92±0.40	37.98±3.71
1	0.0047	0.004 1	0.6	155	3.87	38.13
2	0.0041	0.003 3	0.8	186	4.30	34.32
3	0.0033	0.002 6	0.7	191	3.66	40.27
4	0.0026	0.001 9	0.7	163	4.29	34.37
5	0.0019	0.001 4	0.5	145	3.45	42.80

[1]	Jing WANG, Yingcai ZHANG, Shanshan TAO, Xue YANG. Effects of Pectinase on the Distribution of Arabinogalactan Proteins in Developing Fruit of Ziziphus jujuba ‘Lingwu Changzao’ [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2024, 44(1): 62-74.
[2]	Fazhi FANG, Huiying GUI, Zhaojia LI, Xiaofeng ZHANG. Physiological Adaptation of Six Mangrove Seedlings to Different Salinity [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 881-889.
[3]	Chaoyang MA, Tianfeng LIU, Xiaoxue LI, Cancan HUO, Lingling FU, Zailiu LI. Interannual Changes in the Effects of Soil Gravel Content on the Growth and Physiology of Handeliodendron bodinieri Seedlings [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(6): 890-899.
[4]	Dan WANG, Zhongshuai ZHANG, Qingyin ZENG, Xuemin HAN. Fruiting and Seed Characteristics of Abies in Northwest Yunnan [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(5): 647-656.
[5]	Yougui WU, Zhicheng ZHU, Qianqian WU, Huanman CAI, Dingyun CHEN. The Seed Rain of Critically Endangered Plant Abies beshanzuensis [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(5): 711-719.
[6]	Chunjing JIAO, Mingyue LI, Peng ZHANG. Effects of Exogenous Hormones Soaking and Osmotic Treatment on Thermal Dormancy of Seeds of Fraxinus mandshurica [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(3): 370-378.
[7]	Xijia JIU, Yuhui WANG, Honggang CHEN, Huizhen WANG, Cuiyun ZENG, Tao DU. Selection of Cryopreservation Conditions of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum Seeds Based on Entropy Weight TOPSIS Model [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(3): 404-411.
[8]	Yingying TANG, Chuanchao GUO, Dang SHI, Nanlin JIANG, Zheng XU, Liqiang LIU. Effects of Pulp and Buried Depth on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Armeniaca vulgaris [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(2): 251-260.
[9]	Lijie CHEN, Wanyuan DANG, Weiwei CHEN, Tao QIU, Xiaohong CHEN. Spatial Variation of Phenotypes of Fruit and Seed Traits of Michelia wilsonii, a Rare and Endangered Plant [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(1): 100-108.
[10]	Jianwei YANG, Zongyan LI, Yao FENG, Shuxian REN, Menglu HU, Songpu YE. Reproductive Biological Characteristics of Dendrobium chrysanthum [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2023, 43(1): 150-160.
[11]	Jing WANG, Yingcai ZHANG, Shanshan TAO. Histochemical Localization of Arabinogalactan Proteins During Fruit Development from Ziziphus jujuba ‘Lingwu Changzao’ [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(6): 1106-1120.
[12]	Xiaolu CAO, Qiaozhu ZHAO, Hua XING, Mengfei LI. Anatomical Structure of Seed and Morphological Character at Different Germination Stages of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(5): 746-752.
[13]	Yujin XU, Xihe WANG, Pingyang LI, Yulei LI, Dexiao LI, Yunyang WU, Quan SUN, Lili GE, Xiyang ZHAO. Effect of Fruit-Expander on Cone Performance of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(5): 762-771.
[14]	Huan WANG, Yunfei XU, Yibo LIU, Qinsong LIU, Wenjuan XU, Yun LONG, Xiao XU. Allelopathic Effects on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Brassica pekinensi, Caused by Water Extracts of Branches and Leaves from Davidia involucrata and Bothrocaryum controversum [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(5): 866-875.
[15]	Xingui LE, Zhengwei WANG, Xin NING, Xiqing SUN, Yigang SONG. The Germination Characteristics and Dormancy Type of the Seed of Castanopsis sclerophylla [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(4): 688-693.