Abstract:

Medicinal plants constitute an important component of international trade under the auspices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Based on the CITES trade database, this study explored the spatiotemporal patterns of CITES-listed medicinal plant exports from China using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results showed that between 1981 and 2021, China traded 257 species of medicinal plants, with a total volume of 170 million live plants and 100 000 tons of plant derivatives. The Chinese medicinal plant export records were primarily concentrated in Japan (32%), South Korea (10%), and the United States (9%), with a gradual expansion to other countries and regions. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a gradual shift from wild to cultivated medicinal plants following the implementation of CITES trade regulations in China. This study highlights the importance of focusing on live plants as a significant category within the medicinal plant trade, and suggests that specific species, such as Gastrodia elata Blume, Panax quinquefolius L., Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw., and Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw., warrant closer surveillance in trade.

摘要：

药用植物是《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora，简称 CITES）国际贸易中的重要类群。本文基于CITES贸易数据库，通过描述统计法和Pearson相关系数法探究CITES附录药用植物在中国的出口贸易时空格局。结果显示，中国在1981-2021年，有257种药用植物用于贸易，其中活体植物总贸易量达1.7亿株，植物衍生物总贸易量达10万吨。中国药用植物的出口贸易记录主要集中在日本（32%）、韩国（10%）和美国（9%），并逐渐向更多的国家或地区发展。Pearson相关系数分析表明，随着CITES贸易管制措施在中国的实施，药用植物的贸易来源逐渐由野生转变为人工培植。植物衍生物这一标本类型的药用植物需要更加关注，天麻（Gastrodia elata Blume）、西洋参（Panax quinquefolius L.）、建兰（Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw.）、纹瓣兰（Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw.）则是需要在贸易中重点监督的物种。