Abstract:

The culture of plants used in Liangshan Yi people’s traditional folk customs is widespread. These plants represented rich cultural diversity, mainly existing in witchcrafts, rites and festivals. A communitybased study and an extensive field surveys had been carried out. The methods including Key Informant Interviews, Semistructured Interviews and Participatory Observation were adopted in the study. The plants in traditional folk customs used by the Yi people in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and their cultural contexts were documented and inventoried. The results showed that there were 102 plant species used in Yi people’s traditional folk customs and expressed diversity and richness in terms of cultural meanings. The plants were used for witchcrafts and rites, social rituals, festive events, including 21 species used in wedding, 24 in funeral, 11 in the adult ceremony, 3 in daily life; 14 in the Torch Festival, 15 in the Yi National new year, 91 in witchcrafts and rites. The folk plants’ cultural meanings are mainly reflected in exorcism, reproductive worship and ancestor worship. The main reasons are that the Yi people advocate ghosts and believe the animism of primitive religion in Lianshan region. The cultures of folk plants are an important component of the natural primary religion and Bimo culture. It is an indispensable part of the traditional culture of the Yi people.

Key words: Ethnobotany, Traditional folk customs, Bimo culture, Yi nationality, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

摘要：

凉山彝族传统民俗植物文化在当地彝社会中广泛存在，表现了丰富多彩的文化多样性，集中反映在法术仪式、礼仪、节日庆典等方面。采用关键人物访谈、半结构访谈、参与式观察等方法研究了凉山彝族传统民俗中使用的植物，共调查到102种，其中，跟婚礼相关的植物21种，葬礼植物24种，成人礼植物11种，日常礼仪植物3种；火把节植物14种，彝族年植物15种；法术仪式植物91种。这些民俗植物的文化含义主要表现在驱鬼、生殖崇拜和祖先崇拜三个方面，这与当地彝族崇信鬼神和其崇拜万物有灵的原始宗教有关，是其自然原始宗教和毕摩文化的重要组成。

关键词: 民族植物学, 传统民俗, 毕摩文化, 彝族, 凉山州