Differences in leaf heat and drought tolerance but not cold tolerance between karst and non-karst forest plants

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2025.08.006

Plant Diversity ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (02): 363-372.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2025.08.006

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Differences in leaf heat and drought tolerance but not cold tolerance between karst and non-karst forest plants

Qiufeng Ning^a, Yin Wen^b,c, Hui Liu^d, Jiawei Li^a, Yunpeng Nie^b,c

a. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, China;
b. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
c. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hechi 547100, China;
d. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China

Received:2025-06-07 Revised:2025-08-06 Online:2026-05-19 Published:2026-03-25
Contact: Yin Wen,E-mail:weny@isa.ac.cn
Supported by:
We are grateful to Guimin Zhao (Nonggang Nature Reserve), Hong Zeng and Youyu Chen (Guizhou University), Kexin Feng (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), and Chengkun Yang (Guilin University of Technology) for their assistance in field sampling and determination. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China (2022YFE0127600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32201286), the Guangxi Province Science and Technology Project (No. 2024JJB130016), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2025JJ20034).

Differences in leaf heat and drought tolerance but not cold tolerance between karst and non-karst forest plants

Qiufeng Ning^a, Yin Wen^b,c, Hui Liu^d, Jiawei Li^a, Yunpeng Nie^b,c

a. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 53004, China;
b. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
c. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hechi 547100, China;
d. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China

通讯作者: Yin Wen,E-mail:weny@isa.ac.cn
基金资助:
We are grateful to Guimin Zhao (Nonggang Nature Reserve), Hong Zeng and Youyu Chen (Guizhou University), Kexin Feng (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), and Chengkun Yang (Guilin University of Technology) for their assistance in field sampling and determination. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China (2022YFE0127600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32201286), the Guangxi Province Science and Technology Project (No. 2024JJB130016), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2025JJ20034).

Abstract

Abstract: Ongoing climate change and increasingly frequent extreme precipitation events pose greater threats to plant survival. Plants in the karst environment may face heightened risks because shallow soils and poor water retention amplify drought and temperature stresses, yet their physiological tolerances remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the leaf physiological tolerance strategies to drought and temperature stress in plants from karst versus non-karst forests, and to quantify the relative contributions of lithology and phylogeny to variation in these tolerances. In this study, we measured leaf photosynthetic heat and cold tolerance, leaf turgor loss points, and morphological and anatomical traits in 39 dominant woody species from karst and non-karst forests in Guangxi, China. We used Welch’s t-tests to compare leaf trait differences between forest types, evaluated the trait relationships with Pearson correlation analysis, and partitioned the contributions of lithology and phylogeny to trait variation using phylogenetic eigenvector regression (PVR). Karst species exhibited more negative leaf turgor loss points (π_tlp) and lower heat tolerance (T50_heat) than non-karst species, whereas cold tolerance (T50_cold) did not differ between habitats. Leaf thickness (LT) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were positively correlated with T50_heat, suggesting that higher structural investments enhance heat tolerance, but are not correlated with T50_cold and π_tlp. Phylogeny predominantly explains the variation in T50_cold and the second principal component (PC2), whereas lithology primarily drove variation in π_tlp and T50_heat. Because karst species have lower heat tolerance, they may face a higher risk of thermal damage under future climate warming.

Key words: Photosynthetic heat tolerance, Photosynthetic cold tolerance, Turgor loss point, Heat stress, Leaf traits, Karst forests

摘要： Ongoing climate change and increasingly frequent extreme precipitation events pose greater threats to plant survival. Plants in the karst environment may face heightened risks because shallow soils and poor water retention amplify drought and temperature stresses, yet their physiological tolerances remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the leaf physiological tolerance strategies to drought and temperature stress in plants from karst versus non-karst forests, and to quantify the relative contributions of lithology and phylogeny to variation in these tolerances. In this study, we measured leaf photosynthetic heat and cold tolerance, leaf turgor loss points, and morphological and anatomical traits in 39 dominant woody species from karst and non-karst forests in Guangxi, China. We used Welch’s t-tests to compare leaf trait differences between forest types, evaluated the trait relationships with Pearson correlation analysis, and partitioned the contributions of lithology and phylogeny to trait variation using phylogenetic eigenvector regression (PVR). Karst species exhibited more negative leaf turgor loss points (π_tlp) and lower heat tolerance (T50_heat) than non-karst species, whereas cold tolerance (T50_cold) did not differ between habitats. Leaf thickness (LT) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were positively correlated with T50_heat, suggesting that higher structural investments enhance heat tolerance, but are not correlated with T50_cold and π_tlp. Phylogeny predominantly explains the variation in T50_cold and the second principal component (PC2), whereas lithology primarily drove variation in π_tlp and T50_heat. Because karst species have lower heat tolerance, they may face a higher risk of thermal damage under future climate warming.

关键词: Photosynthetic heat tolerance, Photosynthetic cold tolerance, Turgor loss point, Heat stress, Leaf traits, Karst forests

Qiufeng Ning, Yin Wen, Hui Liu, Jiawei Li, Yunpeng Nie. Differences in leaf heat and drought tolerance but not cold tolerance between karst and non-karst forest plants[J]. Plant Diversity, 2026, 48(02): 363-372.

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Differences in leaf heat and drought tolerance but not cold tolerance between karst and non-karst forest plants

Differences in leaf heat and drought tolerance but not cold tolerance between karst and non-karst forest plants

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