Abstract: The volatiles release of five Ficus species that from different successional stages with same lifeform were studied in order to understand how these species perform differently in response to herbivores. For the leaves without damage , the pioneer species Ficus hispida released more volatiles than F . auriculata , F. oligodon . and F . racemosa , while the climax species F. altissima released the least amount of volatiles. After the treatment of artificial damage, all five Ficus species showed a increased amount in their volatile release , and the quantity of volatile for the five species were in the same order as they preformed in leaves without damage. When treated with woolly bear, larvae of Asota caricae Boisduval , a common lepidopter on Ficus plants , a F. hispida showed a reduced amount for volatile releases, and F. auriculata and F. oligodon showed a significant increase in the amount of more volatiles release , among which, Eucalyptol, a general insecticidal substance was produced. Asota caricae refused to feed the leaves of F. altissima, thus no data for the volatile release for F. altissima under herbivores in this study. The study indicated that Ficus species from different successional stages indeed preformed different responses to herbivore feeding and artificial damage.

Key words: Ficus (Moraceae)

摘要： 比较了昆虫取食与人工损伤对五种生活型相同但来自不同演替阶段的榕树挥发物释放的影响。在叶片无损伤情况下, 先锋种对叶榕( Ficus hispida) 释放挥发物最多, 顶级种高榕( F. altissima) 释放最少, 中间种木瓜榕( F. auriculata)、苹果榕( F. oligodon) 和聚果榕( F . racemosa) 居中。人工损伤处理后五种植物挥发物的释放均显著增加, 挥发物释放量的大小顺序和无损伤情况下相一致。一点拟灯蛾幼虫取食后, 先锋树种对叶榕的挥发物的释放被明显抑制, 木瓜榕和苹果榕挥发物释放量释放显著增加, 并同时释放一种广谱杀虫物质———桉油精。一点拟灯蛾幼虫不取食高榕叶片因而没有高榕被昆虫取食挥发物释放量释放数据。本研究表明来自不同演替阶段的榕树对昆虫取食与人工损伤对挥发物释放的影响确存在明显的差异。

关键词: 榕属植物, 演替阶段, 挥发性物质, 诱导防御, 人工损伤