Class I TCP transcription factor OsTCP4 suppresses plant height via negatively regulating the green revolution gene SD1 (OsGA20ox2) in rice (Oryza sativa)

doi:10.1016/j.pld.2026.02.008

Plant Diversity ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (04): 823-835.DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2026.02.008

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Class I TCP transcription factor OsTCP4 suppresses plant height via negatively regulating the green revolution gene SD1 (OsGA20ox2) in rice (Oryza sativa)

Chen Ruan^a,b, Jun Yang^e, Sen Yang^c, Wulve Huang^f, Yang Zhou^c, Pengcheng Wang^a,c, Diqiu Yu^a,b,c,d

a. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
b. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
c. School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
d. Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China;
e. Yunnan Police College, Kunming 650223, China;
f. Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China

Received:2025-10-14 Revised:2026-01-27 Accepted:2026-02-22 Online:2026-03-09 Published:2026-07-25
Contact: Pengcheng Wang,E-mail:pcwang@ynu.edu.cn;Diqiu Yu,E-mail:ydq@xtbg.ac.cn
Supported by:
We would like to thank Jiaojiao Zhang (ORCID: 0009-0007-9675-3873) of Yunnan Agricultural University for tremendous assistance with the rice field work and rice genotype evaluation work. We would like to thank Mrs Dong of Yunnan Hanfei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for assistance with microscopic observations. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (32372030, 32560439), the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province, China (202401BC070005, 202501AT070184).

Class I TCP transcription factor OsTCP4 suppresses plant height via negatively regulating the green revolution gene SD1 (OsGA20ox2) in rice (Oryza sativa)

Chen Ruan^a,b, Jun Yang^e, Sen Yang^c, Wulve Huang^f, Yang Zhou^c, Pengcheng Wang^a,c, Diqiu Yu^a,b,c,d

a. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
b. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
c. School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
d. Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China;
e. Yunnan Police College, Kunming 650223, China;
f. Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China

通讯作者: Pengcheng Wang,E-mail:pcwang@ynu.edu.cn;Diqiu Yu,E-mail:ydq@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
We would like to thank Jiaojiao Zhang (ORCID: 0009-0007-9675-3873) of Yunnan Agricultural University for tremendous assistance with the rice field work and rice genotype evaluation work. We would like to thank Mrs Dong of Yunnan Hanfei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for assistance with microscopic observations. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (32372030, 32560439), the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province, China (202401BC070005, 202501AT070184).

Abstract

Abstract: Plant height is critical for crops in agricultural research and practice. Optimizing plant height helps to increase yield and lodging resistance. The green revolution gene semi-dwarf 1 (SD1) encoding GA 20-oxidase 2 (GA20ox2) has been widely used in modern rice breeding. However, the molecular mechanism of how SD1 is transcriptionally regulated remains elusive. TCP proteins, one family of the plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), have been proved to widely distribute in plants and play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we report a TCP TF OsTCP4, which belongs to class I clade TCP, plays critical roles in regulating plant height of rice through acting as a transcriptional repressor of SD1. OsTCP4 is a nuclear-localized TF, which has a preferential transcriptional accumulation in stem nodes and tiller bases. ostcp4 knock-out mutants displayed higher plant height compared with WT, while overexpression of OsTCP4 reduced plant height compared with WT, which was confirmed by two cultivars on four planting sites of Yunnan under three-year investigation. The expression of SD1 was upregulated in ostcp4 mutants and reduced in OsTCP4-overexpression plants. Moreover, OsTCP4 protein directly binds to the promoter region of SD1. The genetic regulation between OsTCP4 and SD1 was further verified with ossd1 tcp4 double mutant. Moreover, distinction of plant height in ostcp4 lines and OsTCP4-OE lines is caused by different concentrations of GA₁. Taken together, OsTCP4 acts as a transcriptional repressor of SD1 and it may play a critical role in rice growth and development through the fine-tuning of GA₁ biosynthesis.

Key words: TCP transcription factor, OsTCP4, GA₁, SD1, Rice, Plant height

摘要： Plant height is critical for crops in agricultural research and practice. Optimizing plant height helps to increase yield and lodging resistance. The green revolution gene semi-dwarf 1 (SD1) encoding GA 20-oxidase 2 (GA20ox2) has been widely used in modern rice breeding. However, the molecular mechanism of how SD1 is transcriptionally regulated remains elusive. TCP proteins, one family of the plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), have been proved to widely distribute in plants and play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we report a TCP TF OsTCP4, which belongs to class I clade TCP, plays critical roles in regulating plant height of rice through acting as a transcriptional repressor of SD1. OsTCP4 is a nuclear-localized TF, which has a preferential transcriptional accumulation in stem nodes and tiller bases. ostcp4 knock-out mutants displayed higher plant height compared with WT, while overexpression of OsTCP4 reduced plant height compared with WT, which was confirmed by two cultivars on four planting sites of Yunnan under three-year investigation. The expression of SD1 was upregulated in ostcp4 mutants and reduced in OsTCP4-overexpression plants. Moreover, OsTCP4 protein directly binds to the promoter region of SD1. The genetic regulation between OsTCP4 and SD1 was further verified with ossd1 tcp4 double mutant. Moreover, distinction of plant height in ostcp4 lines and OsTCP4-OE lines is caused by different concentrations of GA₁. Taken together, OsTCP4 acts as a transcriptional repressor of SD1 and it may play a critical role in rice growth and development through the fine-tuning of GA₁ biosynthesis.

关键词: TCP transcription factor, OsTCP4, GA₁, SD1, Rice, Plant height

Chen Ruan, Jun Yang, Sen Yang, Wulve Huang, Yang Zhou, Pengcheng Wang, Diqiu Yu. Class I TCP transcription factor OsTCP4 suppresses plant height via negatively regulating the green revolution gene SD1 (OsGA20ox2) in rice (Oryza sativa)[J]. Plant Diversity, 2026, 48(04): 823-835.

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Class I TCP transcription factor OsTCP4 suppresses plant height via negatively regulating the green revolution gene SD1 (OsGA20ox2) in rice (Oryza sativa)

Class I TCP transcription factor OsTCP4 suppresses plant height via negatively regulating the green revolution gene SD1 (OsGA20ox2) in rice (Oryza sativa)

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