整合生物学期刊网

林业研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 871-888.DOI: 10.1007/s11676-023-01607-4

• •    下一篇

Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu1,a(), William L. Mason2, Jean-Charles Bastien3, Torsten Vor4, Krasimira Petkova5, Vilém Podrázský6, Martina Đodan7, Sanja Perić7, Nicola La Porta8, Robert Brus9, Siniša Andrašev10, Martin Slávik11, Juraj Modranský12, Michal Pástor11,12, Károly Rédei13, Branislav Cvjetkovic14, Ahmet Sivacioğlu15, Vasyl Lavnyy16, Cornelia Buzatu-Goanță17, Gheorghe Mihăilescu1,18   

  • 收稿日期:2022-09-01 接受日期:2023-01-30 出版日期:2024-10-16 发布日期:2024-10-16
  • 通讯作者: Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in Europe: an overview of management practices

Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu1,a(), William L. Mason2, Jean-Charles Bastien3, Torsten Vor4, Krasimira Petkova5, Vilém Podrázský6, Martina Đodan7, Sanja Perić7, Nicola La Porta8, Robert Brus9, Siniša Andrašev10, Martin Slávik11, Juraj Modranský12, Michal Pástor11,12, Károly Rédei13, Branislav Cvjetkovic14, Ahmet Sivacioğlu15, Vasyl Lavnyy16, Cornelia Buzatu-Goanță17, Gheorghe Mihăilescu1,18   

  1. 1 Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
    2 Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
    3 INRAe Centre Val de Loire, Ardon, Orléans, France
    4 Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University Georg-August, Göttingen, Germany
    5 University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
    6 Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
    7 Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
    8 Foundation Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
    9 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
    10 Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Novi Sad, Serbia
    11 National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia
    12 Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
    13 Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
    14 Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
    15 Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
    16 Department of Silviculture, Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv, Ukraine
    17 Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, Romania
    18 Vâlcea County Branch, National Forest Administration-ROMSILVA, Râmnicu-Vâlcea, Romania
  • Received:2022-09-01 Accepted:2023-01-30 Online:2024-10-16 Published:2024-10-16
  • Contact: Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu

Abstract:

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), one of the most commercially important tree species in western North America and one of the most valuable timber trees worldwide, was introduced to Europe in 1827. It became a major species for afforestation in Western Europe after WWII, currently grows in 35 countries on over 0.83 million ha and is one of the most widespread non-native tree species across the continent. A lower sensitivity to drought makes Douglas-fir a potential alternative to the more drought-sensitive Norway spruce so its importance in Europe is expected to increase in the future. It is one of the fastest growing conifer species cultivated in Europe, with the largest reported dimensions of 2.3 m in diameter and 67.5 m in height. Pure stands have high productivity (up to 20 m3 ha−1a−1) and production (over 1000 m3 ha−1). The species is generally regenerated by planting (initial stocking density from less than 1000 seedlings ha−1 to more than 4000 ha−1), using seedlings of European provenance derived from seed orchards or certified seed stands. As the range of end-uses of its wood is very wide, the rotation period of Douglas-fir is highly variable and ranges between 40 and 120 years. When the production of large-sized, knot-free timber is targeted, thinnings are always coupled with pruning up to 6 m. There is an increasing interest in growing Douglas-fir in mixtures and managing stands through close-to-nature silviculture, but the species’ intermediate shade tolerance means that it is best managed through group selection or shelterwood systems.

Key words: Douglas-fir, Ecological requirements, Growth and yield, Timber, Climate change