Abstract: Many papers have been written about evolution and phylogeny of organisms.Very often missing informations have stimulated more or less probable hypotheses.But extensive phlogenetic surverys of genera or even of families still are very seldom.That may derive from the fact.that especially in plnat phyla fossil traditions over more extent geological periods are very rare;in other words:within higher plants they can be characterized as exceptions.

Key words: Phylogenetic

摘要： 本文通过形态学和解剖学的分析，细胞遗传学（染色体特性的研究）以及生态地理学的研究等间接方法探讨了紫草科Boraginaceae中肺草属Pulmonaria的发育模式，推导了该属从晚更新世到现今的演化过程。肺草属的分布区从伊比利亚半岛西北部延伸到东西伯利亚和中国北部，从英国和斯堪的纳维亚南部分别延伸到希腊中部。

关键词: 管花植物, 发育, 模式, 欧亚大陆, 北部