Abstract: The karyotypes of Dipylleia sinensis and Dysosma veitchii are reported in this paper for the first time. The karyotype formula of the former is K(2n)= l2 = 8m(4SAT)+2st+2t. and that for the latter is K(2n) = 4m (2 SA T)+4 sm+2 st (2 SAT )+2t, both belonging to 2A type. The karyo types of SinopodoPhyllum hexandrum and Dysosma vershalliS reported in this paper are somewhat different from those in previous reports, i.e. the karyotype formula of the former being K(2n)=l2= 6m (4SAT)+2sm+2st+2t, 2B type, and that for the latter being K (2n) = 12 = 8m(2SAT)+ 2st(2SAT)+2t, 2A type. Two pairs of chromosomes are observed with secondary constriction in both species.

Key words: Diphylleia, Dysosma, Podophyllum, Sinopodophyllum, Karyotype, Evolution

摘要： 本文首次报道了中华山荷叶与川八角莲的核型，分别为K（2n）=12=8m（4SAT）＋2st＋2t及K（2n）=12=4m（2SAT）十4sm＋2st（2SAT）＋2t，核型类型均为2A型。本文报道的桃儿七及八角莲的核型与前人的结果有一定差异，前者为：K（2n）=12=6m（4SAT）＋2sm＋2st＋2t，2B型，后者为K（2n）=12=8m（2SAT）＋2st（2SAT）＋2t，为2A型。本文分析了小檗科鬼自亚科4个属共7种植物的核型，结果是该类植物的核型极为相似，染色体数目均为2n=12，由8条m或sm，2条st以及2条t染色体组成。核型的相似性反映了这类植物的亲缘关系，这4个属的植物是一个自然类群。但随着系统发育，核型的不对称性有所增加，其中以山荷叶属最为对称，八角莲属居中，桃儿七属与足叶草属最不对称。笔者认为，核型上的高度相似是该类植物在系统发育上不发达，属内种类稀少，通常为寡种属或单种属的重要原因。

关键词: 山荷叶属, 八角莲属, 足叶草属, 桃儿七属, 核型, 进化