Abstract:

In the post-genomic era, both plant genetic transformation and genome editing have emerged as critical tools for gene function research. Plant genetic transformation has evolved from methods requiring tissue culture to new approaches that bypass tissue culture entirely. Furthermore, gene editing technology has advanced from initial techniques of targeted gene segment modification and repair to more sophisticated strategies, such as precise nucleotide substitution and targeted insertion, deletion, and segment editing at specific sites without the need for cutting. Recent advancements in both plant genetic transformation and genome editing have significantly accelerated the field of plant biotechnology. In the present paper, we review recent progress on plant genetic transformation and genome editing technologies, as well as their applications in medicinal plants, providing insights into gene function analysis and molecular breeding strategies for medicinal plants.

摘要：

植物遗传转化和基因编辑技术是后基因组时代研究基因功能的重要手段。植物遗传转化从最初依赖组织培养的方式发展到了不依赖组织培养的直接转化方式；基因编辑技术从需要剪切特定基因片段再修复的第1阶段编辑技术，发展到了无需剪切即可在特定部位精确替换碱基或精确插入、删除片段以及大片段的第3阶段编辑技术，两种技术不断取得突破，推动着植物生物技术的飞速发展。本文综述了植物遗传转化方法与基因编辑技术的最新研究进展，以及它们在药用植物中的应用，并对药用植物遗传转化新方法和基因编辑技术的建立进行了展望，旨在为药用植物的基因功能和分子育种研究提供技术支撑。