Abstract:

Whole-genome genetic analysis, somatic variation detection, and fruit quality evaluation were performed on different ‘Changshanhuyou’ (Citrus × aurantium L.). specimens. Results showed that Changshanhuyou clustered with the original sour orange cultivars used in Aurantii Fructus production, such as Huangpi (C. aurantium L. ‘Huangpi’), Daidai (C. aurantium L. ‘Daidai’), Chuluan (C. aurantium L. ‘Chuluan’), and Tangcheng (C. aurantium L. ‘Tangcheng’), exhibiting 76.99%–91.06% genetic similarity with sour orange (C. aurantium L.). Fruit quality fluctuated and somatic mutations increased with age of the Changshanhuyou trees. Fruit quality was not influenced by the use of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) as the rootstock, but higher somatic mutations were detected in the grafted trees. The mutated genes were mainly involved in senescence repair and stress defense. In conclusion, this study confirmed that Changshanhuyou is a domesticated form of sour orange, demonstrating stable fruit quality and genetic material within its optimal production period. This work provides a theoretical basis for the promotion of Changshanhuyou and grafting.

摘要：

本研究以20~100年实生和嫁接的常山柚橙（Citrus × aurantium L. ‘Changshanhuyou’）为材料，进行全基因组背景分析、体细胞变异检测和果实品质评价。结果显示，常山柚橙与药用枳壳基原品种黄皮酸橙（C. aurantium L. ‘Huangpi’）、代代花（C. aurantium L. ‘Daidai’）、朱栾（C. aurantium L. ‘Chuluan’）和塘橙（C. aurantium L. ‘Tangcheng’）聚类在一起，两者与酸橙（C. aurantium L.）的遗传相似度在76.99%~91.06%。随着常山柚橙树龄的增加，其果实品质发生变化，且体细胞变异总数增加。枳（Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.）砧不会改变常山柚橙的果实品质，但其接穗中体细胞变异总数增加，其中变异基因涉及衰老修复和逆境防御过程。综上所述，常山柚橙是酸橙变种，且在常规生产年限内，其果实品质稳定，遗传物质保持不变，但体细胞变异数量逐渐积累。