Abstract:

The abscission of fruit is a crucial stage in the ontogeny of fruit trees, signifying the detachment of fruit from the tree body. This process is integral to the survival, growth, reproduction, and economic value of fruit trees. As such, analyzing the molecular mechanisms that regulate fruit abscission is important for improving fruit tree varieties and fruit quality. Fruit abscission predominantly occurs in the abscission zone, a region in which the generation and reception of abscission-stimulating signals are regulated by multiple genes. This regulatory process is the outcome of the joint action of various factors, including cellular structure, carbohydrates, cell wall metabolic enzymes, ethylene synthesis, and signal transduction pathways. The functional dynamics and interrelationships of these factors warrant further exploration. In light of this, the present paper provides a comprehensive review of the formation and structural changes of the abscission zone, concentrations of carbohydrates, ethylene, and other substances, and expression of related genes during the fruit abscission process in fruit trees. This review aims to provide novel insights into the study of the fruit abscission mechanism and to lay a theoretical foundation for the scientific regulation of fruit abscission, improvement of fruit quality, and reduction of losses in fruit tree production.

摘要：

果实脱落是果树生长发育过程中非常重要的一个阶段，是指果实脱离树体的过程，关乎果树生存、生长、繁殖和经济价值，因此解析调控果树果实脱落的分子机制对改良果树品种、提高果实品质显得尤为重要。果实脱落一般发生在离区，离区的产生和接受脱落刺激信号导致果实脱落是一个多种基因参与的调控过程，是细胞结构、碳水化合物、细胞壁代谢酶、乙烯合成及信号转导过程等多种因素作用的结果，但各影响因素的功能有待进一步挖掘，各影响因素之间的关系也有待进一步完善。基于此，本文通过对果树果实脱落过程中离区的形成和结构变化、碳水化合物、乙烯等物质的含量及相关基因的表达进行综述，以期为果实脱落机理研究提供新思路，也为果树生产过程中科学调控果实脱落、提高果实品质、减少损失提供理论依据。