Abstract: The paper analyzed 239 endemic genera in 67 families in the flora of seed plants in China . The results showed that there are five families containing morn than ten endemic genera , i. e ., Gesneriaceae (27 , number of endemic genera in China , same thereafter) , Composite (20) , Labiatae (12) , Cruciferae (11) , and Umbelliferae (10) , 15 families with two endemic genera, and other 30 families with only one endemic genus . Four monotypic families, i. e ., Ginkgoaceae, Davidiaceae , Eucommiaceae and Acanthochlamydaceae
, are the most ancient , relic and characteristic in the flora of seed plants in China . Based on integrative data of systematics, fossils histories, morphological and molecular evidence of these genera, their origination, evolution and relationships were discussed . In gymnosperms, all endemic genera are relics of the Arctic-Tertiary flora , having earlier evolutionary history, and can be traced back to the Cretaceous or to the Jurassic and even earlier . In angiosperms, the endemic genera are mostly relic, and are represented in all lineages in our Eight-Class System of classification of angiosperms , and endemism can be found in almost every evolutionary stage of extant angiosperms . The relic genera once occupied huge areas in North Hemisphere in the Tertiary or the late Cretaceous, while neo-endemism was mostly originated in the late Tertiary . They came from Arctic-Tertiary , Paleo- tropical-Tertiary and Tethys-Tertiary florisitic elements and the blend of the three elements, with many genera of autochthonous origination . The endemism was formed when some dispersal route such as the North Atlantic Land Bridge, and the Bering Bridge became discontinuous
during the Tertiary , as well as the climate change and glaciation in the late Tertiary and the Quaternary . Therefore , the late Tertiary is the starting point of extant endemism of the flora of China .

Key words: Chinese flora

摘要： 对中国植物区系中的239 个特有属, 分属67 个科, 进行了分析研究, 列出了这些特有属在种子植物各个科的分布, 现代地理分布范围。结果表明含特有属在10 个以上的有5个科即: Gesneriaceae , Compositae, Labiatae , Cruiciferae , Umbelliferae ; 其中以Gesneriaceae 居榜首(27 属) , Compositae 位居第二( 20 属) , Labiatae 有12 属, 居第三。含2 属的科有15 个,含1 属的科有30 个; 其中Ginkgaceae , Davidiaceae , Eucommiaceae, Acanthochlamydaceae 组成了中国植物区系最具古老性、特有性和代表性的4 个单型科。在此基础上, 从特有属在被子植物八纲系统各个纲的分布特点, 以及在各个科组成和系统关系及已有地质、化石历史和系统学, 形态, 分子证据论述了这些特有属的起源、系统关系及在植物地理上的关系。在裸子植物中, 特有属最为丰富, 几乎皆是地质历史上北极- 第三纪成分的残遗, 起源时间较早, 可追溯到白垩纪或更早。被子植物中, 中国特有属存在于八纲被子植物的所有纲中, 几乎在现代被子植物各个演化阶段均有古老残遗的特有类群存在, 同时也不乏新特有类群尤其是在演化的高级阶段的类群。从起源上看, 被子植物的古特有属主要发生于晚白垩纪和早第三纪,地质历史上大都占有广阔的分布区; 新特有属多发生在新第三纪以后。其源头主要是北极第三纪、古热带第三纪( 冈瓦纳第三纪) 和古地中海第三纪的奇妙结合, 不少类群是就地起源的; 特有性是在第三纪中晚期以后北半球气候变迁, 迁移途径( 如北大西洋陆桥和白令陆桥) 中断后形成的, 这一时期是我国特有属形成发展的起始标志。

关键词: 中国植物区系, 特有性, 起源, 进化FONT